House Holtheyde

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Haus Holtheyde on a drawing from 1891

The house Holtheyde , also written Holtheide , is a former mansion in the Lower Rhine Wachtendonk . The property is located on the right bank of the Niers on the road from Wachtendonk to Straelen and is one of the oldest buildings in the municipality. It was in the second half of the 16th century by the family of Bylandt built and stands as a monument under monument protection . With Haus Caen and Haus Ingenraedt , two other former aristocratic residences are located around one and 1.3 kilometers away in the immediate vicinity.

description

architecture

Site plan of Haus Holtheyde from around 1891

House Holtehyde is a typical nobility residence of the early modern period as it often occurs on the Lower Rhine. It is a so-called court festival, a closed, four-wing courtyard complex , the manor house of which is integrated into the building quarter. The complex used to be surrounded by a double system of ditches, parts of which have been preserved as a moat on the north and east sides and in the south-west.

The brick complex has its roots in a building from the second half of the 16th century. Diamond cuboids in the foundation area of ​​the wings are an indication that the builder Bertram von Bylandt wanted to build a Renaissance building similar to that of his brother Otto's Rheydt Castle . It is unclear whether this also happened, because the current economic wings on the north, east and south sides, as evidenced by the wall anchors on the courtyard side, only date from the years 1763, 1778 and 1779. Since a renovation in 1906, the interior has only been found Stables. Access to the inner courtyard is provided in the middle of the east side by a gate tower with a segmental archway from the 18th century, to which a stone bridge leads over the moat. Its storeys are closed off by a pyramid roof. Seven pigeon holes show that the gate building also served as a dovecote in the past .

The west wing of the complex was reserved for residential purposes. There was the tenant house and - in the south-west corner of the property - the manor house, which were the oldest parts of House Holtheyde. With its 11 × 8.3 meter floor plan (clear dimensions: 10.2 × 7.2 meters), the stately home is rather small. Its two floors are accessed by a round stair tower on the courtyard side . This probably dates from the last quarter of the 16th century and has a diameter of 2.1 meters. Its slate-covered onion hood , which was renewed in 1986, protrudes far beyond the other roofs of the house. The south side of the manor house has a curved stepped gable with two dovecotes, at the top of which a blinded pinnacle carries a wrought-iron weather vane with the coat of arms of the von Loë family . It is the replacement for an older flag, which bore the year 1759.

A chapel for the property is guaranteed for 1771 . It was located in an extension of the manor house on its east side. The altarpiece in the chapel shows a crucifixion and was painted around 1700. It has been in the Lower Rhine Museum for Folklore and Cultural History in Kevelaer since 1965 .

House Holtheyde used to have an oil mill , which was built around the middle of the 18th century south of the building area on the banks of the Steenbeek. In operation until around 1910, it is now in ruins . The associated mill pond has also dried up in the meantime.

Surroundings

House Holtheyde on the Tranchot card

To the west of the house, some loops of the Niers have been preserved after they were straightened. They were not filled in, as is so often the case in other places, but are now used as fish ponds.

To the south of the house there used to be a strictly geometrical baroque garden based on French models. Today, however, only two parts of it have survived : on the one hand, a four-part yew tree and, on the other hand, a group of three, around 200-year-old, overgrown linden trees with trunks between 3.5 and 5.2 meters in circumference. Both the arbor and the group of trees are protected as natural monuments.

history

House Holtheyde belonged to the glory and to the later office of Wachtendonk. Nothing is known about its early history. Guaranteed knowledge about the history of the property was not available until the 16th century. On October 5, 1562, Bertram von Bylandt, owner of the Pellandt family , bought the Holtheyder facility. He and his wife continued to live on Pellandt. Only after it was destroyed by fire did he and his wife Sophia move from Huys to Holtheyde and have it converted into a representative manor house. According to tradition, the stones for the renovation are said to come from the Pellandt house.

After Bertram's death, the property passed through his son Adrian to his grandson Johann Heinrich von Bylandt. From his marriage to Maria Ernestina von Habaru de Cesse came the daughter Maria Anna, who married Georg Heinrich von Sehern von Rheinfeld. Their daughter Maria Anna Josepha married the Spanish nobleman Hermann Fortunatus de Cabanes on May 3, 1706, and brought Haus Holtheyde to his family. In 1750, the new owner received permission to build an oil mill on Steenbeek, which he did. Hermann Fortunatus' and Maria Anna's son Joseph Aegidius Dominus bequeathed the property to his son Philipp Raphael Caspar, counselor at the court in Geldern, when he died on June 24, 1782 . Via his son Joseph Aegidius it came to Philipp Raphael's granddaughter Josephine Cäcilia, who on September 19, 1833 married the owner of House Caen, Count Carl Ludwig Franz von Varo, and brought House Holtheyde into their marriage. The connection remained without children, and because Josephina Cäcilia's sister Katharina Henriette Agnes died unmarried and therefore also without children, the Caen lines of Varo and de Cabanes died out.

