John Augustus Lloyd

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John Augustus Lloyd (born May 1, 1800 in London , † October 10, 1854 on the Alma (River) ) was a British diplomat and civil engineer .

Life

John Augustus Lloyd was the youngest son of John Lloyd. He comes from an originally Welsh family who settled in Lynn Norfolk. John Augustus Lloyd studied in Tooting and Winchester . In 1815 he accompanied his older brother Charles Lloyd, who was Counselor on Tortola and later Attorney General on Dominica . He devoted himself to surveying, learned the Spanish language and the French language .

He was enlisted as a pioneer (military) by Simón Bolívar in Colombia and achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel .

From 1927 to 1928, with the consent of Simón Bolívar, he carried out a project study on a waterway between the Atlantic and the Pacific , on the isthmus near Panama . In 1830 he became a member of the Royal Society. From 1830 to 1831 it belonged to a body made up of the Admiralty (United Kingdom) and the Royal Society which determined the slope of the Thames east of London Bridge . From 1831 to 1849 he was in charge of public works in Mauritius . In 1849 he became a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers and a consulting engineer . In 1851 he was the representative for the representation of manufacturing methods and industrial products at the Great Exhibition .

Under Victoria (United Kingdom) the British government took up relations with the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation . The British Chargé d'Affaires resided in the capital Tacna . Lloyd was 1851 chargé d'affaires in Tacna, to his District as consul general was among Bolivia . According to his obituary , he was recalled to Tacna for health reasons, but soon afterwards he was entrusted with military reconnaissance in the Crimean War with appointment to the Foreign Office , where he was overtaken by cholera .

Bolivia does not exist

The separation of Bolivia (Upper Peru) from the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation was ignored by British diplomacy and cartography during the lifetime of Victoria (United Kingdom) . It was not until 1901 that Edward VII appointed William Nelthorpe Beauclerk, Minister Resident and Consul General in Lima and Quito, consecutively as a representative in La Paz .

The US citizen James Cunningham represented the British trading house J. Hegan & Company and invested in the tin mines of Coro Coro on the advice of Manuel Isidoro Belzu . When Beluzu closed North American and European trading houses by decree and canceled a tin supply agreement, James Cunningham filed a claim with the Prefect of La Paz, Francisco Belzu, a brother of Manuel Isidoro Belzu, for compensation for his investment, whereupon he was beaten and expelled from Bolivia . The Manuel Isidoro Belzu government did not provide adequate investment protection for British capital. As a result, experts were asked by the British government about the options of the gunboat policy . John Moresby stated that at that time Bolivia would have an insignificant port on the Pacific with Cobija (Chile) , whereas most of Bolivia's trade was carried out via Arica in Peru . The former envoy in Tacna of the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation, Frederick Wright-Bruce, advised against a sea ​​blockade , especially since Cobija (Chile) was a natural port with no infrastructure and no connection to the hinterland.

La Leyenda Negra

In 1869, George Earl Church received the concession from José Mariano Melgarejo to build the Madeira-Mamoré railway line , which opened up the Bolivian part of the Rio Madeira catchment area to the Atlantic . Stocks were sold for the project at £ 1,700,000 before the project failed in 1870 and 1878. Church is considered to be the author of a version of the black legend based on the non-recognition of Bolivia by Victoria (United Kingdom) , the child-friendly version of which Eduardo Galeano in The Open Veins of Latin America on page 170 f. rumored .

Publications

  • Account of Levellings Carried across the Isthmus of Panama, to Ascertain the Relative Height of the Pacific Ocean at Panama and of the Atlantic at the Mouth of the River Chagres; Accompanied by Geographical and Topographical Notices of the Isthmus

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Maury A. Bromsen , Legacy of a Bookman, The John Carter Brown Library, CROSSING THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA THE EASY WAY
  2. ^ Royal Society , [1]
  3. ↑ Institution of Civil Engineers Library, OBITUARY  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , JOHN AUGUSTUS LLOYD, 1800-1854@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.icevirtuallibrary.com  
  4. ↑ how bolivia lost its hat , Eugenio Chang-Rodríguez, Latinoamérica : su civilización y su cultura?, 2008, 429 S, p. 164
  5. ^ Trade and Travel in South America
  6. ↑ AA Shchelchkov, La utopía social conservadora en Bolivia : el gobierno de Manuel Isidoro
  7. ↑ June 4, 2012, Run Out of Town on an Ass
  8. ^ Susanna B. Hecht, Alexander Cockburn, The Fate of the Forest : Developers, Destroyers, and Defenders of the Amazon
  9. ↑ Eduardo Galeano, Las Venas Abiertas de América Latina , p. 193
  10. ^ Account of Levellings Carried across the Isthmus of Panama
predecessor Office successor
1848–1851: Consul General Frederick Bruce List of Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Bolivia
1851-1853 		1874–1884: Consul General Spenser St. John
personal data
SURNAME Lloyd, John Augustus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British ambassador
DATE OF BIRTH May 1, 1800
PLACE OF BIRTH London
DATE OF DEATH October 10, 1854
Place of death Alma (river)