Iserbrook (ship)
Sailor's cup with a picture of the brig Iserbrook
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The Iserbrook was a brig that was built near Hamburg in 1853 and sank near Sydney in 1880 .
Ship dimensions
In the Hamburg Bielbrief from November 14, 1853 the following dimensions are given for the Iserbrook :
- Length over keel = 105.00 hamburger feet (30.03 m)
- Greatest width = 22.11 hamburger feet (6.32 m)
- Height (belly board to decking boards) = 13.70 hamburger feet (3.92 m)
- Carrying capacity = 90 Hamburg commercial loads
history
The Iserbrook was built at the Reiherstieg shipyard under the direction of Joachim Eduard von Somm and was launched in 1853 with construction number 10. The first owner was the trading company Joh. Ces. Godeffroy & son of the Hamburg businessman Johan Cesar Godeffroy . The ship was named after the Godeffroy family's lands west of Hamburg at that time. The area became the Hamburg district of Iserbrook in 1951 .
The brig initially made trips to Australia , New Zealand and South America . Mainly emigrants were transported from the home port of Hamburg, on the return journeys commercial goods. In 1859 the ship sailed under the Chilean flag with the name Inca , in spring 1860 it was renamed Iserbrook . From 1872 Joh. Ces. Godeffroy & Sohn strategically deployed the brig to expand their trading network in the Western Pacific. Under the command of GC Levison traders were landed on board the Iserbrook on the islands of the Caroline Islands and the later Bismarck Archipelago ( Gazelle Peninsula ) in order to establish permanent branches there. The brig also provided auxiliary services to expand Godeffroy & Sohn's in-house museum . The ethnographer and biologist Johann Stanislaus Kubary was on board on a voyage in the second quarter of 1873 .
The Iserbrook got an Australian-British owner through sale in 1874 . It was now mainly used in pearl fishing and for Bêche-de-mar production. In December 1878 a fire broke out on board during a port stay in Sydney, claiming the life of the captain and culminating in an explosion. The ship sunk as a result of the accident was lifted and repaired. On January 30, 1880, the Iserbrook sank again in front of Mrs Macquarie's Chair in the main port of Sydney. After an attempt in July 1880 to sell the not recovered wreck by auction and after lifting part of the cargo, the remains of the brig were blown up in October of that year.
Captains
Various captains drove on the ship. In detail it was:
- 1853–55 JJ Kruger
- 1855-60 Fried. cook
- 1861 JHW Steinholz
- 1863 P. Schinkel
- 1865-69 FM Schultze
- 1869-70 JJF Meyer
- 1872–74 Georg Christoph Levison
- 1874 Joseph Frazer
- 1878 Alfred Martin
- 1878 Daniel Ames
Rides
The ship made trips to South America and the area around Australia from Hamburg. After the change of owner, from 1874, the Iserbrook was used for trips in the Pacific region.
