Johann Gustav Heckscher
Johann Gustav Wilhelm Moritz Heckscher (born December 26, 1797 in Hamburg , † April 7, 1865 in Vienna ) was a German lawyer and politician .
biography
Moritz Heckscher was born the son of a Jewish banker. In 1808 his father had him evangelically baptized in the name of Johann Gustav Wilhelm. From 1811 to 1816 he attended the Johanneum School of Academics . Heckscher took part in the Wars of Liberation as a volunteer in 1815 . From 1816 to 1820, he studied at the universities of Heidelberg and Göttingen Law and received his doctorate in Göttingen 1820th During his studies he became a member of the Old Göttingen Burschenschaft (1816), the Old Heidelberg Burschenschaft (1817), the Corps Guestphalia Heidelberg (1818) and the Göttingen and Heidelberg Burschenschaft (1818). In 1817 he was a participant in the Wartburg Festival . Heckscher was enrolled as a lawyer in Hamburg on November 10, 1820 . In the following years he traveled to Italy, France, England and Russia and usually stayed in each country for almost two years. He then worked as a lawyer in Hamburg until 1853, wrote several political and legal writings and was committed to founding a university in his hometown and as president of the Lawyers' Assembly.
In 1848 he took part in the pre-parliament , was a delegate in the Fifties Committee and represented the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg from May 18, 1848 to May 30, 1849 as a member of the Frankfurt National Assembly . There he represented a kind of constitutional monarchy . He wanted a strong monarchical central power with a popular representation, which is only limited to the legislature . In July 1848 he played a major role in the establishment of the Provisional Central Authority and was, among other things, the spokesman for the Reichsverweserdeputation . On July 15, Heckscher , who belonged to the casino faction, was appointed the first Reich Minister of Justice of the provisional central authority under Prime Minister Karl zu Leiningen ; on August 9, he also took over the Reich Foreign Ministry . After Leiningen's resignation as a result of the rejection of the Treaty of Malmö on September 5, 1848, he went to Turin and Naples as envoy of the central authority until the end of the year . In December 1848 he left the casino faction and henceforth voted with the federally oriented Paris court . At the beginning of 1849, as a delegate of several committees, he tried again in vain to find a Greater German solution . After the dissolution of the Frankfurt Parliament, Heckscher returned to Hamburg and continued to work as a lawyer.
From 1853 until his death in 1865 he was the Hanseatic envoy and Hamburg ministerial resident in Vienna.
Others
Heckscher was one of the founders of the Hamburg rowing club in 1836 , and since 1840 he has also been an editor for the Hamburger Nachrichten .
literature
- Heiko Holste: Germany's first justice minister - the Hamburg lawyer Johann Gustav Moritz Heckscher. In: Neue Juristische Wochenschrift , issue 11/2016, pp. 760–764.
- Wolfgang Klötzer : Heckscher, Johann Gustav Wilhelm Moritz. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 186 ( digitized version ).
- Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Sub-Volume 2: F-H. Winter, Heidelberg 1999, ISBN 3-8253-0809-X , p. 269.
- Wolfgang Meyer: 54. Heckscher, Joh. Gustav Wilh. Moriz. , In: From the high school graduate register of the Johanneum 1804-27 , Lütcke & Wulff, Hamburg 1906, pp. 26-27, digitized .
- Heinrich Best , Wilhelm Weege: Biographical manual of the members of the Frankfurt National Assembly 1848/49. Droste-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1998, ISBN 3-7700-0919-3 , p. 172.
- Egbert Weiß : Corps students in the Paulskirche , in: Einst und Jetzt , special issue 1990, Munich 1990, p. 23.
- Werner von Melle: Heckscher, Dr. Johann Gustav Wilhelm Moritz . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, pp. 215-218.
- Sebastian Seiler : The Complot of June 13, 1849, or the last victory of the bourgeoisie in France. A contribution to the history of the present . Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 1850, p. 34 ff. MDZ Reader
Portraits
- Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein , 1805, The Sons of Martin Anton Heckscher, location at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
- Isidor Popper , lithograph , sheet size. 39 × 29 cm, Berendsohn, Hamburg, [approx. 1848], ( online , portrait collection of the Hamburg State and University Library)
- Moritz Daniel Oppenheim , lithograph, sheet size. 39 × 30 cm, Jügel , Frankfurt a. M., [approx. 1848], ( online , portrait collection of the Hamburg State and University Library)
- Anonymous, chalk lithograph, sheet size. 16.7 × 13.9 cm, [approx. 1848], ( online , German Historical Museum, inventory no. Gr 62/41)
- Valentin Schertle , lithograph, 30.9 × 22.7 cm, Eduard Gustav May , Frankfurt, (no year), Heidelberg University Library, inventory no. Graph. Coll. P_0804
Web links
- Portrait and curriculum vitae in Buchner, among others: Contemporaries in biographies and portraits: a people's book , Jena 1849.
- Flyer dated September 21, 1848 with the false report of the murder of Heckscher together with Lichnowsky and Auerswald , announced by radical democrats as a message of joy
- Dr. Johann Gustav Wilhelm Moritz Heckscher (Hamburg personalities)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wolfgang Meyer: From the high school graduate matriculation of the Johanneum 1804-27 p. 26, matriculation No. 54
- ^ Bernhard Sommerlad : Wartburg Festival and Corps students. Then and now . Vol. 24 (1979), p. 37 (No. 29).
- ↑ a b c Gerrit Schmidt: The history of the Hamburg legal profession from 1815 to 1879, Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3923725175 , p. 324.
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Heckscher, Johann Gustav |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Heckscher, Johann Gustav Wilhelm Moritz |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German lawyer and politician |
DATE OF BIRTH | December 26, 1797 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Hamburg |
DATE OF DEATH | April 7, 1865 |
Place of death | Vienna |