Haplogroup I (Y-DNA)

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Haplogroup of the Y chromosome
Surname I.
Possible time of origin 25,000-30,000 years ago
Possible place of origin Europe
predecessor IJ
successor I1, I2
Mutations L41, M170, M258, P19_1, P19_2, P19_3, P19_4, P19_5, P38, P212, U179
Highest frequencies Bosnian Croats 73.3%, Bosniaks 58%, Dargins 58%, Croatians 43.8-51%, Sweden 44%, Sardinians 42.3%, Bosnian Serbs 31%, Serbs 31.5%, Norwegians 40.3%, Germans 38%, Danes 36%, Icelanders 33%, Kosovar Albanians 30%, Finns 29%, Macedonians 25%, Kurds 25%, Dutch 25%, British + 20%, Romanians + 20%, Bulgarians + 20%

Haplogroup I is a haplogroup of the Y chromosome in human genetics .

Distribution of the haplogroup I.
European ice age settlements before 20,000 BC Chr. The Thames flowed at that time along with the Rhine in the southern North Sea basin .
  • Solutré and Proto-Solutré cultures
  • Epi Gravettian culture
    • .

    origin

    The age of haplogroup I is roughly estimated by the TMRCA (time to the last common ancestor) to be 21,000 years. It is thus roughly at the height of the last glacial period .

    Spatially, the Y-haplogroup I could have survived in a refuge on the Balkan Peninsula as far as the Black Sea. Both can best be combined with the Gravettian culture. This is countered by the find of the IJ * group in northern Iran, which would exclude a European refuge.

    With the retreat of the glaciers, the carriers of this gene spread in northwest Europe, especially in Scandinavia .

    Subgroups

    I (M170)

    • I1 (M253) Widely distributed in Scandinavia and northern Central Europe
      • I1a (DF29)
        • I1a1 (Z2336)
          • I1a1a (M227) So far only found in the Baltic States, Belarus, Poland, France, England and Switzerland
            • I1a1a1 (M72)
          • I1a1b (L22)
            • I1a1b1 (P109) Maximum distribution in southern Scandinavia
            • I1a1b2 (L205) was found in England and the BeNeLux countries
            • I1a1b3 (L287) High distribution around the Gulf of Bothnia / Finland
              • I1a1b3a (L258)
                • I1a1b3a1 (L296)
            • I1a1b4 (L300) Occurs in southern Finland
            • I1a1b5 (L813) High distribution in southern Norway
        • I1a2 (Z58)
          • I1a2a (Z59)
            • I1a2a1 (Z60)
              • I1a2a1a (Z140) Is mainly found in Germany and, to a lesser extent, in France, the BeNeLux states and the British Isles
                • I1a2a1a1 (Z2535)
                  • I1a2a1a1a (L338)
                  • I1a2a1a1b (Z2538)
              • I1a2a1b (Z73) Found in northern Scandinavia and northwestern Russia
              • I1a2a1c (L573) Mainly distributed in Northern Germany
              • I1a2a1d (L1248)
                • I1a2a1d1 (L803) Low distribution in Russia, Germany and England
            • I1a2a2 (Z382) Found mainly in Germany and the British Isles
          • I1a2b (S296)
            • I1a2b1 (Z2541)
        • I1a3 (Z63)
          • I1a3a (L1237)
      • I1b (Z131) Found in Bohemia and Belgium
    • I2 (M438)
      • I2a (L460)
        • I2a1 (P37.2)
          • I2a1a (M26) Found at low frequency in Ireland.
            • I2a1a1 (L160) Dominant haplogroup in Sardinia (founder effect), also found in low frequency in the Pyrenees, the entire Atlantic coast and on islands of the Atlantic from Scotland / Norway to the Sahara / Canary Islands
          • I2a1b (M423) Typical for southern Slavs in the Balkans.
            • I2a1b1 (P41.2)
            • I2a1b2 (L161.1) Occurring sporadically in Ireland and Great Britain.
            • I2a1b3 (L621)
              • I2a1b3a (L147.2)
          • I2a1c (L233)
        • I2a2 (L35)
          • I2a2a (M223) Highest frequency in the Harz Mountains area and in northern Sweden.
            • I2a2a1 (CTS616)
              • I2a2a1a (M284) Found in the UK.
                • I2a2a1a1 (L1195)
                  • I2a2a1a1a (L126)
                  • I2a2a1a1b (L1193)
              • I2a2a1b (L1229) Widespread in Germany, England and Normandy
                • I2a2a1b1 (Z2054)
                  • I2a2a1b1a (L812)
                • I2a2a1b2 (L1230)
              • I2a2a1c (CTS10100)
                • I2a2a1c1 (L701) Central European group
                  • I2a2a1c1a (P78)
                  • I2a2a1c1b (L699)
                    • I2a2a1c1b1 (L704)
                • I2a2a1c2 (Z161) Distribution mainly in Germanic regions
                  • I2a2a1c2a (L801)
                    • I2a2a1c2a1 (CTS1977)
                      • I2a2a1c2a1a (P95)
                      • I2a2a1c2a1b (CTS1858)
                    • I2a2a1c2a2 (CTS6433)
                      • I2a2a1c2a2a (Z78)
                        • I2a2a1c2a2a1 (L1198)
                          • I2a2a1c2a2a1a (Z190)
                            • I2a2a1c2a2a1a1 (Z79)
                    • I2a2a1c2a3 (L1290)
                  • I2a2a1c2b (L623)
            • I2a2a2 (L1228)
          • I2a2b (L38) Occurring in and north of the Alps
            • I2a2b1 (L533) Distribution in Southeast Europe
      • I2b (L415) Occurring in very small numbers in Italy, Germany, Scotland and Iran
      • I2c (L596)
        • I2c1 (L1251) Found in England and Germany and in their periphery
        • I2c2 (CTS7767)
    Evolution tree haplogroups Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA)
    Adam of the Y chromosome
    A00 A0'1'2'3'4
    A0 A1'2'3'4
    A1 A2'3'4
    A2'3 A4 = BCDEF
    A2 A3 B. CT 
    |
    DE CF
    D. E. C. F.
    |
    G IJK H  
    | |
    G1 G2  IJ K 
    | |
    I. J L. K (xLT) T
    | | |
    I1 I2 J1 J2 M. NO P S.
    | |
    | |
    N O Q R.
    |
    R1 R2
    |
    R1a R1b

    See also

    swell

    1. ↑ a b c Vincenza Battaglia, Simona Fornarino, Nadia Al-Zahery, Anna Olivieri, Maria Pala Natalie Myres, Roy J. King, Siiri Rootsi u. a .: Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe . In: European Journal of Human Genetics . tape 17 , no. 6 , December 24, 2008, p. 820-30 , doi : 10.1038 / ejhg.2008.249 , PMID 19107149 , PMC 2947100 (free full text) - ( draganprimorac.com [PDF]).
    2. ↑ I. Nasidze et al: Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus. (pdf, 1.1 MB) In: Annals of Human Genetics. Number 68, 2004, pp. 205-221 , archived from the original on October 30, 2004 ; accessed on June 5, 2019 (in English, reproduced on the website of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology ).
    3. ↑ a b c Distribution of European Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups by country in percentage. In: Eupedia.com. June 2017, accessed June 5, 2019 .
    4. ↑ Tatiana M. Karafet et al: New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree. In: Genome Research , 2008.

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