date | event | place | captain | comment | source |
November 23, 1853 | Departure | Hamburg | Transport emigrants to Adelaide | ||
March 13, 1854 | Arrivals | Adelaide | Kruger / Kruyer | Transport emigrants | |
April 22, 1854 | Departure | Adelaide | Kruger | Departure to Batavia planned for April 18th; ready to leave on April 22nd | |
August 19, 1854 | Arrivals | Melbourne | Ship arrives from Batavia; Freight: rice and coffee | ||
September 16, 1854 | Departure | Melbourne | Departure to Valparaiso planned | ||
September 30, 1854 | Arrivals | Sydney | Ship expected | ||
May 3, 1855 | Departure | Hamburg | Transport emigrants to Melbourne | ||
September 4, 1855 | Arrivals | Melbourne | Kock | Transport emigrants | |
September 20, 1855 | Departure | Melbourne | Ship leaves for Valparaiso | ||
November 3, 1855 | Arrivals | Valparaiso | cook | from Melbourne | |
November 24, 1855 | Departure | Valparaiso | cook | after Huasco | |
April 13, 1856 | Arrivals | Hamburg | Kock | from Islay , with skins and copper | |
May 23, 1856 | Departure | Hamburg | Transport emigrants to Moreton Bay | ||
October 1, 1856 | Arrivals | Moreton Bay | Kock | ||
October 4, 1856 | Departure | Moreton Bay | Kock | Immediate departure to Hong Kong planned | |
May 5, 1857 | happens | Anjer | Kock | from Singapore to Valparaiso | |
October 18, 1857 | Departure | Payta | to Hamburg | ||
January 30, 1858 | Arrivals | Cuxhaven | Kock | from Payta | |
June 5, 1858 | Departure | Hamburg | Kock / cook | Transport emigrants to Valdivia , Talcahuan , Valparaiso | |
October 9, 1858 | Arrivals | Valdivia | |||
October 28, 1858 | Arrivals | Valparaiso | |||
April 12, 1859 | not far | Queenstown | from Paquiqua to Liverpool | ||
May 21, 1859 | Arrivals | Cuxhaven | Kock | from Liverpool | |
June 4, 1859 | Departure | Hamburg | Kock | As Inca transport emigrants to Talcahuano and Valparaiso | |
October 22, 1859 | Arrivals | Talcahuano | Kock | ||
November 23, 1859 | Departure | Valparaiso | Kock | to caldera | |
March 22, 1860 | Arrivals | Liverpool | Kock | from caldera | |
June 30, 1860 | Departure | Hamburg | Transport emigrants to Puerto Montt and Valparaiso | ||
November 1, 1860 | Arrivals | Puerto Montt | cook | Transport emigrants | |
November 15, 1860 | Arrivals | Valparaiso | Kock | from Hamburg | |
March 14, 1861 | Arrivals | Queenstown | from San Antonio | ||
May 25, 1861 | Departure | Hamburg | Transport emigrants to Adelaide | ||
May 27, 1861 | Departure | Cuxhaven | Stone wood | Port Adelaide | |
September 14, 1861 | Arrivals | Adelaide | Stone wood | Transport emigrants; Freight: 12 merino sheep , beer | |
November 16, 1861 | Departure | Auckland | Stone wood | Ship leaves for Valparaiso | |
January 13, 1862 | Arrivals | Valparaiso | Stone wood | from New Zealand | |
January 23, 1862 | Departure | Valparaiso | Stone wood | to Iquique | |
January 1, 1863 | Departure | Port Louis | Schinkel | ||
February 16, 1863 | Arrivals | Adelaide | Schinkel | Ship arrives from Port Louis | |
March 7, 1863 | Departure | Adelaide | Departure to Guam ; Charge: flour | ||
November 14, 1863 | Arrivals | Gravesend | Kock | from Capstadt | |
March 17, 1864 | Departure | Hamburg | |||
June 17, 1864 | Departure | Cape Town | Schinkel | ||
July 28, 1864 | Arrivals | Adelaide | Schinkel | Freight from Cape Town: apricots, raisins, dried fruits | |
October 26, 1864 | Arrivals | Auckland | from Adelaide | ||
April 17, 1865 | Arrivals | Hamburg | Schinckel | of guayacan | |
May 28, 1865 | Departure | Hamburg | Transport emigrants to Adelaide | ||
September 22, 1865 | Arrivals | Adelaide | |||
October 4, 1865 | Departure | Adelaide | Schultze | Ship is leaving for Apia | |
May 13, 1866 | Arrivals | Cuxhaven | Schulze | from South Sea Islands | |
August 23, 1869 | Arrivals | Sydney | Meyer | ARRIVAL FROM PORT OF SS ISLANDS | |
