Hirschfelde (Werneuchen)

Hirschfelde City of Werneuchen
Coordinates: 52 ° 38 ′ 10 ″  N , 13 ° 48 ′ 0 ″  E
Height :	93 m
Area :	17 km²
Residents :	311  (2004)
Population density :	18 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	October 26, 2003
Postal code :	16356
Area code :	033398

Hirschfelde is a district of the city of Werneuchen . The city belongs to the district of Barnim in the state of Brandenburg . Until October 25, 2003, Hirschfelde was an independent municipality within the Werneuchen office . In the Hirschfelde district of Werneuchen, 311 people live on 17  km² (as of 2004), which corresponds to a population density of 18.3 inhabitants per km².

geography

Hirschfelde is located in the Barnimer Feldmark Regional Park on the border between the Barnim district and the Märkisch-Oderland district . It lies between the places Werneuchen and Tiefensee in the north and Gielsdorf in the south on a country road that connects the federal highway 158 with Strausberg . The landscape around Hirschfelde is shaped by the properties of the Ice Age ground moraine Barnim . The flat, slightly undulating landscape extends to the north and west.

Origin of the name

Whether the animal family of deer was the godfather for the place name is controversial. "Heeresfelde" is sometimes also mentioned as the origin of the name "Hirschfelde". Hirschfelde is located on a former military road on which Napoléon Bonaparte later moved against Russia. However, there is no general answer, as the name goes back further than the Napoleonic Wars .

Between 1317 and 1332 a Johannes von Hersfeld (from Hersfelde ) is named as provost of the Benedictine convent Spandau .

history

Romanesque church tower of the field stone church of Hirschfelde

The Brandenburg village of Hirschfelde was first mentioned in a document in 1268. It belonged to the Zinna monastery for about 100 years . Since 1450 the village was owned by the locator family of the Knights of Krummensee . Later it changes hands more often. In 1586 Hirschfelde became a manor and in 1753 it came into the possession of the Prussian Minister of Justice Levin-Friedrich von Bismarck , who bequeathed it to his son August Wilhelm von Bismarck when he died in 1774 .

The deer sculpture by Louis Tuaillon

Hirschfelde achieved a cultural heyday at the beginning of the 20th century through the owner of the manor at the time , the Berlin entrepreneur and patron Eduard Arnhold . He bought the estate in 1904, then had the manor house rebuilt by the architect Paul Baumgarten and the park rebuilt as a sculpture park. In 1907 he founded the Johannaheim in Werftpfuhl as an orphanage for young girls. The best-known student at the orphan school was the actress Brigitte Helm , who was discovered by director Fritz Lang at a private performance of Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream on the natural stage in Arnholds Gutspark in Hirschfelde, and whom he starred in his film Metropolis . Today the Kurt Löwenstein youth education center is housed in the Johannaheim . The bronze statue of a stag, created by the Berlin sculptor Louis Tuaillon , on the village green with the puddles still reminds of this time and the art patron Arnhold. The remains of the park are now a listed building .

Arnhold died in 1925. The estate initially remained in the possession of the family, who had to flee after the Nazi takeover in 1933. Now the estate came into the possession of the opera singer Carl Clewing , who owned it until 1945. After 1945 the entire estate was relocated as part of the land reform . The manor building became partly public property with different legal entities. A kindergarten, after-school care center, crèche, apartments and the community nurse were housed in the manor house. In the 1990s, the manor house and other estate areas were privatized.

Horse breeding is now practiced in the manor house and the neighboring stables. Other of the listed buildings of the historic manor district, such as the former administrator's house, the distillery and individual former tenant farms in the village, are also inhabited and partly used for agriculture. The striking and widely visible water tower has been privately owned and is under renovation for years. The arable land around the village is increasingly being cultivated by locals again.

The medieval Brandenburg village church ( choir square church with tower) from the 13th century, which is also listed, belongs to the parish of Gielsdorf and was re-covered in 2015.

The manor

Manor house of the manor

Hirschfelde manor around 1860

The center of Hirschfeld has always been the manor. The manor house itself has been repeatedly expanded, changed and modernized by the various owners. Thanks to Eduard Arnhold, electricity and central heating already existed at the beginning of the 20th century, and a water tower supplied the place with water. Other buildings also belonged to the manor . There was, for example, a neighboring farmyard, a horse stable and the coach house for the carriages and horse-drawn carriage, an own schnapps distillery , the administrator's house and a kindergarten next to the church.

There were several small farms in the village, which were probably owned by small farmers. The buildings were built in the style of the region: from red bricks, the foundation walls partly also from hewn field stones. A stone wall framed the park. The park was later enlarged and a second stone wall was built for this purpose. However, both have now almost completely disintegrated. Apparently their stones were used after 1945 to build new houses in the village.

The park

Kastanienallee with the remains of the former fountain

The park is largely thanks to the art patron Eduard Arnhold . Today one can only guess at its former splendor. An old amphitheater has now recaptured the vegetation, the park walls have crumbled apart from a remnant at the old forestry in the Akazienallee.

