Japanese book stamps

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Book stamp on the back of a title page top right in the middle. Tokyo University Library stamp ( Kyūjitai : 東京 大學 圖書 )

Japanese book stamps ( Japanese 蔵 書 印 , Zōshoin , also: "book owner mark") are used to identify the owner or owner of books and manuscripts. As such they are in function to the bookplate comparable. A book stamp is understood to mean both the stamp imprint and the associated stamp or seal as an embossing tool.

In most cases, either the first or last page of a book is stamped. In Japan, books from lending libraries (Kashihonya), private book collectors, libraries, the early book stores of the daimyat or Han schools and temples are stamped. Book stamps originated in China during the Song Dynasty , their use spread in the Ming Dynasty , while various forms of book stamps developed in Japan. Most official seals ( 官印 , Kan'in ) are also regarded as stamps . Other Japanese terms for book stamps with a similar meaning are: Zōshoinki ( 蔵 書 印記 , about "book stamp"), Zōin ( 蔵 印 , about: "magazine stamp "), Shozōin ( 所 蔵 印 , about: "owner's stamp "), Shūzōin ( 収 蔵 印 , for example: "warehouse stamp "), toshoin ( 図 書 印 , for example: "card and writing stamp "), denryōin ( 伝 領 印 , for example: "origin" or " provenance stamp "), kanzōin ( 鑑 蔵 印 , for example: Collector's stamp ").

Stamps comparable to the letter stamps were also used by booksellers to label their goods or by book lenders to label borrowed books improperly.

A stamp album, in which the stamps of different stamps are collected, is called zōshoinpu ( 蔵 書 印譜 ). In addition to the publication of the stamp imprint, such stamp albums also contain bibliographical information on the stamped books and short résumés of all stamp users.

history

Origin in China

The stamping of paper and the letter stamps in China was preceded by the sealing with a sealing tone (mit 泥 , fūdei ) until the Han period . For this purpose, documents or vessels were tied and a small lump of clay was attached to the cord, into which the seal was pressed. In this way, on the one hand, the sender expressed his social status and, on the other hand, he ensured in an easily identifiable way that there were no falsifications during the delivery. The use of stamps as official seals or official stamps ( 公 印 , Kōin ) was only allowed for certain officials for official authentication or as proof of their authority.

The oldest seals that have been proven to be used as stamps for storage include the stamp with the characters "Jōgan" 「貞 観」 of the Tang Emperor Taizong and the stamp with the characters "Kaigen" 「開元」 of Emperor Xuanzong Zu den The oldest magazine stamps ( zōin ) of this time include the stamps of the imperial family on manuscripts and paintings.

However, the actual use of book stamps in China only began with the Song Dynasty . It was not until the Song Dynasty, when paper and printing technology spread and there was an increase in publications, that seals and stamps made great strides. This went hand in hand with the development of a culture of appreciation for painting and calligraphy, which led to the signing of manuscripts and paintings by means of seals on the surface of the paper. The oldest stamps that were used for books and manuscripts are the stamp 「永存 珍 秘」 of people successively holding the Chancellery from the Tang period, the stamp 「收 閲 古書」 by Liang Xiu? and the stamp "Books of the Secret Cabinet"? ( 「秘閣 図 書」 ) of Emperor Wen .

Book stamps have been widely used since the Ming and Qing dynasties as the private use of stamps increased, as did the general interest and appreciation of the stamp as an item.

Japanese development

Stamp by Empress Kōmyō from the 8th century on the “synopsis of various letters from the house of Du to the end-of- life ” ( 杜家立 成 雑 書 要略 , toka rissei zassho yōryaku ). The stamp shows the characters: Sekizen Tōke ( 積善 藤 家 ).
Book stamp of the Tōkyō Shojakukan that was in use from the time it was established in August 1872 until April 1875. The stamp shows the characters: 「書籍 館 印」 ( shojakukan'in ), simply: "Stamp of the Shojakukan".

Book stamps spread from China to countries in Southeast Asia such as Japan, Korea, and countries in the East Asian cultural area where characters were used. It is no longer possible to determine exactly when book stamps came to Japan. Since the Middle Ages, the spread of the book stamp in Japan went hand in hand with the lively importation of scripts from the Song and Yuan dynasties ( 宋元 版 , Sōgenban ). The oldest Japanese evidence of using stamps to indicate ownership are the stamps “Sekizen Tōke” ( 「積善 藤 家」 ) and “Naike Shiin” ( 「内 家私 印」 ) stamped on the “synopsis of various letters from the house You for the out-of-the- box completion "( 杜家立 成 雑 書 要略 , toka rissei zassho yōryaku , Chinese Dujia licheng zashu yaolüe ) by Empress Kōmyō (701-760) from the 8th century, which is in the Shōsōin (treasure house) of the Tōdai-ji . The oldest example of a stamp from a book collection is the stamp " Tripitaka des Hōryū-ji " ( 法 隆 寺 一切 経 ) in Kongō Jōdaranikyō ( 金剛 場 陀羅尼 経 ), a Japanese sutra of esoteric Buddhism. Another example of a stamp from ancient Japanese are the stamps “ Reizei -in” ( 「冷然 院 印」 ) and “ Saga -in” 「嵳 峩 院 印」 at the end of the Chinese anthology of poetry Bunkan Shirin ( 文 館 詞 林 , Chinese Wenguan cilin , English Forest of officials' poems and prose ) compiled by Xu Jingzong (592-672). It is the stamp of the "Zushoryō" ( 「図 書 寮 印」 ), the court library of the imperial house, which in the Ritsuryō system belonged to the Kunaishō ( 宮内 省 ), a forerunner of today's Imperial Court Office ( Kunai-chō ). Within the court office that administered the imperial property, the court library was a sub-department with the task of storing and copying writings and documents.

