Johannes Schulze (theologian, 1786)

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Johannes Schulze

Johannes Karl Hartwig Schulze (actually Schultze ; born January 15, 1786 in Brüel , Mecklenburg-Schwerin , † February 20, 1869 in Berlin ) was a Prussian educator and cultural officer.

origin

His parents were the customs administrator Johann Georg Schultze (1760–1796) in Dömitz an der Elbe and his wife Hedwig Maria Sophie Lantzius (1764–1838), a daughter of the merchant and mayor of Brüel Karl Lantzius .

Life

Johannes Schulze attended the city school in Dömitz, then the cathedral school in Schwerin and finally the school at Kloster Berge . In 1805 he left the convent school and studied Protestant theology and philology in Halle with Friedrich August Wolf and Friedrich Schleiermacher . After the university was closed by Napoléon in the autumn of 1806, Schulze went to Berlin and then continued his studies in Leipzig with Gottfried Hermann and Gottfried Heinrich Schäfer . In the summer of 1807 he received his doctorate, in the spring of 1808 he went to Dresden, then worked briefly as a private tutor in Silesia and finally became a professor at the Wilhelm-Ernst-Gymnasium in Weimar in the autumn of 1808 . In 1812 - Schulze had meanwhile drawn attention to himself both philologically as co-editor of Winckelmann's works and in his fatherland as an anti-Napoleonic preacher - Dalberg appointed him to the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt . In 1812 Schulze was the founding director of the formerly reformed , now merged with the Lutheran grammar school, High State School in Hanau , which, across all denominations, was a model school for the Grand Duchy. In 1813 he was high school councilor of the Grand Duchy.

In the spring of 1816 Schulze entered Prussian service as a consistorial and school councilor in Koblenz . In July 1818, on Hardenberg's recommendation, he was appointed to the Prussian Ministry of Spiritual, Educational and Medical Affairs (Ministry of Culture) under Minister Karl vom Stein zum Altenstein , which had been founded six months earlier ; as early as November 1818 he was appointed to the Secret Upper Government Council and lecturing council . His area of ​​responsibility was initially the grammar schools, soon also the university system, including academies, libraries and public collections. He retained this large area of ​​activity until the death of Minister Altenstein in 1840. Under his successor Eichhorn , however, his competencies were gradually limited to the university area. Under Ladenberg and Raumer , Schulze was then director of the teaching department from 1849, and from 1852 with the title of a Really Secret Upper Government Council . In 1858 Schulze was elected a member of the Leopoldina . At the end of 1858 he retired at his own request.

Since 1819 Schulze was a supporter of Hegel , whose advice he also used in professional matters. After Hegel's death, Schulze ensured that professorships were filled with Hegelians. In 1833, for example, he brought the young Hegelian Karl Rosenkranz a call as a full professor at the University of Königsberg , and in 1835 he succeeded in filling Hegel's vacant professorship with Georg Andreas Gabler and at the same time creating a full professorship for Leopold von Henning . With Henning and Rosenkranz as well as Ludwig Boumann , Fritz Förster , Eduard Gans , Karl von Hegel , Heinrich Gustav Hotho , Philipp Marheineke and Karl Ludwig Michelet , Schulze belonged to the "Association of Friends of the Eternal", which from 1832 to 1845 published the complete edition of Hegel's works editions; Schulze himself edited Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit in this 1832 edition .

tomb

He is buried in the cemetery of the Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder communities in Berlin.

In the more recent research, Bärbel Holtz and Wolfgang Neugebauer in particular worked out that Schulze was not only in the field of philosophy, but across disciplines and faculties, the decisive personality in the appointment of new professorships for many years. Often, like his later successor in the office of Friedrich Althoff (1839–1908), he initiated new chair appointments on his own. Schulze can therefore be regarded as one of the most important personalities in the history of the Prussian universities in the middle of the 19th century.

family

He married Caroline Rössler (1784–1846), the widow of the businessman Johann Boehm , in Hanau in 1815 ; she brought their son Ludwig Georg Boehm (1811–1869) into the marriage. The couple also had five children. including:

  • Max (1820–1885), lawyer and city judge in Berlin

Fonts (selection)

  • Sermons . Reclam, Leipzig 1810.
  • About Iffland ’s play at the Weimarischer Hof Theater in September 1810 . Verlag des Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs, Weimar 1810.
  • About the steadfast prince of Don Pedro Calderon . Verlag des Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs, Weimar 1811.
  • Talking about the Christian religion . Schimmelpfennig, Halle 1811.
  • Two school speeches . Hopf, Hanau 1813.

as translator

as editor

literature

Web links

Commons : Johannes Schulze  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ralf Schumacher: The political integration of the Principality of Hanau into the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt. In: Hanauer Geschichtsverein 1844 eV: Hanau in the Napoleonic era (= Hanauer Geschichtsblätter 47). Hanau approx. 2015, ISBN 978-3-935395-21-3 , p. 164.
  2. ↑ Member entry of Johann Schulze at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on February 12, 2016.
  3. ↑ See on this Wolfgang Neugebauer: Scientific autonomy and university history in Prussia in the 19th century. In: Rüdiger vom Bruch (Ed.): The Berlin University in the context of the German university landscape after 1800, around 1860 and around 1910. (= Writings of the Historical College. Colloquia 76). With the collaboration of Elisabeth Müller-Luckner. Munich 2010, pp. 129–148. On Schulze's role, cf. also Michael Czolkoß: Studies on the history of historical science. The University of Greifswald in the Prussian university landscape (1830–1865) . Marburg 2015, from a, pp. 60-62, 143-149, 151-153, 158-160.
personal data
SURNAME Schulze, Johannes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schulze, Johannes Karl Hartwig (full name); Schultze, Johannes (real name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prussian educator and civil servant
DATE OF BIRTH January 15, 1786
PLACE OF BIRTH Brüel , Mecklenburg-Schwerin
DATE OF DEATH February 20, 1869
Place of death Berlin