Jean Crotti

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Jean-Joseph Crotti (born April 24, 1878 in Bulle south of Freiburg in Üechtland , † January 30, 1958 in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris ) was a Swiss-French painter and graphic artist of Dadaism .

Life

Jean Crotti was the son of Charles Crotti, who came from Isone in Ticino , and the younger brother of the later famous American doctor André Crotti . He was originally supposed to work in his father's facade painting and plastering business in Freiburg, but instead began studying at the arts and crafts school in Munich in the winter semester of 1894/95 , which, however, did not meet his expectations. In 1898 he was an intern in a studio for stage decoration in Marseille before he began studying art at the renowned Académie Julian in Paris in 1901 , where he began to work with Edgar Degas . His first marriage was Yvonne Antoinette Chastel in 1908.

Initially, from Impressionism and later from Fauvism , Nabis and the Art Nouveau influences, he began in 1910 to experiment and turned over to Cubism to Dadaism to. He was able to exhibit his first works in 1907 in the Salon d'Automne in Paris and in 1908 in the Salon des Indépendants .

Because of the outbreak of the First World War , Crotti traveled to America with his wife in 1915 , first to his brother in Ohio , then to New York . In New York he met the art collector couple Walter and Louise Arensberg and befriended Francis Picabia , with whom he worked on the art magazines 391 and New York Dada . In the autumn and winter of 1915/16 he shared a studio with Marcel Duchamp , where he also met his sister Suzanne .

In the autumn of 1916, Crotti separated from his wife Yvonne Chastel and returned to Paris, where he married Suzanne Duchamp in 1919, immediately after his divorce. In the following years he made numerous paintings and exhibited them in important galleries in England , France , Germany and the United States . From 1927 he was a French citizen and was later appointed Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur .

In the late 1930s, Crotti developed a technique of stained glass called "Gemmail". Here, colored glass parts are provided with an adhesive on a clear pane of glass and joined together by heating. Illuminating the work from behind creates the appearance of three-dimensionality . Among others, Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque worked with this technique.

Jean Crotti died of a heart attack in 1958 at the age of 79, on the same day as his brother André. He was buried in the Cimetière de Saint-Léonard cemetery in Freiburg im Üechtland, next to his parents. The grave still exists today (as of February 2016).

Crotti's heirs gave his personal documents such as correspondence, essays and photographs to the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution .

Early works

  • 1915
Portrait sur mesure de Marcel Duchamp , assemblage
  • 1916
Le Clown , assemblage
Les Forces mécaniques de l'amour, mouvement , assemblage
Virginité en déplacement , paintings
  • 1918
O = T + T + O
  • 1920
Tschuchigniagui
Neurhastenia
Idée en course de procession
Poésie sentimental
L'Escalier infini
Thomas A. Edison
  • 1921
Laboratoire d'idées
La Mariée dévissée
Mystère acatène

Exhibitions

  • 1907
Salon d'Automne, Paris
  • 1908
Salon des Indépendants, Paris
  • 1921
Taboo: Exposition des oeuvres de Suzanne Duchamp et Jean Crotti, Galerie Montaigne, Paris
  • 1959/60
Rétrospective Jean Crotti. December 11, 1959 - January 11, 1960, Musée Galliéra, Paris
  • 1983
Taboo Dada. Jean Crotti & Suzanne Duchamp: 1915–1922, Kunsthalle Bern, Musée national d'art moderne, Paris and others

literature

  • Jean Carlo Bertoli: Jean Crotti l'oeuvre peint 1900-1958. 5 Continents, Milan 2007, ISBN 978-88-7439-371-8 (catalog raisonné).
  • Laurent Le Bon (Ed.): Dada , catalog de l'exposition présentée au Center Pompidou du 5 octobre 2005 au 9 janvier 2006. Editions du Center Pompidou 2005, ISBN 2-84426-277-5 , pp. 298-301.
  • Artist Lexicon of Switzerland. XX. Century. Volume 1, Huber, Frauenfeld 1958, p.?.
  • Biographical lexicon of Swiss art. Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 1998, vol. 1, p. 239 ff.
  • Crotti, Jean . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 1 : A-D . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1953, p. 497 .
  • Crotti, Jean . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 5 : V-Z. Supplements: A-G . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1961, p. 404 .
  • Marie Ollier: Crotti, Jean . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 22, Saur, Munich a. a. 1999, ISBN 3-598-22762-0 , p. 444.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Carl W. Peters: American scene painter from Rochester to Rockport
  2. ↑ Jean Crotti. Biographical data and works in the Netherlands Institute for Art History (Dutch).
  3. ^ A b Dagmar Böcker: Jean Crotti. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland. March 8, 2005, accessed April 28, 2019 .
  4. ^ Www. britica.com : Gemmail, accessed September 12, 2010
  5. ^ Times, February 10, 1958.Retrieved July 24, 2010
  6. ^ Robert Savary: Jean-Joseph Crotti. In: Find a Grave . February 18, 2016, accessed April 28, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Jean Crotti Papers, 1910–1973 . Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
  8. ↑ Fig.
personal data
SURNAME Crotti, Jean
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Crotti, Jean Joseph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss-French painter and graphic artist
DATE OF BIRTH April 24, 1878
PLACE OF BIRTH Bull near Freiburg in Üechtland
DATE OF DEATH January 30, 1958
Place of death Paris