List of the bishops of Mainz
The following list provides information about the bishops and archbishops of the Diocese of Mainz throughout their history . The archbishops were at the same time rulers of the archbishopric of Mainz and metropolitans of the ecclesiastical province of Mainz as well as Primate Germaniae , they were archchancellors in Germania and electors of the Holy Roman Empire as well as chairmen of the electoral college, making them ex officio the highest-ranking spiritual imperial princes.
Legendary bishops (80-350)
The list of bishops that begins with the alleged apostle student Crescens is a later forgery.
Surname | from | to |
Crescens | 80 | 103 |
Marinus I. | 103 | 109 |
Crescentius | 109 | 127 |
Cyriacus | 127 | 141 |
Hilary | 141 | 161 |
Martin I. | 161 | 175 |
Celsus | 175 | 197 |
Lucius | 197 | 207 |
Gotthard | 207 | 222 |
Sophron | 222 | 230 |
Heriger I. | 230 | 234 |
Ruther | 234 | 254 |
Avitus | 254 | 276 |
Ignatius | 276 | 289 |
Dionysius | 289 | 309 |
Ruprecht I. | 309 | 321 |
Adalhard | 321 | 323 or 325 |
Lucius Annaeus | 325 or 331 | 343 or 350 |
Bishops according to early medieval bishops lists (350–745)
The names of the earliest bishops of the Mainz church are partly in the dark. Although it can be assumed that there was a bishop of Mainz at the latest in 368, only a few names have come down with certainty, and ten lists of bishops are also available. The oldest list of bishops comes from the Fulda death annals of the 10th century, which are handed down in a Munich codex from the 19th century. That list starts with Aureus. In Codex Bernensis No. 378, the list was expanded to include four names. The codex dates from the 10th century, although the change is sometimes also dated to the 11th century. However, there is no ultimate certainty about their authenticity. The work of the alleged Paulus student Crescens as bishop in Mainz, who is therefore to be regarded with certainty as a legend, is without any evidence.
Surname | from | to | Explanation |
Crescens | Alleged student of Paul, only added to the list in the 12th century in order to backdate the origins of the Mainz church (see above list "Legendary Bishops"). | ||
Mar (t) inus | at 350 | handed down uncertainly, existence unlikely | |
Suffronius (Sophronius) | at 368 (?) | by HW Nopper considered likely | |
Bothadus (Bodardus, Bathodus, Bathadus) | by name not to be assigned to the Roman, but to the Frankish period | ||
Ruthard (Ruthardus) | also to be assigned to the Franconian period | ||
Aureus | before 406 | 436 | first bishop in the list from the Fulda death annals |
Theomast (Theonestus) | The name Theomast / Theonestus is missing from the lists of bishops, but has come down to us in other sources. It is possible that he led the Mainz church instead of the Aureus, who was expelled in 406. | ||
Maximus | last bishop of Roman times | ||
From the middle of the 5th century interruption of the list of bishops, possible vacancy | |||
Sidonius | 589 | Passed down by Venantius Fortunatus around 565 . | |
Sigimund (Sigimundus, incorrectly also Siegbert, Sigiberto) | 587/589 | 610 | |
Leudegasius | 612 | Tested in the chronicle of the so-called Fredegar . | |
Petilinus | Possibly identical to Bothadus. Petilinus would then be a pet form of Bothadus | ||
Lanwaldus | around 650 | ||
Laboaldus | after 661 | According to the prevailing opinion, identical to Riuthard / Ruthardus (see above) from the Codex Bernense. | |
Rigibertus | 708 | 724 | |
Geroldus | 724 | 743 | |
Gewiliobus | 744 | 745 |
Archbishops of Mainz (745–1803)
The Archbishop of Mainz had been one of the electors in the Holy Roman Empire with territorial power in the associated Archbishopric of Mainz since the 13th century at the latest . In addition, a column is inserted for the coat of arms and blazon , as there have been coats of arms since the late Middle Ages and this is where the origin of the Mainz wheel lies. The following people were Archbishops of Mainz:
image | Surname | from | to | Blazon | coat of arms |
Boniface (personal archbishop title) | 745 | 754 | - | - | |
Lullus (Lul) (first archbishop of the newly created archbishopric) | 755 | 786 | - | - | |
Richulf | 787 | 813 | - | - | |
Shark tulph | 813 | 825 | - | - | |
Otgar | 826 | 847 | - | - | |
Rabanus Maurus | 847 | 856 | - | - | |