The abovementioned examples of the use of the book stamps can also be found in books from the Nara to around the Heian period , but the stamp was not so much used to indicate ownership, rather you can often find notes added with a brush. At this time, book stamps are only recorded as stamps in the sutras of the temples.

It is generally believed that the actual use of book stamps began with the advent of libraries (bunko) in the Kamakura period . A first book stamp of this kind is the library stamp of the "Kanazawa Bunko" ( Kyūjitai : 金澤文 庫 ). The stamp “No no Kokugaku” ( 「野 之 國學」 ) of the Ashikaga school and the stamp “ Kōzan-ji ” ( 「高 山寺」 ) of the temple of the same name also date from this period .

With the spread of books among the common people and the increase in literacy in the Edo period , the appearance of the book stamps also changed. The daimyat and Han schools produce imposing stamp designs and the scholars of the Kokugaku ("National School") use book stamps with their own design and stamp text for the first time as private persons and bibliophiles . The increase in interest in book stamps can be seen in the example of the neoconfucianist Hayashi Razan , who used dozens of book stamps such as the stamp "Kōun Iju" ( 「江 雲 渭 樹」 ) or the stamp "Dōshun" ( 「道 春」 ) with the name, which he received in the monastery. At the same time one finds many book stamps in the novels of the lending libraries (Kashihonya). During this time, the first collections of book stamps were made.

present

Book stamps were originally used for classical Chinese and for Japanese books ( 和 本 , wahon ), which were bound in the old, traditional manner, but the increasing number of western printed works in modern times (since the Meiji period ) are also stamped.

In modern libraries these days, simple rubber stamps that were used as book stamps are being replaced by labels on which the name of the library and a barcode are noted. As a rule, the date is also added, which takes on the function of the recording stamp. However, the culture of the book stamps in Japanese libraries will probably not be completely abolished, as there is also the opinion that such a pragmatic labeling of valuable documents such as old works of Japanese literature is not appropriate and that traditional book stamps are required.

Appearance

Stamp ink
vermilion ( 朱色 , shuiro ), followed by black ink ( 墨色 , sumiiro ) is the most common used as the stamp color . Although the color red fades to a lesser extent with age and is therefore better and more practical than black, Indian ink is also used very often because the black of the ink goes well with the white of the paper. In addition, ink was also used because red was originally reserved for the nobility and official occasions and should therefore not be used by private individuals. It is believed that the trend of using black stamps to avoid grandeur and luxury increased during the Zen- influenced Muromachi period . Since the Momoyama period , when the techniques of pigment refinement were developed, blue book stamps such as the “Kokumeikan Book Collection” ( 「克明 館 蔵 書」 ) stamp of the Hamamatsu school and indigo blue stamps such as the stamp 家 在 縁 山東 have appeared書 会 待 賈 堂 by Iwamoto Kattoshi and the stamp “Mioriya Bunko” ( 「美 織 屋 文庫」 ). Other stamp colors of that time were black, green and a strong yellow. In modern libraries today the coming embossing and the embossment used in order to preserve the original state of the books (see also about: supralibros ).
Stamp imprint (Typar)
The stamp or the symbol (Typar) usually consists of the name of the owner or the artist name or the title ( 号 , gō ) supplemented by one of the following terms: "Zōsho" ( 「蔵 書」 , for example: book collection ), "Kura" ( 「蔵」 , about magazine ), "Kasō" ( 「架 蔵」 , about (book) owned by ), "Tosho" ( 「図 書」 , about book (from) ), "no shirushi" ( 「之 印」 , for example stamp from ), "Bunko" ( 「文庫」 , for example book storage ). Libraries in particular have a book stamp with a clearly defined typeface. Stamps to which place names such as place of residence, place of birth etc. are added can often be found in China. The stamp of private book collectors is usually designed as a signet stamp for private use ( 遊 印 , yūin ), whereby the stamp imprint can be designed as a line of poetry, a whole waka or a small message to posterity.
Printing types
The basis of the characters are those Kanji based on the ancient Chinese printing types that began in the “Eight Styles of Qin ” ( 秦 の 八 体 ) and which were used as seal script for official seals. However, newer forms such as the rule script ( Kaisho ), the cursive script ( Gyōsho ), the grass script ( Sōsho ) or a continuous Kana script ( 連綿 体 , renmentai ) are used, more rarely also Latin letters ( Rōmaji ). The scholars of the National School in particular also used the Hiragana , Katakana , Man'yōgana and Jindai Moji as fonts.
Shape and size of the stamp
In general, a stamp imprint is enclosed in a frame. The shape of the frame was almost always square on old stamps, but there were also round borders. Tall rectangular shapes, the tanzaku shape, double frames, etc. have also been used since the Heian period. In addition, there are barrel-shaped or barrel-shaped ( 俵 型 , tawara-gata ), oval and rhombic shapes as well as stamps in the shape of a pumpkin or thing vessel ( 鼎 ). The size ranges from 15 cm to 6 mm small stamps. Very large stamps that cannot be overlooked are usually used in libraries. In this country, stamps with a frame are usually called a cartridge.
Stamp materials
The following materials are used for stamps: copper , iron , gold , silver , jade , stone , clay , wood , bamboo and others. Metal was widely used during the Nara and Heian periods. Nowadays, wooden stamps, suigyū stamps ( 水牛 印 ), elegant stamps made from the black horn of the water buffalo, or cheaper rubber stamps are often used in libraries .
Placement of the stamp imprint
The book cover , the flyleaf , the half-title , the first page or the end of the book serve as places for stamping books . In Chinese and Japanese books, stamps are usually stamped at the beginning of a book and here on the free space above or below the title or the edge of the first book page. For books that are bound in the western style, either the front or back of the title page or the flyleaf are used for stamping . If the book is stamped at the end of the book, the stamp is usually placed in the middle of the last, white page. The stamp is usually stamped directly on the paper surface of the book page, except for bookplates that are glued into the book.
If books change hands frequently, the book stamps are arranged above or below one another in a column, either starting on the title page at the bottom of the page and placing the stamps in ascending order and continuing above the title, or placing the stamps directly below the title in descending order . However, there are also examples where one and the same owner uses a large number of offset stamps, such as the Chinese emperor Qianlong , who stamped his favorite scrolls, such as the 『快 雪 時 晴 帖』, more than ten times.
and display information about the image
A variety of Qianlong emperor's stamps on a scroll

