Ischma (Pechora)
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Ischma И́жма, Изьва (Iswa) |
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 The Ischma near Ust-Uchta |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | RU : 03050300112103000075588 | |
| location | Komi Republic ( Russia ) | |
| River system | Pechora | |
| Drain over | Pechora → Arctic Ocean | |
| source |
Timan Ridge 62 ° 41 ′ 26 ″ N , 55 ° 0 ′ 46 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 200 m | |
| muzzle |
Pechora coordinates: 65 ° 19 ′ 29 " N , 52 ° 54 ′ 41" E 65 ° 19 ′ 29 " N , 52 ° 54 ′ 41" E |
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| Mouth height | 14 m | |
| Height difference | approx. 186 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 0.35 ‰ | |
| length | 531 km | |
| Catchment area | 31,000 km² | |
| Discharge at the Kartaiol A Eo gauge : 22,700 km² Location: 154 km above the estuary |
MQ 1933/1998 Mq 1933/1998 |
214 m³ / s 9.4 l / (s km²) |
| Discharge at the Ischma A Eo gauge : 28,700 km² Location: 79 km above the estuary |
MQ 1981/1991 Mq 1981/1991 |
317 m³ / s 11 l / (s km²) |
| Left tributaries | Sedju , Ukhta , Kedwa | |
| Right tributaries | Nizhny Odes , Aijuwa , Sebys | |
| Medium-sized cities | Sosnogorsk | |
| Navigable | 82 km (from Ischma ) | |
 Location of the Ischma (И́жма) in the catchment area of the Pechora |
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The Ischma ( Russian И́жма , Komi Изьва / Iswa ) is a 531 km long left tributary of the Pechora in the northeast of the European part of Russia .
course
The Ischma rises at a height of about 200 m on the northeast flank of the southern Timan ridge . In its entire course, it flows through the taiga areas of the central Komi Republic in a predominantly north-westerly to north-westerly direction . In the middle reaches, there are rapids downriver meanders of the river in increasingly pointed rich and marshy terrain sections in wide arcs, forming arms and bigger river islands. In the lower reaches, the Ischma turns to the west to flow parallel to the Pechora for almost 40 km before finally flowing into the latter at the village of Ust-Ischma at a height of 14 m .
The most important tributaries are Nizhny Odes ("Lower Odes"), Aijuwa and Sebys from the right and Sedju , Uchta and Kedwa from the left.
Hydrography
The catchment area of the Ischma covers 31,000 km². Near the mouth of the river, the river is over 500 meters wide and over two meters deep; the flow velocity here is 0.7 m / s.
The ischma freezes from mid-November to mid-May. The water flow at Kartajol, 154 km above the estuary, is an annual average of 214 m³ / s with a minimum of 54 m³ / s in March and a maximum of 928 m³ / s in May, at the village of Ischma , 79 km above the estuary corresponding to 317 and 1331 m³ / s.
Infrastructure and economy
From Ust-Uchta at the confluence of the largest tributary, the Uchta, the Ischma is navigable for more than 300 km for smaller vehicles, but on the upper half of this section, due to a large number of rapids, only when the water level is sufficient. Therefore, only the 82 km from the village of Ischma to the estuary are considered to be an inland waterway today.
The banks of the Ischma are relatively densely populated on the scale of the Komi Republic; there are towns along the entire course. The largest town and the only town directly on the river is Sosnogorsk , which was also called Ischma until 1957. Below the city, the Ischma takes on the Uchta tributary, on which the Uchta city of the same name lies a few kilometers upstream . At Sosnogorsk, the Isma is crossed by the Pechora railway Konoscha - Kotlas - Vorkuta and the road Syktyvkar - Ukhta - Wuktyl . A railway line and a road to Troizko-Pechorsk branch off here on the upper Pechora, which follow the upper reaches of the Ischma at varying distances and cross it one or three times. In this area, the settlements Woiwosch and Werchneischemski are oil deposits exploited; in addition, forestry plays the largest role.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Article Ischma in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ a b Ischma in the State Water Register of the Russian Federation (Russian)
- ↑ a b Ischma at the Kartajol gauge - hydrographic data at R-ArcticNET
- ↑ a b Ischma at the Ischma gauge - hydrographic data at R-ArcticNET (only 11-year measurement period)
- ^ List of Inland Waterways of the Russian Federation (confirmed by Order No. 1800 of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 19, 2002); on-line