Charles of Aquitaine ( Carolingian ) | 856 | 863 | - | - | |
Liutbert ( Arch Chancellor ) | 863 | 889 | - | - | |
Sunderold | 889 | 891 | - | - | |
Hatto I. | 891 | 913 | - | - | |
Heriger | 913 | 927 | - | - | |
Hildebert | 927 | 937 | - | - | |
Friedrich | 937 | 954 | - | - | |
Wilhelm ( Liudolfinger ) | 954 | 968 | - | - | |
Hatto II. | 968 | 970 | - | - | |
Ruprecht | 970 | 975 | - | - | |
Willigis | 975 | 1011 | According to legend, the first mention of a wheel. But coats of arms did not exist until the middle of the 13th century. | ||
Erkanbald | 1011 | 1021 | - | - | |
Aribo | 1021 | 1031 | - | - | |
Bardo | 1031 | 1051 | - | - | |
Luitpold I. | 1051 | 1059 | - | - | |
Siegfried I. | 1059 | 1084 | - | - | |
Wezilo | 1084 | 1088 | - | - | |
Ruthard | 1088 | 1109 | - | - | |
Adalbert I of Saarbrücken ( Saargaugrafen ) | 1111 | 1137 | - | - | |
Adalbert II of Saarbrücken ( Saargaugrafen ) | 1138 | 1141 | - | - | |
Markolf | 1141 | 1142 | - | - | |
Heinrich I of Mainz | 1142 | 1153 | - | - | |
Arnold von Selenhofen | 1153 | 1160 | - | - | |
Rudolf von Zähringen | 1160 | - | - | ||
Christian I. of book | 1160 | 1161 | - | - | |
Conrad I of Wittelsbach | 1161 | 1165 | - | - | |
Christian I. of book | 1165 | 1183 | - | - | |
Conrad I of Wittelsbach (cardinal since 1166) | 1183 | 1200 | - | - | |
Leopold II of Schönfeld (schism until 1208) | 1200 | 1208 | - | - | |
Siegfried II. Von Eppstein (schism until 1208) | 1200 | 1230 | - | - | |
Siegfried III. from Eppstein | 1230 | 1249 | Double wheel on coins | - | |
Christian II of Bolanden | 1249 | 1251 | |||
Gerhard I of Dhaun | 1251 | 1259 | |||
Werner von Eppstein | 1259 | 1284 | |||
Heinrich II of Isny | 1286 | 1288 | The seal of peace (Pax Thuringiae) contains an eight-spoke wheel. | - | |
Gerhard II of Eppstein | 1288 | 1305 | |||
Peter von Aspelt | 1306 | 1320 | - | ||
Matthias von Buchegg | 1321 | 1328 | three red roses in gold on stacks (coat of arms of the Counts of Buchegg) | ||
Baldwin of Luxembourg ( administrator ) | 1328 | 1337 | split, the Mainz wheel at the front and 5 times at the back in silver and blue, on it a red gold crowned lion. | ||
Henry III. from Virneburg | 1328 | 1346/1353 (1346-1353 schism) | split in red and gold, the Mainz wheel in front and four over three red alarm clocks in the back | ||
Gerlach of Nassau | 1346/1353 (1346-1353 schism) | 1371 | split in red and blue, in front the Mainz wheel and behind a golden lion | ||
Johann von Luxemburg-Ligny | 1371 | 1373 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in silver a red crowned lion | ||
Ludwig of Meissen | 1374 | 1381 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in gold a red-armored black lion | ||
Adolf I of Nassau | 1381 | 1390 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in blue a golden, red-crowned and red-armored lion accompanied by golden shingles | ||
Konrad II of Weinsberg | 1390 | 1396 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and 2 and 3 in red two silver shields placed over one | ||
Gottfried von Leiningen | 1396 | 1397 | |||
Johann II of Nassau | 1397 | 1419 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in blue a golden, red-crowned and red-armored lion accompanied by golden shingles | ||
Conrad III. from Dhaun | 1419 | 1434 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 also quartered in black with silver lions and silver with red lions | ||
Dietrich Schenk von Erbach | 1434 | 1459 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 each in mixed colors in divided red and silver two silver stars over a red star | ||
Diether von Isenburg | 1459 | 1461 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in silver two black bars | ||
Adolf II of Nassau | 1461 | 1475 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in blue a golden, red-crowned and red-armored lion accompanied by golden shingles | ||
Diether von Isenburg | 1475 | 1482 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in silver two black bars | ||
Adalbert III. of Saxony (administrator) | 1482 | 1484 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 the Saxon shield with diamond wreath | ||
Berthold von Henneberg | 1484 | 1504 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 also quartered in red with a silver, gold-tinned tower and gold with a black hen on a black mountain | ||