Examples of book stamps

Konofumiwokaritemimuhito.png Book stamps in books awarded by Ban Nobutomo (1773–1846). Right and left on the sides with a waka : 「こ の 文 を か り て 見 む 人 か ら む に は 讀 み は て ゝ 疾 く 返 し た ま へ や」 , for example: "May this book be returned by the borrower as soon as it is read" Kamigamohounou.png Book stamp used to stamp books that Imai Jikan (1657–1723) dedicated to the Kamigamo Shrine . The pumpkin-shaped stamp made of black ink shows: 「上 鴨 奉 納」 “Dedicated to Kamigamo”.
Razan1.png Rectangular book stamp by Hayashi Razan with the characters: 「羅山」 , Razan Razan2.png Rectangular book stamp in Tanzaku format by Hayashi Razan with the characters: 「江 雲 渭 樹」 , Kōun Iju (stamp after Hayashi's death)

Meaning and use

Identify the owner
The main function of book stamps is to prevent the loss of a book by indicating the original location or owner to the person borrowing or receiving a stamped book. If there are stamps in a book that show that it was once in the possession of a famous person, this increases the value of the stamped book as a collector's item.
In order to explain the origin of a book, a manuscript or a painting, bibliographies also use the book stamps that were added with every change of owner as a reference point. The identification of actual previous owners still has its limits, because of course there are also cases in which borrowed books have been stamped by the borrower, subsequent generations use the same letter stamp as the parents, books in order to sell them have been stamped in order to avoid the falsification to give the impression, according to tradition, that it is a valuable book or cases in which people for posterity stamp books with the name stamps of previous owners for the sake of archiving and classification.
Notes for borrowers and future owners
In addition to book stamps, which act as the user's signature, there are often instructions that warn about the careful handling of the loaned book or return it or indicate what to do with the book after the owner's death. The most famous book stamps of this type are:
* Stamp from Ban Nobutomo with the waka: 「こ の 文 を か り て 見 む 人 か ら む に は 讀 み は て ゝ 疾 く 返 し た ま へ や」 , for example: "May this book be returned by the borrower as soon as it is read"
* Stamp of the merchant Aoyagi Bunzō 「勿 折角 勿 巻 脳 勿 以 墨 汚 勿令 鼠 噛 勿 唾 幅 掲」 (analogously: Do not bend the corners, do not ... wrap, do not smear with ink, do not let mice gnaw at them, don't spit on the pages)
* Stamp of the herbalist Abe Rekisai (1805–1870): 「ま た が し は い や 阿 べ 喜 任」 ( 「又 貸 し は 嫌」 , meaning: further lending undesirable)
Artistic value
Of course, among the bookstamps from private individuals and above all those from book lovers, there are also those whose design and stamp text have been carefully considered in order to express their own preference for books beyond the purely practical purpose of indicating ownership. Tasteful book stamps can therefore have an artistic value in themselves that is conducive to the beauty of a book. Conversely, a carelessly devised book stamp can also be detrimental to a book. Therefore, a stamp design should be selected that is consistent with the book and its features and should not be stamped excessively or with stamps that are too large.
Misuse of stamps
Book stamps are also commonly used exclusively for stamping books. It can happen, however, that book stamps are misappropriated and used as a signature stamp ( Rakkan'in or as an unregistered name stamp).
Use in the library
Libraries use book stamps with the name of the library, on the one hand to make it easier for library users to distinguish between private and borrowed books, and on the other hand to make it easier to classify the books in the event of theft. New books that are added to the inventory are registered and immediately stamped. If a book is removed from the inventory, the book stamp is also made invalid by a marking line. To avoid confusion between stamps from private individuals and a library's book stamp, libraries often use large-format and eye-catching stamps.
Fakes
Since the commercial value of old possessions of well-known families, documents and books increased over time, books were also provided with forged letter stamps. There are many reports showing the stamps of the Kanazawa Bunko as forgeries.