September 1, 1869 | Departure | Sydney | Ship leaves for SS ISLANDS | ||
September 2, 1870 | Arrivals | Sydney | Meyer | ARRIVAL FROM PORT OF SS ISLANDS | |
February 7, 1871 | Departure | Sydney | Meyer | Ship runs out with cargo for Petropaulovski | |
April 1871 | Arrivals | Palau | Care for Johann Stanislaus Kubary in Korror | ||
October 1, 1871 | Departure | Palau | |||
June 1872 | Arrivals | Ta, Satawan Atoll | Levisohn | Deposition of a commercial agent | |
June 1872 | Arrivals | Pohnpei ( Caroline Islands ) | Levisohn | Loading new cargo: copra | |
June 9, 1872 | Arrivals | Ebon atoll | Levisohn | ||
February 16, 1873 | Arrivals | Ta, Satawan Atoll | Levisohn | Exchange of a commercial agent | |
03/04/1873 | Arrivals | Gazelle Peninsula | Levison | Stationing of two dealers | |
May 1873 | Arrivals | Palau | Levison | Johann Stanislaus Kubarys boarded the ship to travel to Pohnpei via Satawan Atoll | |
07/08/1873 | Arrivals | Ta, Satawan Atoll | Levisohn | Arrival from Palau with Johann Stanislaus Kubary on board | |
August 1873 | Arrivals | Nukuoro Atoll (Caroline Islands) | Levison | Short stay and shore leave of JS Kubary for the ethnographic investigation of the Polynesian enclave | |
August 1873 | Arrivals | Pohnpei (Caroline Islands) | Levison | Landing of JS Kubary for a one-year research stay | |
December 15, 1873 | Arrivals | Apia, Samoa | Levison, G. | Arrival from the Caroline Islands with island products | |
February 3, 1874 | Departure | Apia, Samoa | Levison, G. | Ship leaves for Sydney with merchandise and "miscellaneous" | |
February 28, 1874 | Arrivals | Sydney | Levison | Arrival from the Samoa Islands | |
April 10, 1874 | Departure | Sydney | Martin | Ship leaves for SS ISLANDS | |
April 25, 1877 | Departure | Sydney | Frazer | clear for South Sea Islands April 21; expires 25.04 | |
November 19, 1877 | Arrivals | Sydney | Frazer | Arrival from SS ISLANDS | |
January 12, 1878 | Departure | Sydney | Martin | clear for South Sea Islands 1/8; expires 12.01 | |
August 1878 | Arrivals | Sydney | Ames | from SS ISLANDS / Nouméa ; Captain Martin died; escorted by HMS Renard |
Ships from Joh. Ces. Godeffroy & Son
Individual evidence
- ↑ JH Brown: NAMES OF FOREIGN VESSELS . In: THE MERCANTILE NAVY LIST . Bradbury and Evans, London 1861.
- ↑ Federal Chancellor Office (Ed.): Official list of the ships of the war and trade navy of the North German Confederation . Georg Reimer, Berlin 1869.
- ↑ a b Walter Kresse: Seagoing Ship Directory of the Hamburg Shipping Companies 1824-1888 . Part 1. Museum of Hamburg History, Hamburg 1969, p. 169 .
- ↑ Armin Clasen: The ships of the Chile emigration via Hamburg 1850-75 and the shipbuilding family von Somm . (PDF) In: Journal for Low German Family Studies . Volume 38, No. 1, Hamburg, January 1963.
- ^ Reiherstieg shipyards and machine works, Hamburg . In: Historisch-biographische Blätter . tape 7 , no. 9, 1905/6 . Eckstein's Biographischer Verlag, Berlin ( resolver.sub.uni-hamburg.de ).
- ↑ a b Arturo Neumann: 150 años de fundación de Colonia Humán, Los Ángeles, Chile. Tercer contingente. Party III. ( Spanish ) July 12, 2008. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
- ^ William T. Wawn: The South Sea Islanders and the Queensland Labor Trade : Edited, with an Introduction by Peter Corris. (Pacific History Series No. 5). Australian National University Press, Canberra 1973, pp. Xxiv and xxi. FX Hezel: WT Wawn . Beachcombers, Traders & Castaways in Micronesia , subpage Pohnpei ; accessed in November 2013.
- ↑ Jakob Anderhandt: Eduard Hernsheim, the South Seas and a lot of money: biography . MV-Wissenschaft, Münster 2012, Volume 1, p. 87.
- ↑ Stuart G. Firth: German Recruitment and Employment of Laborers in the Western Pacific before the First World War . Dissertation, Oxford University 1973. British Library Document Supply Center, Wetherby [19--] (microfilm), p. 14.