Haus Holtheye on a measuring table from the Prussian first recording

Haus Holtheyde and Haus Caen came to Carl Ludwig's great cousin Rudolf Adolph Geyr von Schweppenburg in 1876 , to whom Haus Ingenraedt already belonged through his marriage to Emerentia von Ruys zu Nieuwenbroeck. When he died in 1907, his children inherited the property and, according to their father's testamentary provision, left it undivided for the time being. During the Second World War , the Duisburg Museum of Culture and City History used the facility as a satellite storage facility in order to protect parts of its collections from destruction. The evacuated stocks were returned to Duisburg in July 1946. In the same year, Haus Holtheyde came to Rudolph Adoph Blasius Felix Joseph Hubert Maria von Loë , because his mother Johanna was a daughter of Rudolf Adolph Geyr von Schweppenburg. Like his ancestors, he did not live in the property himself, but had it managed by tenants. Since 1911 this has been the Linssen family who ran Haus Holtheyde as a farm. After Rudolf Adoph von Loë's death, his son Franz-Joseph took over the inheritance. He had the complex restored to preserve it for posterity. His family is still the owner of the house today.

literature

Web links

Commons : Haus Holtheyde  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ^ Hanns Ott: Rhenish water castles. History, forms, functions. Weidlich, Würzburg 1984, ISBN 3-8035-1239-5 , p. 80.
  2. ^ Adolf Kaul: Geldrische castles, palaces and mansions. 1976, p. 235.
  3. ^ Stefan Frankewitz: The Lower Rhine and its castles, palaces, mansions on the Niers. 2011, pp. 316-317.
  4. ↑ a b Stefan Frankewitz: The Lower Rhine and its castles, palaces, mansions on the Niers. 2011, p. 317.
  5. ↑ a b Josef Jennen: The Holtheyde house near Wachtendonk and its residents. 1997, p. 242.
  6. ^ Adolf Kaul: Geldrische castles, palaces and mansions. 1976, p. 70.
  7. ^ A b Paul Clemen: The art monuments of the district of Geldern. 1891, p. 89.
  8. ^ Stefan Frankewitz: The Lower Rhine and its castles, palaces, mansions on the Niers. 2011, pp. 317-318.
  9. ↑ a b Stefan Frankewitz: The Lower Rhine and its castles, palaces, mansions on the Niers. 2011, p. 318.
  10. ^ Stefan Frankewitz: The Lower Rhine and its castles, palaces, mansions on the Niers. 2011, p. 319.
  11. ↑ Entry by the Lindengruppe on altbaumfinder-nrw.de , accessed on July 5, 2017.
  12. ↑ Bernd Fehrmann, Stefanie Windisch: Overall spatial plan concept for the representation of concentration zones for wind turbines in the land use plan (FNP) of the municipality Wachtendonk. April 2016, p. 60 ( PDF ; 3.7 MB).
  13. ^ Stefan Frankewitz: The Lower Rhine and its castles, palaces, mansions on the Niers. 2011, p. 311.
  14. ↑ There are different information about the time of the fire in the literature. Both 1578 and 1583 as well as 1587 can be found.
  15. ^ Karl Emerich Krämer : From castle to castle on the Lower Rhine. Volume 2, 2nd edition. Mercator, Duisburg 1985, ISBN 3-87463-076-5 , p. 34.
  16. ↑ a b Stefan Frankewitz: The Lower Rhine and its castles, palaces, mansions on the Niers. 2011, p. 314.
  17. ↑ Peter Dunas: From the “Commission for the Preservation and Collection of Duisburg Antiquities” to the “Duisburg Museum of Culture and City History”. A documentation. In: Susanne Sommer, Peter Dunas (ed.): Culture and City History Museum Duisburg, 1902–2002. Festschrift for the 100th anniversary (= Duisburg research. Volume 48). Mercator, Duisburg 2002, ISBN 3-87463-335-7 , p. 215.
  18. ^ Stefan Frankewitz: The Lower Rhine and its castles, palaces, mansions on the Niers. 2011, p. 316.

Coordinates: 51 ° 25 ′ 54 ″  N , 6 ° 18 ′ 46.5 ″  E