Hallescher Dom
The Halle Cathedral is the oldest church building still in existence in the old town of Halle . The archbishops of Magdeburg resided here for a long time as rulers of the city. The Church of Cardinal Albrecht von Brandenburg , together with the New Residence built next door , was to become part of the most influential, powerful and representative monastery north of the Alps. The cathedral is owned by the Saxony-Anhalt Cultural Foundation .
history
The church was originally a by the mendicant orders of the Dominicans , founded in 1271 and completed in 1330 monastery church with the patronage of St. Paul of the Holy Cross . Their rules in accordance waived the monks in their simple, three-aisled hall church on tower and transept.
From around 1520 the Archbishop of Magdeburg, Cardinal Albrecht von Brandenburg , had the church externally redesigned by the Bauhütte Bastian Binder (gable wreath in front of the roof) and finally rededicated in 1523 as the collegiate church of the Magdeburg Archdiocese. Since then the church has been known as the “cathedral”, initially only in the vernacular. Albrecht, who feared for his peace of mind in heaven, collected up to 20,000 relics . This precious treasure (no longer available today) became known as the so-called Hallesches Heilthum and the indulgence trade, which is indirectly related to it, actually triggered the Reformation. From 1523, Matthias Grünewald ( Erasmus Mauritius panel ), Lukas Cranach the Elder, among others , created magnificent furnishings that are hardly imaginable today . Ä. (Altars) and Peter Schro (stone sculptures). Lucas Cranach the Elder and his workshop produced 16 altars with 140 pictures from 1519 to 1525, of which only two altars, individual wings, models and drawings have survived.
All these changes to the old monastery church resulted in a total work of art in the style of the late Gothic and early Renaissance . The round-gabled cathedral was one of the most important sacred buildings in Central Germany and a peculiar work of the early Saxon Renaissance . As an opponent of Luther , Cardinal Albrecht was forced to leave Halle and the heartland of the Reformation in 1541 . He had the movable pieces of equipment transported to Aschaffenburg , where they are still to this day.
His secular successors in the government of the former diocese used the church as a court and palace church. The last of these administrators, Duke August von Sachsen-Weißenfels , gave the cathedral an early Baroque appearance from the middle of the 17th century with galleries and a large display altar. After 1680, the Great Elector, Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg , assigned the church now belonging to him to the Evangelical Reformed as a parish church for an unlimited period of time. In 1702/1703 the young Georg Friedrich Handel was employed by them as organist "for a year on a trial basis". In 1703 the first abbess of the Freiweltlichen aristocratic von Jena'schen Fräuleinstifts was introduced in the cathedral in a festive service , which was founded by Chancellor Gottfried von Jena with royal Prussian authentication in 1702. The abbesses found their final resting place in the cathedral and the other canonesses in the cloister when they died in the Jenastift.
In 1851 the community replaced the organ from the Baroque period with a new instrument from Friedrich Wilhelm Wäldner and August Ferdinand Wäldner , which father and son had been building since 1847. From 1883 to 1896 the interior was renewed in the usual way of regotization. Between 1957 and 1959, the Institute for the Preservation of Monuments carried out a renovation of the outer walls and the interior due to the severe material shortage. In 1996, the Saxony-Anhalt Cathedral Foundation began to renovate the church and adjacent buildings from scratch on behalf of the state. This work on the building fabric was essentially completed in 2005.
description
The cathedral lies on an arm of the hall on the western edge of the old town. In addition to the New Residence and Moritzburg, the church forms the center of the front of the Saale and essentially shapes the Domplatz . The Gothic church building is 68 meters long, 20 meters wide and 18 meters high.
The architecture is of strict regularity and the profile and tracery formation is emphatically simple. Only the remains of a Gothic cloister are preserved from the enclosure to the north . The French gables, which have given the building its external appearance since 1526, were originally decorated with lily frescoes. The motif of the round gable, as it occurs in Italian sacred and secular buildings, appears here for the first time north of the Alps.