- ^ William T. Wawn: The South Sea Islanders and the Queensland Labor Trade : Edited, with an Introduction by Peter Corris. (Pacific History Series No. 5). Australian National University Press, Canberra 1973, pp. Xxvi; Jakob Anderhandt: Eduard Hernsheim, the South Seas and a lot of money. Biography in 2 volumes. MV-Wissenschaft, Münster 2012, Volume 1, pp. 135 f.
- ↑ a b c d Francis X. Hezel: Chuuk . In: Foreign Ships in Micronesia . Trust Territory Printing Office, Saipan 1979 ( micsem.org [accessed December 12, 2013]).
- ↑ Compare the licenses issued for this according to [JC Wilson (Commodore):] Labor Trade in the Western Pacific . Thomas Richards (Government Printer), Sydney 1881, p. 27 (two entries).
- ↑ Brig Iserbrook Scuttled (English) . In: Taranaki Herald , December 27, 1878, p. 2.
- ↑ The Iserbrook Accident (English) . In: The Argus , December 28, 1878, p. 10.
- ↑ The Iserbrook Affair (English) . In: The Evening News , Jan. 6, 1879, p. 2.
- ↑ The Iserbrook Affair (English) . In: The Evening News , Jan. 14, 1879, p. 3.
- ↑ Inquest (English) . In: The Sydney Morning Herald , February 4, 1879, p. 6.
- ↑ Recovery of the Body of Captain Fraser (English) . In: The Evening News , February 4, 1879, p. 2.
- ↑ The Burning Of The Iserbrook In Sydney Harbor (English) . In: The Illustrated Australian News , February 21, 1879, p. 30.
- ↑ Advertising (English) . In: The Sydney Morning Herald , April 18, 1879, p. 1.
- ↑ Exports (English) . In: The Sydney Morning Herald , February 3, 1880, p. 4.
- ↑ Advertising (English) . In: The Sydney Morning Herald , July 19, 1880, p. 6.
- ↑ Shipping (English) . In: The Evening News , October 2, 1880, p. 4.
- ↑ News Of The Day (English) . In: The Sydney Morning Herald , October 12, 1880, p. 5.
- ↑ A Submarine Explosion (English) . In: The Evening News , October 14, 1880, p. 2.
- ↑ a b The Ships List ( English ) Retrieved November 22, 2013.
- ↑ Shipping Intelligence - Arrived (English) . In: The South Australian Register , March 14, 1854, p. 2.
- ↑ Shipping Intelligence - Arrived (English) . In: The South Australian Register , April 16, 1854, p. 2.
- ^ Local Court, Port Adelaide (English) . In: The South Australian Register , April 24, 1854, p. 3.
- ↑ Port Of Melbourne - Arrived (English) . In: Colonial Times , August 29, 1854, p. 2.
- ↑ Melbourne Shipping - Arrivals (English) . In: The Empire , August 28, 1854, p. 4.
- ↑ Shipping Intelligence - Projected Departures (English) . In: The Argus , September 16, 1854, p. 4.
- ↑ Vessels Expected In Sydney (English) . In: The Sydney Morning Herald , September 30, 1854, p. 2.
- ↑ 89 emigrants ( daily report. In: Hamburger Nachrichten. January 9, 1856, p. 3)
- ↑ a b c d e f Rolf Gödecke: Direct Emigrant Ships from Hamburg 1850–1889. (PDF; 292 kB) (No longer available online.) March 23, 2012, archived from the original on October 29, 2013 ; accessed on December 2, 2013 .
- ↑ Shipping Intelligence - Arrived (Hobson's Bay) (English) . In: The Argus , September 5, 1855, p. 4.
- ↑ Shipping Intelligence - Cleared Out (English) . In: The Argus , September 10, 1855, p. 4.