Other types of stamps and markings

In addition to the general stamps, there are also stamps with specific functions whose similarities and differences to general book stamps are described below.

Kanzōin ( 鑑 蔵 印 )
is a form of the hallmark of quality for calligraphy and painting, which originally dates back to the Chinese Tang period and is now used by collectors to identify storage locations and collections. In contrast to the book stamp, a kanzōin only designates stamps that can be found on individual works of painting or calligraphy. They are also taken into account in expert reports and in determining the value.
Admission stamp
The acceptance stamp (also: registration stamp 登録 印 ) ensures that books are managed effectively in libraries by stamping the date and inventory number. Since the general letter stamp ( 蔵 書 印 ) also indicates the library inventory to which a book belongs and since this results in a repetition of the information, many libraries combine the letter stamp with the date used for recording stamps for the sake of simplicity.
Signature and signature stamp
All three types of stamps mentioned below are used by the author ( 作者 ) or publisher to sign books or works with stamps. In contrast, the book stamp provides information about the owner .Rakkan'in ( 落款 印 ) refers to an artist's signature that is stamped on a finished painting. Sōhan'in ( 蔵 版 印 ) indicates possession of the printing block . Kaiseiin ( 魁星 印 ) designates a stamp with a figure as a Typar, usually the seal is also designed as a figure.
bookplate
From the stamp imprint, which is stamped directly on the book pages, a distinction is made in Japan between ex-libris, which in the same function indicate the owner of a book, but consist of a slip of paper and are glued into a book. In Japan bookplates are seen as a western development, while book stamps are seen as an East Asian development. Bookplates can also be glued into a book like a label.
Handwritten ownership notes
are mostly in the colophon , the postscript, in old printed works and copies, and made with a brush about the possession and passing on of a book, which allow conclusions to be drawn about the provenance .

See also

literature

  • 既 刊 蔵 書 印譜 索引 稿 (印 文 篇) (index of published collections of book stamps). In:National Institute of Japanese Literature(ed.):調査 研究 報告 (research report). tape 1 , 1980, ISSN  0289-0410 , pp. 52-134 .
  • 既 刊 蔵 書 印譜 索引 稿 (人 名篇) (index of published collections of book stamps - register of persons). In:調査 研究 報告 (investigation report). tape 2 , 1981, p. 153-234 .
  • 既 刊 蔵 書 印 影 索引 稿 (印 文 篇) (index of published collections of book stamps - register of stamp texts). In:調査 研究 報告 (investigation report). tape 3 , 1982, pp. 49-184 .
  • 既 刊 蔵 書 印 影 索引 稿 (人 名篇) (index of published collections of book stamps - person registers). In:調査 研究 報告 (investigation report). tape 4 , 1983, p. 109-234 .
  • Fuji Takashi: 日本 古典 書 誌 学 総 説 (Introduction to the book studies of Japanese classics) . Izumi Shoin, 1991, ISBN 4-87088-472-0 , p. 22-24 .

Collections of book stamps

General collections
  • Mimura Chikusei (ed.): 藏書 印譜 ( collections of letters ) . Shūkokai, 1922 ( ndl.go.jp ).
  • Asakura Haruhiko (Ed.): 蔵 書名 印譜 (Collection of well-known book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, December 1977.
  • Nakano Mitsutoshi (Ed.): 近代 蔵 書 印譜 (Collection of modern letter stamps) (=  日本 書 誌 学 大 系 . Volume 41 , no. 1-5 ). Seishōdō Shoten.
Special collections
  • Nakai Yoshiyuki (ed.): 鴎 外 印譜 (Collection of Mori Ōgai's stamps ) (=  日本 書 誌 学 大 系 58 ). Seishōdō Shoten, June 1988.
  • Akiyama Takashi (Ed.): 水 戸 の 藏書 印 (Mito's letter stamp) (=  日本 書 誌 学 大 系 62 ). Seishōdō Shoten, April 1990.
Collections of stamps from various institutions
  • National Archives Cabinet Library (Ed.): 内閣 文庫 藏書 印譜 (Collection of book stamps from the cabinet library) . March 1981.
  • Asakura Haruhiko: 国立 国会 図 書館 蔵 蔵 書 印譜 (Collection of book stamps from the National Parliamentary Library) . Ed .: National Parliamentary Library . Rinsen Shoten, 1985, ISBN 4-653-00888-4 .
  • Zhengzhang Lin: 近世 名家 藏書 印譜 ： 無窮 會 圖書館 神 習 文庫 本 に 據 る (letter stamp of famous personalities of the modern age) (=  日本 書 誌 学 大 系 . No. 24 ). Seishōdō Shoten, April 1982.
  • National Parliamentary Library (Ed.): 人 と 蔵 書 と 蔵 書 印 - 国立 国会 図 書館 所 蔵 本 か ら (People, books and book stamps - from the books of the National Parliamentary Library) . Yūshōdō, 2002, ISBN 4-8419-0307-0 ( ndl.go.jp ).
  • Inami Ryōichi (Ed.): 京 大 人文 研 藏書 印譜 (一) (Collection of letter stamps from the Research Center for the Cultural Sciences Kyoto) (=  東方 学 資料 叢刊 . No. 16 ). 京都 大學 人文 科學 研究所 附屬 漢字 情報 研究 セ ン タ ー , February 2008 ( nii.ac.jp ).