At the beginning of the 20th century, a fountain adorned the axis of Kastanienallee with a view of a sculpture on one of the side wings of the manor house. The precious well was an excavation from Herculaneum on Vesuvius , today grass grows in the sandstone basin and the precious white marble railing is missing - and the water. Many of the sculptures that Arnhold collected in order to decorate the park with them are either nowhere to be found or have been destroyed; some of them have been in the possession of foreign communities for years - the question of ownership often cannot be resolved. There is a bull made of white Carrara marble, also created by Tuaillon, in the spa gardens of Bad Freienwalde (Oder) .

Only the deer statue, which now adorns the village center at a new location, is still there in Hirschfelde itself. Originally it stood in the middle of the manor house. The Soviet armed forces took the deer with them in 1945 after the end of the war when the village of Hirschfelde was deserted (the inhabitants had been evacuated immediately before the Soviet invasion) and set it up on the barracks in front of the officers' mess at the Werneuchen military airfield . After the German reunification , the city of Werneuchen returned the statue to Hirschfelde. Since then, the stag has stood by the lake in the center of the village.

politics

coat of arms

The coat of arms with the golden stag on a blue background and a silver branch of oak leaves was designed by the heraldist Frank Diemar .

Project "Model Village Hirschfelde"

In 2010 the city council of Werneuchen unanimously endorsed the initiative of the association Alternatives for the Future, founded in 2006 . V. for a "model village Hirschfelde". Based on the project conceived in 2007 by the association under the direction of Sonja Moor, the association Alternative for the Future (AfZ) would like to "create values ​​together in an asshole-free zone (afz)." In particular, this means the use of locally produced products organic farming. The initiative is supported by part of the population, but has also met with criticism from another part. On March 12, 2011, a cooperative-run “mom and pop shop ” opened as part of the project in the town's former consumer retail outlet, which is also intended to serve as a “gossip, small credit bank and cultural café”. The Slow Food association, which has a base in the village , also wants to take part in the implementation of the “Hirschfelde Model Village” project .

Personalities

• Eduard Arnhold (1849–1925), entrepreneur and patron of the arts (owner of the manor and redesign of the park into a sculpture park)
• Carl Clewing (1884–1954), actor, chamber singer and composer (every day is not Sunday) was the owner of the Hirschfelde manor from 1933 to 1945
• Brigitte Helm (1906 / 08–1996), actress, leading actress in Metropolis , lived in Johannaheim and was discovered by director Fritz Lang in Hirschfelde
• Dieter Moor (* 1958), TV presenter, actor, reporter, producer and singer (has lived in Hirschfelde since 2003)

literature

• Michael Dorrmann: Eduard Arnhold (1849–1925) - A biographical study on entrepreneurship and patronage in the German Empire . 2002, ISBN 3-05-003748-2
• Gregor Geismeier: Hirschfelde - From lords and good lords . In: Die Mark Brandenburg , issue 34, 1999
• Dieter Moor: You don't need what we don't have. Stories from the asshole free zone . Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek near Hamburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-499-62475-9 - A reminiscence of Hirschfelde without explicitly naming it.

Web links

Commons : Hirschfelde (Barnim)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Local and historical views

• Hirschfelde on the website of local researcher Martin Kuban
• Hirschfelde (on the website of the city of Werneuchen)
• About Hirschfelde and his patron Eduard Arnhold ( Memento from June 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
• Hirschfelde in the Alexander Duncker Collection (PDF; 200 kB)
• Manor house with history and previous owners
• Hirschfelde in the RBB program Landschleicher on June 15, 2014

Individual evidence

1. ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2003
2. ^ Joachim Pohl: The Benedictine nunnery of St. Marien zu Spandau and the church institutions of the city of Spandau in the Middle Ages. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 1996, ISBN 3-412-03496-7 , pp. 144–168.
3. ↑ Hirschfelde - history. (No longer available online.) Www.barnim.de, formerly in the original ; Retrieved April 8, 2011 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
4. ↑ http://www.moz.de/artikel-ansicht/dg/0/1/1389170 Article in the Märkische Oderzeitung
5. ↑ Hirschfelde and its important art treasures. www.werneuchen.com, archived from the original on January 5, 2009 ; Retrieved April 8, 2011 . 
6. ↑ Alternatives for the future e. V. - About us. www.afz-netz.de, accessed on April 8, 2011 . 
7. ↑ Hirschfelde Model Village - Fair & Regional. www.modelldorf-hirschfelde.de, accessed on April 8, 2011 . 
8. ↑ The media builder . In: Der Spiegel . No. 11 , 2011 ( online ).
9. ↑ “You don't need what we don't have.” That no longer applies. (No longer available online.) Www.hirschfelder-genossenschaft.de, archived from the original on January 20, 2011 ; Retrieved April 8, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
10. ^ Title, theses, animal breeding - moderator Dieter Moor starts a model test with his organic farm. In: Weser-Kurier , January 11, 2011.
11. ↑ Slow Food Germany e. V. - Hirschfelde base of the Barnim-Oderland convivium. www.slowfood.de, accessed on April 8, 2011 .