The interior is characterized by smooth octagonal pillars without capitals and simple tracery in large lancet windows. A rood screen once divided the eight- bay nave. The cycle of pillar statues by Peter Schro, from the school of Hans Backoffen , is considered one of the most important works of German sculpture of the 16th century. The 17 larger-than-life figures, completed in 1525, represent Christ and the apostles (including Paul ), the diocese patron Mauritius and Saint Mary Magdalene . The figure of Saint Erasmus is completely out of sight after the baroque organ has been installed. An eighteenth figure (presumably Saint Ursula) has been completely lost. The Renaissance portals are also noteworthy : the south-eastern entrance portal to the church, the portal to the sacristy and the torso in the west of the interior. The pulpit dates from 1526. It shows the church fathers on the stringer and the letter writers from the New Testament on the pulpit. Below that, in addition to the four evangelists with their attributes, Moses is represented with the tablets of the law. The large display altar in the choir as well as all the galleries are witnesses of the time when the cathedral was used as a court or palace church. They were installed in the 1860s. However, the south pore can be reached via a spiral staircase, which dates back to the Renaissance period and at that time may have led to an elevated gallery for singers or musicians.
The interior also includes valuable tombstones and epitaphs , including a full-length tombstone of a mother with child from around 1380 and an epitaph from 1620 by a Magdeburg master. Two elaborately designed consecration tablets report on the renovation of the church by Cardinal Albrecht. Both date from 1523.
Organs
Main organ
The first cathedral organ was built in 1667. From 1847 to 1851, the Halle-based master organ builder Friedrich Wilhelm Wäldner created a new organ with 33 registers . It has been changed and rebuilt several times over the years. This was followed by a comprehensive restoration and reconstruction with a volume of 600,000 euros; it was carried out by the Wegscheider company from Dresden and the Halle restorer Kerstin Klein; on December 24, 2018 the organ sounded again for the first time. Since the last changes in 1972 the instrument has the following disposition :
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
Choir organ
There is also a choir organ in the cathedral, which was built by Johannes Stephani in 1799 with eleven stops on a manual and pedal . The instrument is purely mechanical and has slide chests. The disposition is as follows:
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- Pairing : I / P
See also
literature
- Heinrich L. Nickel: The cathedral to Halle. Schnell and Steiner, Munich a. Zurich 1991. Without ISBN.
- Holger Brülls / Thomas Dietsch: Architectural Guide Halle on the Saale. Dietrich Reimer, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3496012021 .
- Achim Todenhöfer: Stone praise to God. The medieval churches of the city of Halle. In: History of the City of Halle, Vol. 1, Halle in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle 2006, ISBN 978-3-89812-512-3 . Pp. 207-226.
- Peggy Grötschel / Matthias Behne: The churches of the city of Halle . Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle 2006, ISBN 3898123529 .
- Martin Filitz: Hall Cathedral. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2006, ISBN 978-3-7954-5675-7 .
- Ellen Horstup: Hall Cathedral. In: Christian Antz (Ed.): Seven Dome. Architecture and art of medieval cathedrals. Verlag Janos Stekovics, Dößel 2009, ISBN 978-3-89923-231-8 , pages 188-213.
- Achim Todenhöfer: Churches of the mendicant orders. The architecture of the Dominicans and Franciscans in Saxony-Anhalt . Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-496-01396-9 . Pp. 81-91.
- Matthias Hamann: The Liber Ordinarius Hallensis 1532. (Bamberg State Library, Msc. Lit. 119). Liturgical reforms at the New Abbey in Halle an der Saale under Albrecht Cardinal von Brandenburg (Jerusalem Theological Forum 27). Aschendorff, Münster 2014. ISBN 978-3-402-11028-7 .
Web links
- Website of the cathedral in Halle
- Halle Cathedral on the website of the Saxony-Anhalt Cultural Foundation
- Halle / Dom (1851) on the website about the organs of the organ building family Wäldner
Individual evidence
- ^ Foundation Prussian Palaces and Gardens Berlin-Brandenburg (ed.): Cranach and the art of the Renaissance under the Hohenzollern: Church, court and city culture , Deutscher Kunstverlag 2009, ISBN 978-3-422-06910-7 , p. 19
- ^ Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt: Pagus Neletici Et Nudzici ..., Halle 1750, p. 239, point 43; Google Books
- ↑ More information on the history and restoration of the Wäldner organ
- ↑ Information on the hall choir organ
Coordinates: 51 ° 29 ′ 3 ″ N , 11 ° 57 ′ 52 ″ E