Jakob von Liebenstein | 1504 | 1508 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in silver two black bars | ||
Uriel of Gemmingen | 1508 | 1514 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and 2 and 3 in blue two golden bars | ||
Albrecht of Brandenburg (cardinal from 1518) | 1514 | 1545 | Small coat of arms: square, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in silver a red and gold eagle with a clover stem on the chest Large coat of arms: see Albrecht von Brandenburg # coat of arms |
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Sebastian von Heusenstamm | 1545 | 1555 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in silver three red tips from the shield base | ||
Daniel Brendel from Homburg | 1555 | 1582 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in gold a 3-fold jagged red bar | ||
Wolfgang von Dalberg | 1582 | 1601 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and divided into 2 and 3 in gold and blue and with silver lilies in (3: 2: 1) | ||
Johann Adam von Bicken | 1601 | 1604 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and 2 and 3 in black two silver bars | ||
Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg | 1604 | 1626 | quartered, fields 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and fields 2 and 3 also quartered the coat of arms of the Lords of Cronberg (field 1: a golden crown in red, fields 2 and 3: four (2: 2) blue iron hats in silver, field 4: red). | ||
Georg Friedrich von Greiffenclau | 1626 | 1629 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in black a slanted silver key with a beard pointing to the right and accompanied by (4: 4) golden crosses ( Hochstift Worms ), everything is covered by a square center shield. This shows the family coat of arms of the Greiffenclau zu Vollraths family, a golden Glevenrad (a silver ring with eight golden lily sceptres on the outside) in the silver-blue divided field. The increased coat of arms also shows the silver oblique left bar in the black field of the Ippelbrunn lordship. | ||
Anselm Casimir Wambolt von Umstadt | 1629 | 1647 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in black five upright silver tips (3: 2) | ||
Johann Philipp von Schönborn | 1647 | 1673 | Once divided and split twice, the front upper field in red shows three silver tips, underneath in black a silver key placed at an angle and accompanied by (4: 4) golden crosses (Hochstift Worms), in the divided post a Mainz wheel and the fifth field like 2. The middle field shows in red a running golden lion over three silver tips. In the 6th field in blue a servant's flag obliquely left in red and silver. | ||
Lothar Friedrich von Metternich-Burscheid | 1673 | 1675 | Once divided and split twice shows the front upper field and in the 6th field in black a silver key placed obliquely to the left and (4: 4) accompanied by golden crosses (Hochstift Worms), the second field shows in red a silver two-towered castle, each in the divided stake a Mainz wheel and the fifth field in blue a silver cross. The middle field shows three silver shells (2: 1) placed in silver | ||
Damian Hartard von der Leyen | 1675 | 1678 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in black a silver key placed diagonally to the left and accompanied by (4: 4) golden crosses (Hochstift Worms), the center shield is blue with a silver pole. | ||
Karl Heinrich von Metternich-Winneburg | 1679 | 1679 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in black a silver key placed diagonally to the left and accompanied by (4: 4) golden crosses (shingles) (Hochstift - Diocese of Worms), the center shield is quartered and shows the field in red 1 and 4 a zigzag bar in diagonally right and in 2 and 4 three golden hip horns (2: 1) in red and is covered with a heart shield. The heart shield shows three silver shells (2: 1) placed in silver. | ||
Anselm Franz von Ingelheim | 1679 | 1695 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in black a two-row gold-red boxed common cross | ||
Lothar Franz von Schönborn | 1695 | 1729 | Once divided and split twice, the front upper and sixth field in gold shows a black lion covered with a silver sloping bar, underneath in blue silver diamonds 2: 1, which are separated by a silver bar, in the divided post a Mainz wheel and in the fifth red field are arranged as a three-pass three shields. The middle field shows a running golden lion in red over three silver tips. | ||