- ↑ Arrived and departed ships. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. January 7, 1856, p. 2 ( digitized version )
- ↑ Arrived and departed ships. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. January 18, 1856, p. 2 ( digitized version )
- ↑ Trade Reports. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. April 25, 1856, p. 2 ( digitized version )
- ↑ Arrived and departed ships. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. April 14, 1856, p. 2 ( digitized version )
- ↑ deviating from “24. May ”under Kapt. Kock, in: Arrived and departed ships. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. May 24, 1856, p. 1 ( digitized version )
- ↑ a b Shipping Intelligence - Arrivals (English) . In: The Moreton Bay Courier , October 4, 1856, p. 2.
- ↑ Arrived and departed ships. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. June 30, 1857, p. 2 ( digitized version )
- ↑ Arrived and departed ships. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. December 12, 1857, p. 2 ( digitized version )
- ↑ Arrived and departed ships. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. January 30, 1858, p. 1 ( digitized version )
- ^ Ship news . In: General Emigration Newspaper , July 9, 1858, p. 124.
- ↑ a b c d e f Armin Clasen: German emigration to Chile 1857-1875 . (PDF) In: Journal for Family Studies in Lower Saxony . Volume 34, No. 1, Hamburg, January 1959.
- ↑ a b Julio C. Avendaño: Barcos & Inmigración Alemana ( Spanish ) In: Historia de Valdivia - Chile . Retrieved December 12, 2013.
- ↑ Arrived and departed ships. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. April 15, 1859, p. 2 ( digitized version )
- ↑ Arrived and departed ships. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. May 21, 1859, p. 1 ( digitized version )
- ↑ Arrived and departed ships. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. January 21, 1860, p. 2 ( digitized version )
- ↑ Arrived and departed ships. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. March 24, 1860, p. 2 ( digitized version )
- ↑ Arrived and departed ships. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. January 3, 1861, p. 2 ( digitized version )
- ↑ Arrived and departed ships. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. March 16, 1861, p. 2 ( digitized version )
- ↑ Per hamb. electro-magnetic telegraph. In: Hamburger Nachrichten. May 28, 1861, p. 6, ( digitized version )
- ↑ Assisted Immigration From Germany (English) . In: The South Australian Register , September 18, 1861, p. 3.
- ↑ Shipping News - Arrived (English) . In: The South Australian Advertiser , September 16, 1861, p. 2.
- ↑ Ship News - Arrived . In: Adelaider Deutsche Zeitung , September 20, 1861, p. 6.
- ↑ For Valparaiso (English) . In: The Southern Cross , November 15, 1861, p. 1.
- ↑ Arrived and departed ships. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. March 5, 1862, p. 2 ( digitized version )
- ↑ Arrived and departed ships. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. March 10, 1862, p. 2 ( digitized version )
- ↑ a b Shipping News - Arrived (English) . In: The South Australian Advertiser , February 17, 1863, p. 2.
- ↑ Latest News - South Australia (English) . In: The Cornwall Chronicle , March 11, 1863, p. 5.
- ↑ Arrived and departed ships. In: Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall. November 16, 1863, p. 2 ( digitized version )
- ↑ a b Australian shipping 1788–1968 ( English ) Archived from the original on October 20, 2005. Information: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
- ↑ a b Shipping News (English) . In: The South Australian Advertiser , July 29, 1864, p. 2.
- ↑ Port Of Auckland - Vessels In Harbor (English) . In: The New Zealand Herald , October 26, 1864, p. 4.
- ^ Hamburger Hafen , in: Hamburger Nachrichten , April 19, 1865, p. 6, ( digitized version )
- ↑ Australian shipping 1788–1968 ( English ) Archived from the original on October 20, 2005. Information: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
- ↑ Shipping Intelligence - Cleared Out (English) . In: The South Australian Register , October 5, 1865, p. 2.
- ↑ divergent October 6, (Adelaide) in: Arrived and departed ships , in: Börsen-Halle , December 16, 1865, p. 2, ( digitized version )
- ↑ Hamburg State Telegraph. In: Hamburger Nachrichten. May 14, 1866, p. 4, ( digitized version )
- ↑ Mariners and ships in Australian Waters ( English ) Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
- ↑ Port Of Sydney - Sailed (English) . In: Otago Daily Times , September 16, 1869, p. 2.
