John Kells Ingram

John Kells Ingram (born July 7, 1823 in Templecarn ( Pettigo ), County Donegal , † May 1, 1907 in Dublin ) was an Irish poet, philologist , economist and historian . In addition, he was an Irish patriot and Ireland's quest for independence from Great Britain also played a significant role in his life.

Life

Ingram was born in the small town of Templecarn in the northernmost county of Ireland, in a very rural area at the beginning of the 19th century. During his lifetime the potato blight fell , which led to the famine of 1845–1849 .

He was descended from Scottish Presbyterian immigrants who were strongly influenced by the ideals of the French Revolution and the American War of Independence at the time.

His grandfather, Captain John Ingram , ran a flax seed mill in Glennane and, in 1782, funded a volunteer corps in County Armagh known as Lisdrumhure Volunteers or Mountnorris Volunteers .

When Ingram was six years old (1829), his father, William Ingram, a Trinity College scholar and rector of the Church of Ireland, died . As a result, his mother moved to Newry with her five children in order to provide a better education for the children. Ingram first attended Mr. Lyons School in Newry from 1829 to 1837.

In 1840, at the age of sixteen, Ingram published sonnets in Dublin University Magazine .

Career

On October 13, 1837, he enrolled as a student at Trinity College (Dublin) and stayed with it for seventy years. He studied rhetoric , law , English literature and Greek . He became increasingly interested in sociology and economics , which established themselves as independent university disciplines in the second half of the 19th century. In his published in 1888 work History of Political Economy ( History of Economics he used) for the first time the concept of Economic Man ( homo economicus ). In March 1843, Ingram wrote the poem The Memory of the Dead in the company of like-minded scholars John O'Regan, Thomas O'Regan, and George Shaw . This ballad in memory of the dead of the United Irishmen- led Irish Rebellion of 1798 was then published in The Nation Newspaper on April 1, 1843 . The poem was set to music for voice and piano by John Edward Piggot in 1845; before that it was sung with the melody by Auld Lang Syne .

He was an advocate of the Home Rule for Ireland, but at the same time he was also in favor of the development of Ireland by drawing on the Kingdom of Great Britain (Ireland did not leave the Commonwealth until 1949 after over three centuries of British rule).

Ingram died in Dublin in 1907 and was buried in Mount Jerome Cemetery .

Working for the Encyclopedia Britannica

According to his biographer Sean D. Barrett, Ingram wrote some articles for the ninth and eleventh editions of the Encyclopedia Britannica from 1882 to 1888 on Pierre Leroux , Cliffe Leslie , John Ramsay McCulloch , Georg Ludwig von Maurer , William Petty , Francois Quesnay , Karl Rau , David Ricardo , Jean Baptiste Say , Adam Smith , Jacques Turgot and Arthur Young. In his article on slavery in, Auguste Comte's follower writes that he and David Hume would deliver the best philosophy of slavery. Here Ingram quotes Du Bois Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States earlier than other WEB . Du Bois' book is cited by Ingram as one of the major works on slavery between the 18th and early 20th centuries.

Ingram recommends the following reading for economic growth and the organization of work:

• Adam Smith : Wealth of Nations - (Book 3, Chapter 2)
• John Stuart Mill : Political Economy - (Book 2, Chapter 5)
• John Elliott Cairnes : Slave Power - (Chapter 2)

He has also written articles on Sumptuary Laws (dress code and consumption laws ). From 1891 to 1896 Ingram wrote articles in Palgrave's Dictionary of Economics on Cliffe Leslie, Friedrich List, and Karl Marx . He also wrote on the subjects of work and trade , which he linked to slavery , including domestic slavery in Europe. His book A History of Slavery and Serfdom was based on his article on slavery with a look at the French economist and journalist Charles Dunoyer , who suggested that the economic order of any society was based on slavery and the existence of industrial professions.

Appreciations

• John Kells Ingram's influence on the field of economics is described by economist Richard Ely of Johns Hopkins University and the University of Wisconsin as follows:

A humane and kind spirit took over the place of the old dryness and harshness that had held so many of the best minds back from studying economics and won them over to this "cloudy science". Moreover, the problem of the proletariat, the state and future of the working class, has gripped emotions as well as the intellect, including that of society, and this problem is being viewed in a more serious and compassionate spirit than before

• 1998 - In 1998 the influence of Auguste Comte and positivism was discussed in detail in a "Handelsblatt" published by Trinity College - on the bicentenary of the Irish Rebellion of 1798 - which event Ingram remembered with Memory of the Dead .

Works

Fiction

• 1840 - Sonnets -, In: The Dublin University Magazine
• 1843 - The Memory of the Dead
• 1845 - The pirate's revenge, or, A tale of Don Pedro and Miss Lois Maynard -, Wright's Steam Power Press, Boston 1845.
• 1846 - Amelia Somers, the orphan, or, The buried alive -, Wright's Steam Power Press, Boston 1846.
• 1897 - Love and Sorrow , priv., Dublin 1897.
• 1900 - Sonnets and Other Poems , Adam & Charles Black, London 1900

Non-fiction

• 1878 - The present position and prospects of political economy (1878), (German by H. v. Scheel, Jena 1879)
• 1888 - A History of Political Economy Edinburgh, Adam and Charles Black (1888); New York, Macmillan (1894); McMaster University Archive for the History of Economic Thought, number ingram1888 (on line). (Reprint from the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1888; German von Roschlau, Tübingen 1890)
• 1895 - A History of Slavery and Serfdom London, Adam and Charles Black; New York, Macmillan (1895) (reprinted Lightning Source (2007) ISBN 1-4304-4390-1 (German version: history of slavery and bondage , German by L. Katscher, Dresden 1895; history of slavery and bondage , reprint -Verlag-Leipzig, ISBN 3-8262-0902-8 ):
• Outlines of history of religion (1900)
• 1900 - Sonnets and Other Poems . A. & C. Black 1900.
• 1901 - Human Nature and Morals According to Auguste Comte . A. & C. Black 1901.
• 1904 - Practical Morals (1904)
• 1905 - The Final Transition (1905)
• Also a lot of work on English literature and Greek and Latin etymology .

Web links

• Sean D. Barrett, Biography of Ingram (PDF; 56 kB) , acknowledging the importance of his poem "The Memory of the Dead" and Ingram's work at Trinity College
• A history of political economy , online version on the McMaster University server.
• Works by and about John Kells Ingram at Open Library
• Works by John Kells Ingram in the Gutenberg-DE project

Individual evidence

1. ↑ John Kells Ingram, Slavery: Bibliography - Slavery and the Slave Trade , Encyclopedia Britannica (1902)
2. ↑ http://www.jstor.org/pss/1009272
3. ^ Charles Dunoyer, De la Liberté du travail, L. IV. Chap. IV. § 1 (1845)
4. ↑ Sean D. Barrett, "John Kells Ingram (1823-1907)", Trinity Economic Paper Series: Paper No. 99/9 (PDF; 56 kB)