Hofgarten (Munich)

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Hofgarten in Munich
Aerial view
Hofgarten in Munich with the Theatine Church in the background
Hofgarten in Munich with a nymph fountain, arcades

The Hofgarten is a baroque park on the northern edge of Munich's old town .

history

The history of the Munich court garden at today's location began in 1560 under Duke Albrecht of Bavaria with the construction of a new Renaissance garden with a (not preserved) pleasure house north of an older complex from the early 16th century. 1613–1617, Maximilian I , Elector of Bavaria, expanded the complex to what it is today.

The main entrance today on the west side is the Hofgartentor (1816) facing the Theatinerkirche , Leo von Klenze's first building in Munich . The courtyard garden is bordered on two sides by arcades ; in the northern, the 1780 / 1781 by Charles Albert of Lespilliez built Chur Princely Gallery at the gallery street, there is the German Theater Museum , in the western telling frescoes by Peter Cornelius episodes from the history of the house of Wittelsbach . In the north-west there is a commercial building (" bazaar building ") built in the context of a new residential area in 1822 (or 1826 ), which replaced the former tournament building. To the south, the Hofgarten closes off a facade of the Munich Residence , the ballroom building with the New Hercules Hall . On the east side of the Hofgarten is the Bavarian State Chancellery , the central building of which is the preserved dome of the Bavarian Army Museum building , which was largely destroyed in the Second World War . Before the Army Museum was built in 1905, the Hofgarten barracks had stood here since 1807 ; previously three Renaissance-era pleasure houses . The Munich war memorial has been located at the eastern end of the Hofgarten since the 1920s .

In the middle of the court garden is a pavilion, the Diana temple , which was laid out by Heinrich Schön the Elder (1615). The courtyard garden's crossroads, which determine its structure, extend from the eight arches of the pavilion. The four inside wall fountains adorned with shells, which are mentioned in André Gide's The Fruits of the Earth , are characteristic. The roof of the Temple of Diana is adorned with a copy of the Tellus Bavaria bronze statue by Hubert Gerhard from 1623. The original is now on display as part of the bronze collection in the four-bay hall of the Munich Residence . The fountains in the Hofgarten are powered by water from the Hofbrunnwerk .

After the Second World War, in which the courtyard garden was destroyed, a compromise was found between style elements of an English landscape garden , which was created here as a tree garden in the mid-19th century, and the original design of the 17th century. Towards the residence, the courtyard garden was built according to the original plans (1853) by Carl Effner senior. designed with the plant beds typical of the mid-19th century.

From July to November 1937, the propaganda exhibition “Degenerate Art” , organized by the National Socialists , took place in the northern Hofgarten arcades . The memorial erected in 1996 on the arcade of the Bavarian State Chancellery to commemorate the resistance against the Nazi dictatorship is a reminder of this .

literature

  • Adrian von Buttlar, Traudl Bierler-Rolly (ed.): The Munich court garden. Contributions to securing evidence . Munich 1988.
  • (Collected work) Monuments at the Munich Hofgarten - research and reports on planning history and the historical building stock . Munich 1988.
  • Arnold Lemke (eds.), Beate Gaßdorf, Walter Kiefl: The court garden in Munich. Declaration of love to boules . Volk Verlag, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-937200-44-6 .
  • In the Munich Hofgarten . In: The Gazebo . Issue 20, 1882 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).

Web links

Commons : Hofgarten  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Anna Bauer-Wild: The pleasure house Albrechts V. and its ceiling paintings . In: Monuments at the Münchner Hofgarten - research and reports on planning history and historical buildings . Munich 1988, pp. 28-44. Michael Petzet: The arcades at the lower court garden and the Munich architecture of the Renaissance . In: Monuments at the Münchner Hofgarten - research and reports on planning history and historical buildings . Munich 1988. pp. 9-27.
  2. ↑ Helga Pfoertner: Living with the story, Volume 1 ( German , PDF; 1.0 MB) p. 223. 2001. Archived from the original on April 28, 2014. Retrieved on January 25, 2011.

Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 34 "  N , 11 ° 34 ′ 48"  E