Exhibition catalogs

  • Kusanagi Kinshirō? (Ed.): 香 川 県 蔵 書 印 影 展示 目録 解説 ： 讃 岐 の 文庫 に つ い て (for example: Annotated catalog with letter stamps from Kagawa Prefecture: the Sanuki book collection) . Kagawa Prefectural Library, 1958.
  • National Institute of Japanese Literature (Ed.): 蔵 書 印 展 ： 国 文学 研究 資料 館 特別 展示 図 録 . 1984, ISBN 4-87592-013-X .
  • Exhibition Committee of the National Parliamentary Library (Ed.): 本 の な か の 小 さ な 宇宙 ： 蔵 書 票 と 蔵 書 印 (for example: The small universe in a book: bookplate and book stamp) . August 1994.

Web links

Commons : Japanese Letter Stamps  - collection of images, videos, and audio files
Commons : Books with Japanese letter stamps  - collection of pictures, videos, and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Bookplates are referred to in Japanese by the term Zōshohyō ( 蔵 書 票 ). The use of bookplates is seen as a typical western development, often also opposite to the use of book stamps, as a typical Asian development.
  2. ↑ a b Bunko, in contrast to Toshokan, denotes a book magazine or a font store. It is an old name for library.
  3. ↑ The provenance, i.e. the origin and tradition, can be read from the overall view of the stamps. The history of art is concerned with provenance research , in particular of stamps and signatures on woodcuts or scrolls with images and text. In addition, the bibliography also uses book stamps as an auxiliary science of literary studies in order to trace the transmission history of a work.
  4. ↑ While one speaks of the book stamp ( zōshoin ) in books , stamps on calligraphy and paintings are called kanzōin . These can be combined with a handwritten signature. They are used by collectors and connoisseurs to appraise works of art. In this respect, these stamps are also exemplary, which is also reflected in the meaning of the character kan 鑑 .
  5. ↑ Examples of stamps from old bookstores are the stamps of the bookseller Darumaya Goichi ( 達摩 屋 五一 ) from the Edo period and the bookseller Ganshōdō ( 厳 松 堂 ). A stamp used by Darumaya Goichi bears the inscription "Taikadō" ( 待 賈 堂 ); a name that was also used by Ike no Taiga as an artist name. For illustration see: Database of the National Institute of Japanese Literature Search term 待 賈 堂
  6. ↑ Figure see online database of the Imperial Court Office; Tab and index of the treasure house ( 正 倉 院 宝物 検 索 ), search term: 成 成 penultimate figure.
  7. ↑ a b This is a composition of the term sekizen ( 積善 ), which related to trigram 2 ( 坤 , kūn, meaning "ground", "mother", the "receiving end") of the I Ching means that good deeds also pay off for the descendants, and the name of the Fujiwara family ( 藤原 家 , where 原 is left out).
  8. ↑ The Tōkyō Shojakukan ( 東京 書籍 館 ) and the Asakusa Bunko ( 浅 草 文庫 ) were established as imperial libraries and were the first modern libraries in Japan. They are also the forerunners of the National Parliamentary Library .
  9. ↑ Contrary to popular belief, Minahiko Ogino doubts the authenticity of the two stamps.
  10. ↑ See online database “Cultural Heritage Database”. The stamp made with black ink 「法 隆 寺 一切 経」 is at the bottom right of the illustration of the canon 金剛 場 陀羅尼 経 ( memento of the original from February 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. to see. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / bunka.nii.ac.jp
  11. ↑ The 文 館 詞 林 in the online and network database of Waseda University, Maki 452
  12. ↑ Examples of the earlier use of letter stamps in temples and shrines are similar to the examples of the earlier use of bookplates in Christian monasteries.
  13. ↑ Figure see online database of the National Institute of Japanese Literature , under the ID: 03162.
  14. ↑ Figure in the database for letter stamps of the University of Kyūshū (Japanese)
  15. ↑ Illustration and details in the database for bookstamps of the National Institute of Japanese Literature under the search term " 美 織 屋 文庫 ".
  16. ↑ Here the imprint, as opposed to the stamp, is meant as a device. The imprint can have an enclosure or a frame, which is treated according to the shape and size of the stamp .
