John II (Burgundy-Nevers)

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John of Burgundy in the regalia of the Order of the Golden Fleece
Coat of arms of John of Burgundy. In the squares the coats of arms of Philip the Bold , Rethel, Artois and Brabant

John of Burgundy or John of Clamecy from the House of Valois-Burgundy (* 1415 in Clamecy ; † September 25, 1491 in Nevers ) was as Johann II. Count of Étampes , Nevers and Rethel and of Eu . He was the son of Count Philip II of Nevers and Bonne d'Artois .

biography

Johann was born in the same year that his father was killed in the Battle of Azincourt . As a younger son, he did not receive a title from his father and was therefore enfeoffed by his grandfather, Duke Johann I von Berry, with the county of Étampes . After the death of John von Berry in 1416, the French king denied the granting of the county and the transfer to John of Burgundy was delayed because of the process until the county was finally given to Richard of Bretagne in 1421 . Johann carried the title of Count of Étampes all his life.

As a young man, Johann fought in the army of his cousin, Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy, in Picardy (1434), in Calais (1436), in Luxembourg (1443) and in Flanders (1453). However, he fell out with Philip the Good's son, Charles the Bold, and therefore sided with the French King Louis XI. For this reason he was excluded from the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1468 , to which he had belonged since 1456.

After the death of his older brother Charles of Burgundy in 1464, he inherited his property, as he had remained without an heir. He became Count of Nevers and Rethel. In 1465 he supported King Ludwig XI. in the fight against the Ligue du Bien public and stood against his relative, Charles the Bold. In 1472 he inherited the county of Eu from his uncle Karl von Artois , which he wanted to sell to Charles the Bold in 1477 shortly before his death. However, the Duke's death prevented the transmission.

As heiress of Nevers and Eu, Johann first appointed his daughter from his first marriage, Elisabeth of Burgundy , but since she died before him, her son Engelbert von Kleve inherited the counties of Nevers and Eu in 1491 after his death. The county of Rethel went to Charlotte of Burgundy , daughter from second marriage.

family

Johann married in 1435 in Amiens Jacqueline d'Ailly († 1470), the daughter of Raoul d'Ailly. From this marriage there were two children:

In his second marriage, he married on August 30, 1471 in Boussac Pauline de Brosse (* 1450; † 1479), daughter of Jean II. De Brosse , Count of Penthièvre ( House Brosse ) and Nicole de Châtillon-Blois ( House Châtillon ). A daughter emerged from this connection:

In his third marriage, Johann married on March 11, 1480 in Châllus-Chabrol Françoise d'Albret (* 1454; † 1521), daughter of Arnaud Amanieu d'Albret, Lord of Orval, and Isabelle de La Tour d'Auvergne . She was the sister of Jean d'Albret-Orval. This marriage remained childless.

He also had several illegitimate children:

  • Johann, monk in Nevers
  • Gerhard
  • Peter of Nevers, legitimized by Marguerite de Ghistelles
  • Philipp von Nevers († 1522), legitimized by Marguerite de Ghistelles. Lord of Rosoy, ∞ Maria von Roye († 1488, House Roye ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Royal. Library in The Hague, 76 E 10: Statuts, Ordonnances et Armorial de l'Ordre de la Toison d'Or, Folio 65r
  2. ↑ Sonja Dünnebeil (Ed.): The protocol books of the Order of the Golden Fleece. Volume 2: The 1468 festival in Bruges under Duke Charles the Bold. Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2003, ISBN 3-7995-7912-5 , pp. 20f. ( Instrumenta 12).

literature

  • Raphael de Smedt (ed.): Les chevaliers de l'ordre de la Toison d'or au XVe siècle. Notices bio-bibliographiques. 2nd improved edition. Peter Lang, Frankfurt 2000, ISBN 3-631-36017-7 , pp. 125–129 ( Kieler Werkstücke. D 3).
  • Andrea Berlin, magic at the court of the Dukes of Burgundy. Rise and fall of the Count of Étampes . Konstanz 2016, ISBN 978-3-86764-635-2 ( late medieval studies , 6).
Commons : Jean de Bourgogne (1415-1491)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
predecessor Office successor
Johann von Berry Count of Étampes
1416–1421 		Richard of Brittany
Charles I. Count of Nevers
1464–1491 		Engelbert of Kleve
Charles I. Count of Rethel
1464–1491 		Charlotte of Burgundy
Charles of Artois Count of Eu
1472–1491 		Engelbert of Kleve
personal data
SURNAME Johann II.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES John of Burgundy
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Count of Nevers, Rethel and Eu
DATE OF BIRTH 1415
PLACE OF BIRTH Clamecy (Nièvre)
DATE OF DEATH September 25, 1491
Place of death Nevers