Franz Ludwig of Pfalz-Neuburg | 1729 | 1732 | In addition to the other elements, a black eagle is armed in silver on a gold central shield and covered with a heart shield, which shows the Mainz wheel. | ||
Philipp Karl von Eltz | 1732 | 1743 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and divided into 2 and 3 in red and silver a golden lion growing upwards looking towards the center of the shield in the red field | ||
Johann Friedrich Karl von Ostein | 1743 | 1763 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in black a slanted silver key with a beard pointing to the right and accompanied by golden crosses (shingles) (Hochstift - Diocese of Worms), everything is covered by a blue center shield with a jumping hound with collar. | ||
Emmerich Joseph von Breidbach zu Bürresheim | 1763 | 1774 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in black a slanted silver key with a beard pointing to the right and accompanied by golden crosses (shingles) (Hochstift - Diocese of Worms), everything is covered by a silver central shield with a red wyvern | ||
Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal | 1774 | 1802 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in black a slanted silver key with a beard pointing to the right and accompanied by golden crosses (shingles) (Hochstift - Diocese of Worms), everything is covered by a golden central shield a black, silver-armored eagle on which there is a square heart sign and shows two silver bars in the red field, while the other blue field is single. A black cross with a narrow silver border with a golden glaive is placed under the central shield | ||
Karl Theodor von Dalberg (only on the right bank of the Rhine) | 1802 | 1803 | The shield is divided and split and shows in fields 1 and 4, on a red background, a silver, six-spoke wheel, the Mainz wheel (Erzstift Mainz), field 2, in black a silver key pointing diagonally upwards, whose beard points to the right and from golden crosses (shingles) accompanied (bishopric - diocese of Worms), field 3 divided in two shows a red cross above on a silver background, ( Hochstift Konstanz ), below in the same motif ( Reichsabtei Reichenau ), below on a gold background two arms protruding from clouds, hold a silver key with a double bit (Propstei Öhningen ). The heart shield shows the coat of arms of the chamberlain of Worms, called Dalberg. quartered, in fields 1 and 4 under a golden shield head divided by three points on a blue background 6 silver lilies (3: 2: 1) placed ( chamberlain of Worms ), fields 2 and 3 on a golden background a black anchor cross (Dalberg (younger branch ) |
Bishops of Mainz since 1802
The following people were or are bishops of Mainz:
image | Surname | from | to | Blazon | coat of arms |
Joseph Ludwig Colmar | 1802 | 1818 | The coat of arms does not show a Mainz wheel - there are several variants, quartered, field 1 on a golden background, black beehive (ark) on which a blue dove sits with a green branch in its beak, field 2 on a red background, a floating golden cross with equal arms (Napoleonic bishop-barons), field 3 on a red background, a silver pilgrim's coat (shield), covered with three (2.1) blue pilgrim clams, field 4 on a gold background, black three-pointed rock, the middle tip with a silver, red burning torch | ||
Joseph Vitus Castle | 1830 | 1833 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in black a silver tower | ||
Johann Jakob Humann | 1833 | 1834 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 in silver a red, growing, sheltered youth holding an ear of wheat and 3 in blue a growing silver lion | ||
Peter Leopold Kaiser | 1834 | 1848 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in blue the golden imperial crown | ||
Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler | 1850 | 1877 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in silver a red boiler hook | ||
Sedisvakanz ( Kulturkampf ) Christoph Moufang ( Capitular Vicar ) |
1877 | 1886 | |||
Paul Leopold Haffner | 1886 | 1899 | quartered, 1 and 4 in red three golden jugs and in 2 and 3 in black a golden lion holding a cross and looking to the center of the shield, the Mainz wheel on the center shield | ||