  17. ↑ One example is the stamp 「和 歌 山 藩 図 書 KERLEGSCHULE」 (sic!) Of the oval seal of the Kishū Naval Academy .
  18. ↑ Examples in the parliamentary library's online database .
  19. ↑ 『快 雪 時 晴 帖』 at the National Palace Museum
  20. ↑ a b The stamp shows the first part of the Waka written in Katakana on the right : 「コ ノ フ ミ ヲ カ リ テ ミ ム ヒ ト ア ア ラ ム ニ ハ」 , on the left the second part of the Waka in Katakana: 「ヨ ミ ハ タ テ テ シ ク ク ク テ テ ヘ ク ク ク タ テ . In the middle of the stamp the text: 「若 狭 酒井 家 々 人 伴 氏 蔵 本」 .
  21. ↑ The efficiency in proving a theft is limited, as there is a risk that book stamps will be forged or stamped pages of a book will be torn out. For this reason, small, hidden stamps ( 隠 し 印 ) are attached to unusual, more difficult to discover parts of the book, but their use is seldom because of the high expenditure.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Norihisa Misuda: 日本 古典 籍 書 誌 学 辞典 . Ed .: Muneo Inoue et alii. Iwanami Shoten, 1999, ISBN 4-00-080092-2 , p. 352 (Japanese).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Misuta Norihisa: 蔵 書 印 . In: Ichiko Teiji, Noma Kōshin (ed.): 日本 古典 文学 大 辞典 . No. 4 . Iwanami Shoten, 1984, ISBN 4-00-080061-2 , p. 23 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Kazuma Kawase: 日本 書 誌 学 用語 辞典 . Yūshōdō Shoten, 1982, ISBN 4-8419-0283-X , p. 174-175 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e Takashi Horikawa: 書 誌 学 入門 - 古典 籍 を 見 る ・ 知 る ・ 読 む . Bensei Shuppan, 2010, ISBN 978-4-585-20001-7 , pp. 96-99 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Morikuni Watanabe: 蔵 書 印 . In: Ōsone Shōsuke et alii (ed.): 日本 古典 文学 大事 典 . Meiji Shoin, 1998, ISBN 4-625-40074-0 , pp. 735-736 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e f 蔵 書 印 . In: 図 書館 用語 辞典 編 集 委員会 (Ed.): 最新 図 書館 用語 大 辞典 (Latest lexicon of specialist library terms) . Kawashishobō, 2004, ISBN 4-7601-2489-6 , pp. 292 .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g Jun'ichirō Kida: 本 の 情報 事 典 . Heibonsha, 1991, ISBN 4-7852-0047-2 , 66 蔵 書 印 印章 の 歴 史 と と も に , p. 92 .
  8. ↑ a b Wakayama Prefecture Museum: コ ラ ム 「持 ち 主 を 示 す ハ ン コ」 . In: 和 歌 山 県 立 博物館 ニ ュ ー ス . February 21, 2015, accessed April 23, 2012 .
  9. ↑ a b c Kikuya Nagasawa: 書 誌 隨想 . Ed .: 長 澤 規矩 也 先生 喜 壽 記念 會 (=  長 澤 規矩 也 著作 集 . No. 6 ). Kyūko Shoin, March 1984, p. 51-52 (Japanese).
  10. ^ Ulrich Wattenberg: Japanese books, book lovers and libraries. (PDF) In: Kleine Reihe 24. Mori-Ôgai-Gedenkstätte der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2003, p. 7 , accessed on February 21, 2015 .
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Noriaki Ono: 蔵 書 印 . In: 日本 歴 史 大 辞典 . No. 6 . Kawade Shoboshinsha, 1979, ISBN 4-309-60906-6 , pp. 243 .
  12. ↑ Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Japanese book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X , p. 4 .
  13. ↑ a b Kunihiro Yuasa: 墨 の 道 ： 印 の 宇宙 . Osaka Daigaku Suppankai, 2008, ISBN 978-4-87259-242-9 , pp. 79 .
  14. ↑ a b c Nobuyoshi Yamamoto: 古典 籍 が 語 る - 書 物 の 文化史 . Yagi Shoten, ISBN 4-8406-0044-9 , (5) 伝 領 記 本 の 伝 来 (Japanese, limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed February 20, 2015]).
  15. ↑ a b Kan'ichi Minagawa: 署名 と 捺印 . In: コ ミ ュ ニ ケ ー シ ョ ン (=  歴 史学 事 典 . No. 15 ). Kōbundo, 2008, ISBN 978-4-335-21045-7 , pp. 358 .
  16. ↑ a b Watanabe Morikuni: 別 冊 〈蔵 書 印 › . In: 國史 大 辭典 (roughly: Great Lexicon of Japanese History) . No. 8 . Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1987, ISBN 4-642-00508-0 .
  17. ↑ 達摩 屋 五一 . In: 朝日 日本 歴 史 人物 事 典 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved January 11, 2015 (Japanese).
  18. ↑ a b c d e Kunihiro Yuasa: 墨 の 道 ： 印 の 宇宙 . Osaka Daigaku Suppankai, 2008, ISBN 978-4-87259-242-9 , pp. 70-73 .
  19. ↑ 封 泥 . In: ブ リ タ ニ カ 国際 大 百科 事 典 小 項目 事 典 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved February 15, 2015 (Japanese).
  20. ↑ a b c d e Kin'ya Niizeki: 東西 印章 史 . Tōkyōdō Shuppan, 1995, ISBN 4-490-20268-7 , pp. 196-202 .
  21. ↑ Sanjirō Ichimura, Sukinobu Takikawa: 支那 史 . No. 4 . Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1892, 甘露 の 變 , p. 43-44 ( ndl.go.jp ).
