Joan of Spain
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Johanna von Spanien ( Spanish Juana de Austria Johanna von Österreich; * June 24, 1535 in Madrid ; † September 7, 1573 in San Lorenzo de El Escorial ) was an imperial princess from the House of Austria , Infanta of Spain , Archduchess of Austria and through Marriage to the Crown Princess of Portugal . She was the granddaughter and mother of a Portuguese and the daughter and sister of a Spanish king and thus linked the ruling houses in both states: Habsburg and Avis . From 1554 to 1559 Johanna was governor of Spain.
Life
Johanna was the youngest daughter of the emperor Charles V from his marriage to Isabella of Portugal . At the time of her birth she was Archduchess of Austria, Infanta of Castile and Aragon and Princess of Flanders and Burgundy. The Infanta was brought up in Spain with her siblings Philipp and Maria .
At the request of her father, Johanna married the heir to the throne of Portugal , Johann Manuel (1537–1554), who was also her cousin, on December 7, 1552 in Toro . This connection was significant for the later Iberian Union , i.e. the common reign of the Habsburgs from Philip II to Philip IV over Spain and Portugal.
Johanna's husband died of juvenile diabetes before the only child in the marriage was born . Johanna was recalled to Madrid to govern as representative of her brother Philip II. Spain, during this in England, as the husband of Queen I. Maria , was staying. She returned to Spain in 1554 and never saw Portugal or her son again; From then on, contact with Sebastian was limited to correspondence. The Kingdom of Spain administered Johanna until August 29, 1559. The decision to provide monetary and troop support for the reconquest of Bugia in 1555 was postponed by the regent until her brother returned. In 1556, however, she was responsible for the relief of Oran . The supervision of the upbringing of her nephew Don Carlos presented Johanna with a great challenge, which she was ultimately not up to. Johanna was considered to be a great patron of the Holy Inquisition and took part in numerous car cafés . After her brother's return, Johanna took an active part in court life. In 1565, a marriage of Johannas with the French King Charles IX was inconclusive. thought, with Johanna bringing all of Flanders into the marriage as a dowry.
In the last years of her life she devoted herself to religion, withdrew increasingly to the Descalzas Reales Clarisse monastery in Madrid, which she founded in 1559 and where she was buried, and gained importance as a supporter of the Jesuit order . She maintained close personal relationships with Francisco de Borja and Ignatius von Loyola . Allegedly, she is said to have secretly belonged to the order as the only woman. She died on September 7, 1573 in the Escorial Palace .
progeny
From their marriage Johanna had a son:
- Sebastian (1554–1578), King of Portugal
ancestors
| Maximilian I (HRR) (1459-1519) | |||||||||||||
| Philip I (Castile) (1478–1506) | |||||||||||||
| Mary of Burgundy (1457–1482) | |||||||||||||
| Charles V (HRR) (1500–1558) | |||||||||||||
| Ferdinand II (Aragón) (1452-1516) | |||||||||||||
| Joan of Castile (1479–1555) | |||||||||||||
| Isabella I (Castile) (1451–1504) | |||||||||||||
| Joan of Spain (1535–1573) | |||||||||||||
| Ferdinand of Portugal-Viseu (1433–1470) | |||||||||||||
| Manuel I (Portugal) (1469–1521) | |||||||||||||
| Beatrix of Portugal (1430–1506) | |||||||||||||
| Isabella of Portugal (1503–1539) | |||||||||||||
| Ferdinand II (Aragón) (1452-1516) | |||||||||||||
| Mary of Aragon (1482-1517) | |||||||||||||
| Isabella I (Castile) (1451–1504) | |||||||||||||
literature
- Johann Samuel Publication : General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts , Part 2, Volume 21, Gleditsch, 1842, p. 518
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Habsburg, Johanna von Oesterreich (Gemalin Johann's) . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 6th part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1860, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
- Friedrich Edelmayer , Arno Strohmeyer: The correspondence of the emperors with their envoys in Spain , Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1997, p. 193
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Georg Armborst: Genealogical forays through world history , Lehnen, 1957, p. 56
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Joan of Spain |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Juana de Austria |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Habsburg, daughter of Charles V, mother of Sebastian v. Portugal |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 24, 1535 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Madrid |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 7, 1573 |
| Place of death | El Escorial |