Hvězdov

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Hvězdov
Hvězdov does not have a coat of arms
Hvězdov (Czech Republic)
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Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Liberecký kraj
District : Česká Lípa
Municipality : Ralsko
Geographic location : 50 ° 38 '  N , 14 ° 47'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 38 '18 "  N , 14 ° 46' 54"  E
Height: 280  m nm
Residents : 97 (2011)
Postal code : 471 24
License plate : L.
traffic
Street: Mimoň - Hvězdov
Row houses in Hvězdov
Alluvial forest at Ploužnický potok

Hvězdov (German Höflitz ) is a district of the city of Ralsko in the Czech Republic . It is located five kilometers southeast of the center of Mimoň and belongs to the Okres Česká Lípa .

geography

Hvězdov extends below the confluence of the Svébořický creek ( Schwabitzer Bach ) on the right bank of the Ploužnický potok in the Ralská pahorkatina ( Rollberg hill country ). In Hvězdov the Ploužnický is creek in the ponds Hvězdovský rybník I, II and III and at the eastern edge in Ploužnický rybník ( Plauschnitzer pond ) jammed against the north-east line the Svébořický brook the ponds Mlýnský rybník ( Höflitzer pond ) Hvězdovský rybník IV, Novodvorsky rybník I or Tankáč, II and III ( Neuhofteiche ) together. To the east is the Židlov wildlife park. To the north rise the Ralsko ( Rollberg , 696 m) and the Písčitý Kopec (386 m), in the northeast the Velký Jelení vrch ( Great Deer Mountain, 514 m), the Hradový vrch, the Zaječí vrch ( Hasenberg , 337 m) and the Brada (406 m), southeast of the Selský vrch ( Landberg , 383 m), the Borová (360 m) and the Bor (361 m) and in the south the Lada (355 m), the Čertova zeď ( Devil's Wall , 337 m) and the Červený vrch ( Rother Hübel , 299 m).

Neighboring towns are Vranov ( Rabendorf ), Pavlín ( Paulinenhof ), Velké Ralsko ( Großroll ) and the Volmanova vila desert in the north, Nový Dvůr ( Neuhof ) and the Svébořice ( Schwabitz ) and Novina ( Bohemian Neuland ) in the northeast, Zbynská ( Pinskei ) and the desert areas Palohlavy ( Halbehaupt ), Olšina ( Wolschen ) and Okna ( Woken ) in the east, the desert areas Dolní Okna ( Heide ), Jappenček ( Gablonz ) and Židlov ( Schiedel ) in the southeast, Skelná Huť and Kuřívody in the south, Ploužnice ( Plauschnitz) ) in the southwest, Boreček in the west and Mimoň in the northwest.

history

Hvězdov was probably founded at the beginning of the 16th century. The first written record about the castle Devin associated village Hwiezdow took place in 1516. The Ploužnický Potok ( Höflitzer or Plauschnitzer Bach ) was the border between the dominions Devin (later Niemes ) and Chicken Creek (later chicken and white water ). The favorable location on a trade route leading from Prague via Weißwasser and Hühnerwasser to Zittau allowed Hvězdov to grow rapidly, as did Ploužnice on the opposite side of the Hühnerwasserer. The part upstream above the mouth of the Schwabitzer Bach was called Neu-Höflitz , later called Neudorf . For the first time in 1578 a distinction was made between Old and New Hofflicz . When the Niemes rule was sold to Karl Masanetz von Frimburg in 1601, both villages were referred to as Hwiezdow Starau and Hwiezdow Nowau , and later the German name Höflitz was used exclusively . Johann Müllner von Mühlhausen, who had acquired Niemes in 1604, lost control after the battle of the White Mountain . In 1623 the court chamber pledged the rule to Johann Zeidler called Hofmann , who three years later also inherited it. In 1651 the Zeidlers von Berbisdorf sold the rule to Johann Putz zu Adlersthurn, who in 1671 had the chapel built on the Höflitz cemetery and 15 chapels on the way between Niemes and Schwabitz. In the berní rula of 1654, 24 farms are designated for Höflitz. From Adlersthurn's heiress, rule passed to the Counts of Hartig through marriage in 1705 . In 1736 the Meierhof Wüstewiese was built , which has been called Neuhof since the 19th century . In 1783 Franz Anton von Hartig had the Höflitzer chapel on the Schwabitzer Steig extended to the Ascension Church. In 1790 a school house was built in Höflitz, which burned down in 1823.