  22. ↑ a b c Bunpei Yoshiki: 印章 綜 説 . Gihōdō, 1971, p. 111 (Japanese).
  23. ↑ Rokurō Hayashi: 光明 皇后 (=  人物 叢書 . No. 79 ). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1961, ISBN 4-8406-0044-9 , 積善 藤 家 , p. 1-2 .
  24. ↑ a b 積善 藤 家 . In: 世界 大 百科 事 典 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved January 5, 2015 (Japanese).
  25. ↑ a b Haruhiko Asakura: 国立 国会 図 書館 蔵 蔵 書 印譜 . Ed .: National Parliamentary Library . Rinsen Shoten, 1985, ISBN 4-653-00888-4 , pp. 172 (Japanese).
  26. ↑ Shojakukan and Asakusa Bunko: Foundation of the museum library. Tokyo National Museum , 2015, accessed on February 22, 2015 (English, with a picture of the Asakusa Bunko).
  27. ^ A b Peter Kornicki: The book in Japan: a cultural history from the beginnings to the nineteenth century (=  Handbuch der Orientalistik . Volume 7. ). Brill, 1998, ISBN 90-04-10195-0 , Ownership, pp. 398-406 ( google.com ).
  28. ↑ 内 家私 印 . In: 世界 大 百科 事 典 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved January 5, 2015 (Japanese).
  29. ↑ Markus Rüttermann: Decency through distance . Notes on "matching and leaving out" (heihutsu keijutsu) in the Sino-Japanese letter label. In: Japonica Humboldtiana . tape 5 . Berlin 2001, p. 5–62 ( hu-berlin.de [PDF; accessed January 6, 2015]).
  30. ↑ a b Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Japanese book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X , p. 11-13 .
  31. ↑ Minahiko Ogino: 印章 (=  日本 歴 史 叢書 . No. 13 ). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, May 1966, p. 111-128 .
  32. ↑ Takeo Kiuchi: 別 冊 〈蔵 書 印 › . In: 國史 大 辭典 . No. 8 . Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1987, ISBN 4-642-00508-0 , p. 548 .
  33. ↑ a b c d Kazuma Kawase: 日本 書 誌 學 概 説 . Kōdansha, May 1972, p. 66-67 .
  34. ↑ Bunpei Yoshiki: 印章 綜 説 . Gihōdō, 1971, p. 312 (Japanese).
  35. ↑ a b c d Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Japanese book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X , p. 70-73 .
  36. ↑ Hiseichi Igi: 日本 古 文書 学 . Yūzangaku Shuppan, 1976, p. 170-173 .
  37. ↑ Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Japanese book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X , p. 40 .
  38. ↑ Bunpei Yoshiki: 印章 綜 説 . Gihōdō, 1971, p. 314 (Japanese).
  39. ↑ a b c Hayashi Seiichi: 圖書 の 受 入 か ら 配 列 ま で ： 學校 學校 ・ 圖書館 ・ 諸官 公署 ・ 會 社 . Osaka Yago Shoten, September 1933, 六 三 蔵 書 印 , p. 242-256 ( ndl.go.jp ).
  40. ↑ a b c d e Shukei Maesono: 図 書館 資料 論 . Ed .: Takehiko Kitajima (=  現代 図 書館 学 講座 . No. 2 ). Tokyo Shoseki, 1993, ISBN 4-487-71402-8 , pp. 149-151 .
  41. ↑ a b Akira Ishihara: 古 医書 の 保存 と 整理 に つ い て の 私 見 . In: 医学 図 書館 協会 , Association of Medical Libraries (ed.): 医学 図 書館 (Igaku Toshokan) . tape 19 , no. 3 , 1972, ISSN  0445-2429 , p. 219-222 , doi : 10.7142 / igakutoshokan.19.219 (Japanese).
  42. ↑ Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Japanese book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X , p. 79-80 .
  43. ↑ a b Mitsutoshi Nakano: 書 誌 学 談 義 ： 江 戸 の 板 本 . Iwanami Shoten, 1995, ISBN 4-00-002955-X , p. 263-265 .
  44. ↑ Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Japanese book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X , p. 76-79, 80-82 .
  45. ↑ 蔵 書 印 は な ぜ 朱色 な の か . In: 蔵 書 印 の 世界 電子 展示会 . National Library of Parliament , accessed April 19, 2012 (Japanese).
  46. ↑ Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Japanese book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X , p. 76-79, 82 .
  47. ↑ Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Japanese book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X .
  48. ↑ Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Japanese book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X , p. 79-80 .
  49. ↑ Katsuzo Taketa: 藏書 印 殊 に 文庫 印 . In: 史学 (Shigaku) . tape 1 , no. 3 , May 1922, ISSN  0386-9334 , p. 440-456 ( nii.ac.jp ).
  50. ↑ Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Japanese book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X , p. 100 .
  51. ↑ Kikuya Nagasawa: 書 誌 隨想 . Ed .: 長 澤 規矩 也 先生 喜 壽 記念 會 (=  長 澤 規矩 也 著作 集 . No. 6 ). Kyūko Shoin, March 1984, p. 50-51 (Japanese).
