Pike herbs
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The pike herbs ( Pontederia ) are a genus of plants within the water hyacinth family (Pontederiaceae). The six or so species are swamp and aquatic plants of the New World .
description
Appearance and leaves
Pontederia styles are usually persistent , sometimes one-year herbaceous plants . These marsh or aquatic plants take root in the muddy soil . The submerged stems grow to the surface of the water or rhizomes are present.
There is heterophyllia . The submerged, flooding or standing above the water surface leaves are arranged in basal rosettes and seated or distributed on the stem and stalked. The leaf blades of the underwater leaves are linear. The simple leaf blades of the other leaves are heart- to kidney-shaped with a blunt to pointed upper end. There is parallel veining , with the leaf veins running more or less in arcs depending on the shape of the blade.
Inflorescences and flowers
The submersed to the water surface or emersed, glandular-downy or finely hairy inflorescence shafts are somewhat narrowed below the first node (Nodium). There are two different high leaves (bracts) present, the lower is foliage leaf like. The other bract is a folded spathe with a pointed to pointed upper end. The annual inflorescences lengthen during the flowering period and usually contain 50 or more flowers. There are only barely recognizable or short flower stalks.
The hermaphrodite flowers, which are only open for one day, are zygomorphic and threefold. The six unequal bracts are fused together in a funnel shape up to about half their length. The bald or glandular hairy bracts are mauve, blue or white. The free area of the bracts is double-lipped. The three-lobed upper lip has a wider middle lobe with a yellow spot; the lower lip is also trilobed. The free areas of the bracts are elongated to obscure-lanceolate with a blunt to pointed upper end. Heterostyly (here tristyly) is present in some species . The lower three of the six stamens have shorter purple stamens than the upper ones. The yellow anthers are ovate to oblong. The three pistils have become a top permanent, dreikammerigen ovary grown, but only one carpel develops until fruit ripening. There is only one ovule . There are one to three styluses available.
Fruits and seeds
An egg-shaped fruit tube is formed, which has prickly, toothed or smooth longitudinal furrows. The solitary nut fruit is egg-shaped with a smooth surface.
distribution
The genus Pontederia is widespread in the New World . The Pontederia species thrive in freshwater or marshland along the coast. The center of biodiversity is in Central America.
Some species are neophytes in tropical to subtropical areas.
Systematics
The genus Pontederia was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , Tomus 1, p. 288. As Lectotypusart in 1913 by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Addison Brown in An illustrated flora of the northern United States, ... , 2nd Edition, Vol 1, p 462 Pontederia cordata L. fixed. Synonyms for Pontederia L. are: Michelia Adans. nom. illegal, Narukila Adans. , Umsema Raf. , Unisema Raf. , Pontederas Hoffmanns. , Reussia Endl. nom. cons., Kadakia Raf. , Hirschtia K.Schum. ex Schwartz . The last revision of the genus Pontederia took place in 1973 by Richard Max Lowden in A revision of the genus Pontederia L. in Rhodora , Volume 75, pp. 426-487.
The genus Pontederia belongs to the Pontederiaceae family .
There are about six types of Pontederia :
- Heart-leaved pike-perch ( Pontederia cordata L. ): The distribution area extends from eastern Canada to Venezuela, Cuba, Brazil and Argentina.
- Pontederia parviflora Alexander : The homeland is Panama, Colombia, northwestern Venezuela and Brazil.
- Round-leaved Pickerel weed ( Pontederia rotundifolia L. F. ; Syn .: Reussia rotundifolia Castellanos ): The home is Mexico and the tropical Central and South America.
- Pontederia sagittata C. Presl : Home is Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama and eastern Brazil.
- Pontederia subovata (Seub.) Lowden : The home is tropical South America.
- Pontederia triflora (Seub.) G.Agostini, D.Velázquez & J.Velásquez : It occurs from eastern Colombia to Guyana and eastern Bolivia.
use
Some species are used as ornamental plants for ponds. Most commonly, Pontederia cordata is used in pond and swamp areas of parks and gardens.
The seeds of Pontederia cordata are eaten raw, cooked like rice or dried and ground into flour. The seeds have a nutty taste raw and should also taste very good when lightly roasted in the oven. The young stalks are eaten raw or cooked beforehand. All parts of the plant can be used raw or cooked as part of salads, such as spinach, or in soups.
Name declaration
The genus name Pontederia honors the Italian botanist Giulio Pontedera (1688–1757).
swell
- Charles N. Horn: Pontederiaceae : Pontederia , p. 45. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 26 - Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 (Description section).
- Richard Max Lowden: A revision of the genus Pontederia L. In: Rhodora. Volume 75, 1973, pp. 426-487.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Charles N. Horn: Pontederiaceae : Pontederia , p. 45. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 26 - Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Genus Pontederia. Entry in the New South Wales Flora Online. Retrieved February 12, 2013.
- ↑ Caroli Linnaei : Species plantarum. P. 288 (first published, 1753).
- ^ Pontederia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 12, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Pontederia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 9, 2018.
- ^ Pontederia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 12, 2013.
- ↑ Christel Kasselmann : aquarium plants. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1995; 2nd, revised and expanded edition 1999, ISBN 3-8001-7454-5 , p. 403.
- ^ A b Pontederia cordata at Plants For A Future . Retrieved February 18, 2013.