- ↑ Mariners and ships in Australian Waters ( English ) Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
- ↑ Shipping - Clearances (English) . In: The Empire , February 8, 1871, p. 2.
- ↑ Custom House Entries (English) . In: The Empire , February 8, 1871, p. 2.
- ↑ a b J. Kubary: The Palau Islands in the South Pacific . In: Journal of the Museum Godeffroy . tape 1 , no. 4 . L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg 1873, p. 181, 184 .
- ^ Francis X. Hezel: Pohnpei . In: Foreign Ships in Micronesia . Trust Territory Printing Office, Saipan 1979 ( micsem.org [accessed December 12, 2013]).
- ^ Francis X. Hezel: Marshalls . In: Foreign Ships in Micronesia . Trust Territory Printing Office, Saipan 1979 ( micsem.org [accessed December 12, 2013]).
- ^ William T. Wawn: The South Sea Islanders and the Queensland Labor Trade : Edited, with an Introduction by Peter Corris. (Pacific History Series No. 5). Australian National University Press, Canberra 1973, pp. Xxv; Jakob Anderhandt: Eduard Hernsheim, the South Seas and a lot of money. Biography in 2 volumes. MV-Wissenschaft, Münster 2012, Volume 1, p. 86.
- ^ William T. Wawn: The South Sea Islanders and the Queensland Labor Trade : Edited, with an Introduction by Peter Corris. (Pacific History Series No. 5). Australian National University Press, Canberra 1973, pp. Xxvi; Jakob Anderhandt: Eduard Hernsheim, the South Seas and a lot of money. Biography in 2 volumes. MV-Wissenschaft, Münster 2012, Volume 1, p. 86.
- ^ Lech Paszkowski: John Stanislaw Kubary - Naturalist and Ethnographer of the Pacific Islands . In: The Australian Zoologist , Negotiations, Volume 16, No. 2 (1971), pp. 43-70, here: p. 48.
- ^ Lech Paszkowski: John Stanislaw Kubary - Naturalist and Ethnographer of the Pacific Islands . In: The Australian Zoologist , Proceedings, Vol. 16, No. 2 (1971), pp. 43-70, here: p. 48; Birgit Scheps: The sold museum: The South Sea companies of the trading house Joh. Ces. Godeffroy & Sohn, Hamburg, and the collections of the "Museum Godeffroy" . Goecke & Evers, Kelten-Weiler 2005, p. 120.
- ^ Lech Paszkowski: John Stanislaw Kubary - Naturalist and Ethnographer of the Pacific Islands . In: The Australian Zoologist , Negotiations, Volume 16, No. 2 (1971), pp. 43-70, here: p. 48.
- ↑ a b Consulats-Schiffs-reports from the years 1871 to 1875 [for Apia, Samoa Islands]. Commerzbibliothek Hamburg, p. 563.
- ↑ Mariners and ships in Australian Waters ( English ) Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
- ↑ Shipping - Arrivals (English) . In: The Sydney Morning Herald , February 28, 1874, p. 6.
- ↑ Notice - Dispatch Of Mails (English) . In: The Sydney Morning Herald , April 11, 1877, p. 4.
- ↑ Clearances (English) . In: The Sydney Morning Herald , April 23, 1877, p. 4.
- ↑ Departure (English) . In: The Sydney Morning Herald , April 26, 1877, p. 4.
- ↑ Mariners and ships in Australian Waters ( English ) Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
- ↑ Clearances (English) . In: The Sydney Morning Herald , January 9, 1878, p. 4.
- ^ Projected Departures (English) . In: The Sydney Morning Herald , January 12, 1878, p. 4.
- ↑ Departure (English) . In: The Sydney Morning Herald , January 14, 1878, p. 4.
- ↑ War In New Caledonia (English) . In: The Evening Star , August 12, 1878, p. 2.
- ^ New South Wales (English) . In: The Mercury , August 5, 1878, p. 2.
- ↑ Mariners and ships in Australian Waters ( English ) Retrieved on November 25, 2013.