Herwart Fischer

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Herwart Fischer (born July 26, 1885 in Boitzenburg ( Uckermark ), † March 13, 1938 in Babelsberg ) was a German forensic doctor and university professor in Würzburg .

Life

Herwart Fischer was the son of a pharmacist and attended the Naumburg High School as a schoolboy . After graduating from high school, he studied medicine at the Philipps University of Marburg from 1904 . In 1905 he became active in the Corps Hasso-Nassovia . As an inactive , he moved to the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , to which he returned after a stopover in Paris . In mid-May 1910 he passed the state examination in Bonn. In the same year he came because of a duel in imprisonment in Wesel . On October 1, 1911, he was licensed as a doctor . He then worked for a short time in Paderborn at the von Bodelschwinghschen Anstalten Bethel (1911) and as a volunteer assistant in Bonn's pathology department (1912). In 1912 he was promoted to Dr. med. PhD . In 1913 he worked in the hospital of Kleinwechselungen .

First World War

After Fischer had served in Infantry Regiment No. 158 (Paderborn) in autumn 1911, he took part in this as a medical officer for the entire duration of the First World War. From September 2, 1914 to February 11, 1915 he served as a war volunteer and sub-doctor in (Meiningen) with Res. I./Regiment 233 of the 51st Reserve Division (German Empire) , from February 12 to June 25, 1915 as Assistant doctor d. R. in the field hospital 10 of VI. Army Corps , in June / July 1915 in the foot artillery regiment 4, then until 30 June 1916 in the grenadier regiment 11. From July 1 to October 12, 1916 he was in French captivity . In March / April 1917 he was back in the army as a department doctor of the radio operator replacement department 1. Then he served until January 30, 1920 (well beyond the end of the war) in the fortress hospital in Breslau, since November 23, 1917 as senior physician d . R. There he joined a volunteer corps .

East Prussia and Breslau

After completing the state medical exam in Berlin in 1919, Fischer turned to forensic medicine . In 1920 he was a district assistant doctor and chief doctor of the quarantine station in Prostken in East Prussia . From May 1, 1920 to April 30, 1925 he was a forensic doctor in the catchment area of ​​the district courts of Breslau, Brieg and Oels and assistant at the forensic institute of the Silesian Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität , first under Adolf Lesser and after his death under Georguppe . Since December 1, 1921, he was the Prussian forensic doctor. After completing his habilitation in early July 1923 , he became a private lecturer in forensic and social medicine at the University of Breslau on July 12, 1923 .

In 1919 he joined the German National People's Party (DNVP) (local group Breslau), of which he remained a member until 1921. In 1922 the even more radical Deutschvölkische Freiheitspartei (DVFP) split off from the DNVP, which Fischer joined and remained a member until it was dissolved.

Fischer married the daughter of his teacher Liselotteuppe . On May 15, 1920 he became a corps bow bearer of the Rhenania Bonn .

Wurzburg

On May 1, 1925 he was appointed as extraordinary, d. H. Unemployed professor and director of the Institute for Forensic and Social Medicine appointed to the University of Würzburg . Part-time he was responsible for the forensic medical business at the Würzburg district court until 1930. On March 18, 1931 he was given the full professorship for forensic and social medicine.

Since 1 September 1930, Fischer member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) ( membership number 299048), already two and a half years before the seizure of power of Hitler. Later he was Gauobmann in the Nazi Medical Association for Lower Franconia. Fischer, who campaigned for the election of the NSDAP on July 29, 1932 before the Reichstag election with 50 other university lecturers, was involved in plans for reformed medical studies with Hans Reiter and Franz Wirz after the transfer of power to the National Socialists .

Of the 145 Würzburg university professors, Fischer was one of two who signed the Nazi Party’s Reichstag election campaign in 1933; the other was the chemist Wilhelm Jander .

On August 28, 1933, Fischer was appointed rector of the University of Würzburg with effect from October 15, 1933 . Subsequently, he found the unanimous approval of the Senate as a new rector, which the “general mood of the teaching staff” would have wanted. Fischer led the rectorate in the spirit of the Führer principle . From November 1933 to December 1934 he was also the leader of the Reich Association of German Universities .

On November 30, 1934, he was suspended from office because he had committed a moral offense under Section 174 no. 1 StGB had been charged and taken into custody. The district court in Würzburg sentenced him to one and a half years in prison on June 1, 1935. In addition, he was banned from holding public office for three years. The 1st Criminal Senate of the Reichsgericht confirmed the judgment on August 20, 1935. The arrest warrant against Fischer was not carried out. Shortly afterwards, on August 24, 1935, he was officially dismissed from university and his expulsion from the party on June 1, 1935 was confirmed by the Main Franconian Gaugericht on September 12, 1935 after a trial before the NSDAP's Supreme Party Court. Fischer died in March 1938 at the age of 53.

Honors

literature

  • Michael Grüttner : Biographical Lexicon on National Socialist Science Policy (= Studies on Science and University History. Volume 6). Synchron, Heidelberg 2004, ISBN 3-935025-68-8 , p. 49.
  • Friedrich Herber: Forensic medicine under the swastika. Voltmedia, Paderborn 2006, ISBN 3-938478-57-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Full name according to: Friedrich Herber: Forensic medicine under the swastika. Militzke, Leipzig 2002, ISBN 3-86189-249-9 , p. 155.
  2. ↑ Life data according to Ernst Klee : Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich , Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 153. Friedrich Herber: Forensic medicine under the swastika. Militzke, Leipzig 2002, ISBN 3-86189-249-9 , gives May 20, 1937 as the date of death on p. 155.
  3. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1960, 99/799
  4. ↑ Dissertation: Numerous malformations in a fetus and a case of a double ulna formation .
  5. ↑ IR 158
  6. ^ A b c Friedrich Herber: Forensic medicine under the swastika. Militzke, Leipzig 2002, ISBN 3-86189-249-9 , p. 155.
  7. ^ Klaus Vassel: Corps history of Hasso-Nassovia zu Marburg 1839-1954. A retelling , Vol. 2. Marburg 1981, p. 289.
  8. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1996, 127/738
  9. ↑ Personal files in the archive of the University of Würzburg
  10. ^ A b Friedrich Herber: Forensic medicine under the swastika. Militzke, Leipzig 2002, ISBN 3-86189-249-9 , p. 156.
  11. ^ Friedrich Herber: Forensic medicine under the swastika. Militzke, Leipzig 2002, ISBN 3-86189-249-9 , pp. 155-156.
  12. ↑ Ute Felbor: Racial Biology and Hereditary Science in the Medical Faculty of the University of Würzburg 1937–1945. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1995, ISBN 3-88479-932-0 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Supplement 3.) - At the same time: Dissertation Würzburg 1995), p. 158 f.
  13. ^ A b Friedrich Herber: Forensic medicine under the swastika. Militzke, Leipzig 2002, ISBN 3-86189-249-9 , p. 157.
  14. ↑ Peter Baumgart : The rector as leader? The Würzburg university administration during the Nazi era. In: Peter Baumgart (Ed.): The University of Würzburg in the crises of the first half of the 20th century. Sources and research on the history of the diocese and monastery of Würzburg. Schöningh, Würzburg 2002, p. 24.
personal data
SURNAME Fischer, Herwart
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Fischer, Herwart Victor Gottlieb (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German forensic doctor
DATE OF BIRTH July 26, 1885
PLACE OF BIRTH Boitzenburger Land
DATE OF DEATH March 13, 1938
Place of death Babelsberg