Hans Backoffen

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Crucifixion group in Frankfurt's Peterskirchhof (1511)
Crucifixion group in Frankfurt Cathedral (1509)
Crucifixion group in Bad Wimpfen

Hans Backoffen - also Backoff , Backoffenn , Backoiffen or oven - (* around 1470 in Sulzbach; †  September 21, 1519 in Mainz ) was a German sculptor . He was a citizen of Mainz and was in the service of the archbishops as a court sculptor. His workshop can be traced back to Mainz from 1505 to 1519.

Life

The place of birth of Hans Backoffen cannot be precisely located, as different places called Sulzbach come into question. It is probably Sulzbach am Main , which at that time belonged to Kurmainz , or the imperial village Sulzbach near Höchst, not far from Mainz . In 1516 he acquired an old-age pension of 18 guilders annually from the Eberbach monastery for himself and his wife. Backoffen paid a one-off 200 guilders to the monastery for this. He belonged to the church council of St. Ignaz in Mainz and was buried together with his wife in this church.

style

Hans Backoffen , together with the somewhat earlier Adalbert master, is considered to be one of the most important representatives of sculpture in the Middle Rhine region in Mainz. Both stand at the transition from the late Gothic to the Renaissance . Hans Backoffen is the main representative of the so-called "late Gothic Baroque", the period from 1500 onwards, in which the first elements of the (Italian) Renaissance can be found throughout Europe and replace the tighter, almost schematic forms of representation and stricter gestures of Gothic.

Works (selection)

Grave slab in Eberbach monastery for Adam and Maria von Allendorf

The works of Hans Backoffen mainly include tombs and crucifixion groups and the like. a.

From the workshop of Hans Backoffens u. a. the following works:

  • The crucifixion group in front of the parish church of St. Vincentius in Hattenheim (1508/1510)
  • The crucifixion group in the churchyard of the parish church St. Markus in Erbach (Rheingau) (1508/1510)
  • The baptismal font of the parish church of St. Peter and Paul in Eltville am Rhein (dated 1517). The Kreuzigungsgruppe (1505) in the Schmidtburg Chapel in the cemetery and the Olives group are also outside the perimeter of the Church (1520) Back Offen assigned

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Einsingbach, Wolfgang; Riedel, Wolfgang: Eberbach Monastery in the Rheingau . 17th edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag Munich 2007. ISBN 978-3-422-02166-2 . Page 82
  2. ↑ Werner Schäfke : The Rhine from Mainz to Cologne: a journey through the romantic Rhine Valley . Dumont Art Guide DuMont Reiseverlag 1999, p. 375
  3. ↑ on the term "Gothic Baroque" cf. z. B. Georg Lill : German sculpture . People's Association of Book Friends, Berlin 1925
  4. ↑ cf. in addition the (controversial) term in French " gothique flamboyante " for the late Gothic
  5. ^ Peter Metz:  Backoffen (Backoff, Backoffenn, Backoiffen, oven), Hans, von Sulzbach (Sultzpach). In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 506 f. ( Digitized version ).
  6. ↑ Reclam's art guide, Germany III, Rhineland and Westphalia, 1975, ISBN 3-15-008401-6

literature

  • Georg Dehio : The master of the Gemmingen monument in Mainz Cathedral. In: Yearbook of the Prussian Art Collections 30/1909, pp. 139–152.
  • Paul Kautzsch : The Mainz sculptor Hans Backoffen and his school . Leipzig 1911 (outdated in many details).
  • Wilhelm Jung : The wooden crucifix in the cemetery of St. Ignaz in Mainz, a work by Hans Backoffen believed to be lost , in: Mainzer Almanach 1934, 133 ff
  • Peter Metz:  Backoffen (Backoff, Backoffenn, Backoiffen, Oven), Hans, von Sulzbach (Sultzpach). In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 506 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Wilhelm Jung: The re-erection of the crucifixion group of Hans Backoffen near St. Ignaz in Mainz , in: Denkmalpflege in Rheinland-Pfalz 12/13, 1957/58, 172 ff.
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz :  Hans Backoffen. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 328-329.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Irnfriede Lühmann-Schmid: Peter Schro , a Mainz sculptor and oven student. 2 parts . In: Mainzer Zeitschrift 70 (1975), pp. 1-62 and 71/72 (1976/77), pp. 57-100.
  • Barbara Riederer: Notes on Hans Backoffen's crucifixion group in Bad Wimpfen. In: Research and reports on the archeology of the Middle Ages in Baden-Württemberg, Vol. 8, Stuttgart 1983, pp. 453-465.
  • Wolf Goeltzer: The 'Hans Backoffen case'. Studies of sculpture in Mainz and on the Middle Rhine at the end of the late Middle Ages. 2 parts . In: Mainzer Zeitschrift 84/85 (1989/90), pp. 1–78 and 86 (1991), pp. 1–62 (fundamental).
  • Winfried Wilhelmy: An artist without a work, a work without an artist: Hans Backoffen and the holy abbot of the Frankfurt Liebieghaus, in: Valentina Torri (ed.): The holy abbot. A late Gothic wooden sculpture in the Liebieghaus, Berlin 2001, pp. 103-111
  • Winfried Wilhelmy: The crucifixion groups of "Hans Backoffen". On the foundation policy of the Mainz cathedral chapter in the lower archbishopric on the eve of the Reformation, in: Festschrift “Pfarrkirche St. Peter and Paul Eltville 1353-2003”, Eltville 2003, pp. 230–241
  • Yves Hoffmann: Franz Maidburg in Cologne, Mainz and Fürstenwalde? On the attributions of two sacraments in Cologne and Fürstenwalde as well as the epitaphs of Dietrich von Bülow in Fürstenwalde and Uriel von Gemmingen in Mainz . In: Mitteilungen des Freiberg Altertumsverein 101/2008, pp. 29–50

photos

  • Detail in Bad Wimpfen

  • Detail in Bad Wimpfen

  • Detail in Bad Wimpfen

Web links

Commons : Hans Backoffen  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Open the oven, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German sculptor of the late Gothic
DATE OF BIRTH around 1470
PLACE OF BIRTH Sulzbach, Germany
DATE OF DEATH September 21, 1519
Place of death Mainz , Germany