  52. ↑ Ichijima Kenkichi: 春城 随筆 . Osaka Yago Shoten, 1923, 八四 蔵 書 印 小 話 , p. 213-215 ( ndl.go.jp ).
  53. ↑ Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Nihon no zōshoin) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X , p. 45 .
  54. ↑ Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Japanese book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X , p. 40 .
  55. ↑ Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Japanese book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X , p. 91-92 .
  56. ↑ Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Japanese book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X , p. 92-95 .
  57. ↑ Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Japanese book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X , p. 98 .
  58. ↑ Tokutomi Sohō : 蘇 峰 隨筆 . No. 1 . Minyusha, September 1925, 蔵 書 印 , p. 186-188 ( google.com ).
  59. ↑ Bunpei Yoshiki: 印章 綜 説 . Gihōdō, 1971, p. 315-316 (Japanese).
  60. ↑ Shigetomo Kōda: 書 誌 学 の 話 (=  日本 書 誌 学 体系 . No. 7 ). Seishōdō Shoten, June 30, 1979, 蔵 書 印 .
  61. ↑ 伴 信 友 . In: 蔵 書 印 の 世界 電子 展示会 . National Parliamentary Library , accessed May 2, 2012 (Japanese).
  62. ↑ a b Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Japanese book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X , p. 63 .
  63. ↑ Horikawa Takashi: 蔵 書 印 の 見方 ・ 読 み 方 - 書 物 の 伝 来 - . (PDF) Shidō Bunko Research Institute at Keio University, accessed on January 9, 2015 (Japanese).
  64. ↑ Fukujirō Yagi: 新編 古 本 屋 の 手 帖 . Suppan News, 2008, ISBN 978-4-582-76653-0 , 蔵 書 印 と 蔵 書 票 (book stamps and bookplates), p. 112-116 .
  65. ↑ Kikuya Nagasawa: 古書 の は な し ： 書 誌 学 入門 . Fuzambō, February 1977, p. 147-148 .
  66. ↑ Kikuya Nagasawa: 書 誌 隨想 . Ed .: 長 澤 規矩 也 先生 喜 壽 記念 會 (=  長 澤 規矩 也 著作 集 . No. 6 ). Kyūko Shoin, March 1984, p. 53-54 (Japanese).
  67. ↑ a b c Konosuke Hashiguchi: 和 本 入門 ： 千年 生 き る 書 物 の 世界 . Heibonsha, 2005, ISBN 978-4-582-83292-1 , pp. 199 .
  68. ↑ a b Kikuya Nagasawa: 書 誌 隨想 . Ed .: 長 澤 規矩 也 先生 喜 壽 記念 會 (=  長 澤 規矩 也 著作 集 . No. 6 ). Kyūko Shoin, March 1984, p. 44-49 (Japanese).
  69. ↑ Kikuya Nagasawa: 書 誌 隨想 . Ed .: 長 澤 規矩 也 先生 喜 壽 記念 會 (=  長 澤 規矩 也 著作 集 . No. 6 ). Kyūko Shoin, March 1984, p. 44-49 (Japanese).
  70. ↑ Noriaki Ono: 日本 の 蔵 書 印 (Japanese book stamps) . Rinsen Shoten, 1977, ISBN 4-653-00028-X , p. 32 .
  71. ↑ Sueo Maruyama: 國學 史上 の 人 々 . Ed .: 丸山 季 夫 遺稿 集刊 行 会 . Tanchōsha, July 1979, 本 は 大 切 に , p. 359-362 .
  72. ↑ Miyagi Prefectural Library (ed.): 「こ と ば の う み」 . No. December 23 , 2006 (Japanese).
  73. ↑ Kikuya Nagasawa: 書 誌 隨想 . Ed .: 長 澤 規矩 也 先生 喜 壽 記念 會 (=  長 澤 規矩 也 著作 集 . No. 6 ). Kyūko Shoin, March 1984, p. 48-49 (Japanese).
  74. ↑ Satoshi Takahashi: 書 誌 学 の す す め ： 中国 の 愛 書 文化 に 学 ぶ (=  東方 選 書 . No. 40 ). Tōhō Shoten, 2010, ISBN 978-4-497-21014-2 , p. 67-68 .
  75. ↑ Ichijima Kenkichi: 市 島 春城 古書 談 叢 . Yūzangaku Shuppan, August 1978, p. 226-227 .
  76. ↑ Kikuya Nagasawa: 書 誌 隨想 . Ed .: 長 澤 規矩 也 先生 喜 壽 記念 會 (=  長 澤 規矩 也 著作 集 . No. 6 ). Kyūko Shoin, March 1984, p. 137 (Japanese).
  77. ↑ a b Shibata Teruhiko: 書 誌 . In: Ichiko Teiji, Noma Kōshin (ed.): 日本 古典 文学 大 辞典 . No. 3 . Iwanami Shoten, 1984, ISBN 4-00-080063-9 , p. 427-428 .
  78. ↑ Kikuya Nagasawa: 書 誌 隨想 . Ed .: 長 澤 規矩 也 先生 喜 壽 記念 會 (=  長 澤 規矩 也 著作 集 . No. 6 ). Kyūko Shoin, March 1984, p. 43-44 (Japanese).
  79. ↑ a b c Atsuo Miyasawa: 図 書館 情報 資源 概論 (for example: floor plan of library aids and information) . Risōsha, 2010, ISBN 978-4-650-01090-9 , p. 88-89 .
  80. ↑ Atsuo Miyasawa: 図 書館 情報 資源 概論 (for example: floor plan of library aids and information) . Risōsha, 2010, ISBN 978-4-650-01090-9 , p. 214.231 .
  81. ↑ Kikuya Nagasawa: 書 誌 隨想 . Ed .: 長 澤 規矩 也 先生 喜 壽 記念 會 (=  長 澤 規矩 也 著作 集 . No. 6 ). Kyūko Shoin, March 1984, p. 53-54 (Japanese).
  82. ↑ 鑑 蔵 印 . In: 百科 事 典 マ イ ペ デ ィ ア at kotobank.jp. Retrieved February 20, 2015 (Japanese).
  83. ↑ 蔵 版 . In: デ ジ タ ル 大 辞 泉 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved February 20, 2015 (Japanese).
  84. ^ Stamps with Animal and Plant Motifs. National Parliamentary Library, accessed on February 24, 2015 (English, illustrations of figurative typars.).