Heinrich Brück | 1899 | 1903 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in silver a black cross | ||
Georg Heinrich Maria Kirstein | 1904 | 1921 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 blue shows St. Maria with a mandorla and 3 in blue a silver dove turned left, ready to fly, with a branch in its beak | ||
Ludwig Maria Hugo | 1921 | 1935 | Above a black shield base on which a shield with the Mainz wheel rests, the Mainz Cathedral stands in the blue field and a golden star rises at the back | ||
Albert Stohr | 1935 | 1961 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in black a slanted silver key with a beard pointing to the right and accompanied by silver crosses, in the applied silver-black split center shield shows a black feather in front and a silver sword in the back the blade directed towards the upper edge of the shield. | ||
Hermann Volk (cardinal since 1973) | 1962 | 1982 | quartered, 1 and 4 the Mainz wheel and in 2 and 3 in black a slanted silver key, the beard of which points to the right and is accompanied by silver crosses, in the applied blue center shield a silver tower with two oriel towers | ||
Karl Lehmann (cardinal since 2001) | 1983 | 2016 | divided and split at the top, at the top in front the Mainz wheel and in the back in black a silver key with the beard to the right, accompanied by six silver crosses. In the lower golden shield the open red Bible with the Greek letters A and O | ||
Peter Kohlgraf | 2017 | divided and split at the top, at the top in front the Mainz wheel and in the back in black a silver key with the beard to the right, accompanied by six silver crosses. In the lower silver shield three blue wavy lines that should symbolize a river. (There are various thoughts in this. The river connects Mainz and Worms with Kohlgraf's hometown Cologne and his long working place Bonn. In addition, the river is a biblical image. Whoever trusts in God is like a tree that is planted by the water and is rich Bears fruit (Ps 1). In the book of Ezekiel, the prophet narrates a vision in which he sees water flowing out of the temple. Everywhere the river flows, life can grow (Ez 47). This is a description of Kohlgraf's vision for the mission of the Church in this world.) |
See also
literature
- Hans Werner Nopper. The pre-Bonifatian bishops of Mainz. A critical examination of the sources on the beginnings of the diocese of Mainz and the reliability of the lists of bishops. Mülheim an der Ruhr 2001, ISBN 3-8311-2429-9 .
- Jakob Wimpheling : Catalogus Archiepiscoporum Moguntinorum. History of the Archbishops of Mainz. Annotated edition. Introduction and translation from Latin by Sigrid von der Gönna. Verlag Wilhelm Fink, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-7705-4384-7 .
- Friedhelm Jürgensmeier : The diocese of Mainz. From Roman times to the Second Vatican Council. Knecht Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1988, ISBN 3-7820-0570-8 .
Web links
- Directory of the Archbishops of Mainz
- Archdiocese of Mainz - Lexicon of the Middle Ages: Volume VI Column 131
- The history of the coats of arms of the Archbishops and Electors of Mainz by Bernhard Peter
- Regest of the Archbishops of Mainz
Remarks
- ↑ Nopper, Die vorbonifatianischen Mainz Bishops, p. 26.
- ↑ Jürgensmeier, The Diocese of Mainz, p. 14.
- ^ Nopper, Die vorbonifatianischen Mainz Bishops, p. 49.
- ^ Nopper, Die vorbonifatianischen Bischöfe, p. 51.
- ↑ Nopper, Die vorbonifatianischen Mainz Bishops, p. 81.
- ^ Nopper, Die vorbonifatianischen Mainz Bishops, p. 73.
- ^ Nopper, Die vorbonifatianischen Bischöfe, p. 78.
- ^ Declaration on the coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate
- ↑ Das Mainz Rad an der Gera, illustration on p. 38, description on p. 43.
- ↑ First coat of arms that can be seen as a window picture in Mainz Cathedral .
- ↑ Friedhelm Jürgensmeier (ed.): Das Bistum Mainz , Frankfurt 1989, p. 303 / Heinz Leitermann : in Mainzer Almanach , Mainz 1961, p. 128-133; / Henry Simon: Armorial Géneral de l'Empire Français. Paris 1812, Volume 2, P. 53 and T. 52.
- ↑ Domdekan Heckwolf and ceremonial Brantzen presented insignia and coats of arms to the press release of the diocese of Mainz from August 21, 2017