In 1832 Höflitz consisted of 63 houses with 453 German-speaking residents. The eastern part of the village adjoining Plauschnitz was called Neudorf or Neu-Höflitz . There was a school, two mills and a stately hunter's house in the village. The Meierhof Neuhof with a sheep farm, the Neumühle, the Jägerhaus Pinzkay and Wildsthal as well as the Wiesenhütte lay apart. The parish for Höflitz and Neudorf was Niemes , the residents of Neuhof and Neumühle were parish in Schwabitz. The estate was owned by Franz von Hartig . In 1839 the church was renovated and received a bell. Until the middle of the 19th century the village remained subject to the allodial rule of Niemes.

After the abolition of patrimonial Höflitz formed from 1850 a municipality in the Bunzlauer Kreis and judicial district of Niemes . From 1868 Kummer belonged to the Bohemian Leipa district . In the same year Franz von Hartig had the Paulinenhof, named after his daughter Pauline, built in place of the brickworks near Rabendorf . In 1877 a small match factory started operations in Höfliz, but it was shut down again in 1893. Other operations were a tannery and some quarries. In 1890, 526 German-speaking residents lived in the 82 houses of Höflitz. In Höflitz there were three mills, two board saws and a glass grinding shop, a fourth mill was the Neumühle on Schwabitzer Bach near Neuhof. Most of the residents worked in the furniture factory or the fabric and felt goods factory in Niemes. In 1893 a new three-class village school for the children from Höflitz and Neudorf was inaugurated; the children from Neumühle and Neuhof continued to attend the Schwabitz school, those from Paulinenhof were taught in Niemes. In 1903 Höflitz consisted of 89 houses in which 543 people lived. This included the districts of Höflitzer Teil (three houses) and Neudorf (18 houses), the single-layer Meierhof Neuhof, the single-layer grinding and board mill Neumühle and the single-layer Meierhof and the forester's house Paulinenhof. In 1921 Höflitz / Hvězdov consisted of 101 houses with 562 inhabitants, including 499 Germans and 55 Czechs. At this time, Höflitz developed into a summer resort with a lido, the rest home and hotel Lebenswende , a children's rest home , guest houses and excursion restaurants. There was a cemetery at the western exit of the village. In 1930, 587 people lived in the community of Höflitz with Neudorf, Neuhof and Paulinenhof, including 520 Germans and 58 Czechs. In the 1930s the place was connected to the electricity network. After the Munich Agreement , it was incorporated into the German Reich in 1938; initially Höflitz belonged to the district of Böhmisch Leipa and since May 1, 1939 to the district of Deutsch Gabel . In 1939 the community had 508 inhabitants. After the end of the Second World War, Hvězdov came back to Czechoslovakia and the district of Neudorf was given the Czech name Mezilesí . In 1946 and 1947, most of the German-Bohemian residents were expelled.

Then the village was relocated in 1947 in the course of the establishment of the Ralsko military training area . In the following time Hvězdov was largely destroyed, Mezilesí became completely extinct. After the Prague Spring , the Soviet Army took over the training area in 1968. In the mid-1980s there was a lot of construction activity around Hvězdov, in 1987 the newly formed 442nd rocket brigade with SS-21 was stationed in Hvězdov ; Barracks were built in Ploužnice, instead of the Nový Dvůr stud and military towns near Svébořice, and a cultural center and terraced houses in Hvězdov. The following year the withdrawal of Soviet troops began and was completed on May 30, 1991. What remained were munitions-contaminated areas and abandoned apartment blocks for which no subsequent users could be found.

Since January 1, 1992 Hvězdov belonged to the district Ploužnice of the municipality Ralsko . 38 houses have been preserved from the original village, including the school building and the former Heilek guesthouse. There are only four houses left of the old town center, two of which are uninhabited and dilapidated. Overgrown gravestones and remains of a maple avenue have been preserved from the former cemetery in a pine forest. Resettlement was slow, in 1995 Hvězdov had 21 inhabitants. Between 2005 and 2011 the population grew from 55 to 97. In the course of the reorganization of the urban area of ​​Ralsko, Hvězdov received the status of a district on July 14, 2010. In total, the place consists of 45 houses.

Local division

The district of Hvězdov is part of the Ploužnice pod Ralskem cadastral district. The settlements Nový Dvůr ( Neuhof ) and Pavlín ( Paulinenhof ) as well as the desert Mezilesí ( Neudorf ) belong to Hvězdov .

Web links

Commons : Hvězdov (Ralsko)  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer , Franz Xaver Maximilian Zippe The Kingdom of Böhmen, Vol. 2 Bunzlauer Kreis, 1834, pp. 252-253
  2. ↑ Ottův slovník naučný. Jedenáctý díl. Praha: J. Otto, 1897. p. 971.
  3. ↑ http://www.joachim-richter.de/nie_seiten_hf/nie_hf_ Bezirk_orte_hantschel.html
  4. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Deutsch Gabel (Czech. Jablonné v Podjestedí). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  5. ↑ http://regionalni-rozvoj.kraj-lbc.cz/getFile/case:show/id:149518