József Batthyány

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Batthyány family coat of arms
The family coat of arms of the Batthyánys with a cardinal hat on the gable of the Primate's Palace in Bratislava (Pressburg) by Philipp Jacob Prokop

József Batthyány , German Joseph Graf von Batthyány (born January 30, 1727 in Vienna , † October 23, 1799 in Preßburg , today Bratislava ) was Archbishop of Gran , Prince-Primate of Hungary and cardinal .

Life

Joseph Cardinal Batthyány
Translation of the Latin inscription:
Joseph, Duke of the Holy Roman Empire, from the Batthyány family, Archbishop of Gran, Apostolic Legate of the Holy See. Primate and Arch Chancellor of the Kingdom of Hungary. Bearers of the highest ecclesiastical and royal dignity; Main advisor to the Order of St. Stephen of the Apostolic Kingdom, bearer of the Cross of the
Knightly Order, etc. etc. (contemporary engraving; archive KDKW Karlsruhe)

Batthyány came from an old and widely ramified Hungarian noble family who, as magnates , counts and princes, later belonged to the most important families in Austria and Hungary . He was born as the son of the (later) Palatine of Hungary, Ludwig Graf Batthyány and his wife Theresia, born. Countess Kinsky was born in Vienna on January 30, 1727. He attended grammar school in Güns , which was followed by studies of theology and philosophy in Tyrnau . After he was ordained a priest on June 29, 1751 in Esztergom-Gran , he became Canon of Gran in 1752 , then infuled provost , first of the collegiate monastery at Steinamanger , later in Pressburg .

On July 13, 1759 he was appointed Bishop of Transylvania . He received his episcopal ordination on December 2, 1759, by the Archbishop of Vienna , Christoph Anton von Migazzi ; Co-consecrator was the auxiliary bishop in Vienna Franz Xaver Anton Marxer . On December 15, 1760 he became Archbishop of Kalocsa and on May 20, 1776 Archbishop of Gran and Prince Primate of Hungary. On June 1, 1778 Pope Pius VI raised him . the cardinal priests and awarded him on 19 April 1782 at the Consistory in Vienna the cardinal's hat and the Roman titular church of San Bartolomeo all'Isola .

signature

He was a personal advisor to Empress Maria Theresa and her son-in-law, the governor of Hungary Albert von Sachsen-Teschen . Batthyány was an excellent churchman, also valued and respected by Emperor Joseph II , who always tried to find a balance. Contemporaries called him the "oracle of his time". In the most difficult situations of his fatherland, as "Dionysius in the Hungarian Areopagus" he was the most active mediator, reconciler and promoter, which is also adorned by the reputation of charity and patronage.

On November 15, 1790 he crowned Emperor Leopold II in Pressburg and Emperor Franz II in Ofen on June 6, 1792 as Apostolic Kings of Hungary.

The construction of the Primate's Palace in Preßburg (1780/81) came about on his initiative. For this he used the enormous sum of 400,000 guilders . As an enthusiastic art and book collector, he increased the library of the archdiocese through noteworthy donations of his own. He bought the not yet published manuscripts and sketches of Notitia Hungariae from the widow of the Evangelical Lutheran preacher Matthias Bel from Bratislava for the considerable sum of 1187 guilders.

Statue of Archbishop Joseph Batthyány (1727–1799) in Kalocsa (Gabor Sejkov 2000)

Batthyány also took care of the dissemination of the lessons in Pressburg and other cities in old Hungary . He also cared for and promoted the institutes for the poor, and he also supported the bishops expelled from France in the course of the revolution . As archbishop he resided in the Primate's Palace in Pressburg, today's Bratislava .

Batthyány died on October 23, 1799 in Pressburg and was buried in the bishop's vault of the Martindom in Pressburg.

Works

  • Panegyricus divo Ladislao regi Hungariae apostolico dictus… Vienna 1746.
  • Carmen dno Luvovico e comitibus de Batthyán, regni Hungariae palatino. Pressburg 1751.
  • Exercitatio academica de conciliis altero juris eclesiastici fonte… Vienna 1757.
  • Sermo dum pallium archiepiscopale suscepit… Tyrnau 1776.
  • Pulpit speech ... Pressburg 1783.
  • Pastoral letter ... without location, 1787.
  • Dictio in sessione dietali 5th martii 1791. Pozioni (also in German and Hungarian).
  • Parliamentary speeches ... Pesth 1795.

literature

Web links

Commons : József Batthyány  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Anton Klipp: Preßburg ... , p. 142.
  2. ↑ Matthias Bel's main work are the five volumes of his Notitia Hungariae novae historico-geographica (German: Historical and geographical knowledge in today's Hungary ), which are still of great value today, but have remained unfinished. Of the ten volumes originally planned, only five were published in Vienna between 1735 and 1742 . The greater part of this work, however, only survived in the manuscript that Batthyány bought in order to publish it. However, this project has never been implemented. Quoted in G. Kelecsényi: Múltunk neves Könyvgyűjtői (German: Important book collectors of the past ).
predecessor Office successor
Ferenc Barkóczy Archbishop of Gran
1776–1799 		Karl Ambrosius of Austria-Este
Siegmund Anton Sztojka Bishop of Transylvania
1759–1760 		József Anton Bajtay
personal data
SURNAME Batthyány, József
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Batthyány, Joseph von; Batthyány, Joseph Graf von; Bathianus, Joseph; Batthyan, Josephus; Bathiani, József
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian bishop
DATE OF BIRTH January 30, 1727
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH October 23, 1799
Place of death Pressburg