Junonia orithya

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Junonia orithya
Junonia orithya in Thekkady 2016

Junonia orithya in Thekkady 2016

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Noble butterfly (Nymphalidae)
Subfamily : Spotted butterfly (Nymphalinae)
Genre : Junonia
Type : Junonia orithya
Scientific name
Junonia orithya
( Linnaeus , 1758 )

Junonia orithya is a butterfly from the noble butterfly familywith many subspecies thatis widespreadin Africa , southern and southeastern Asia and Australia .

Surname

Due to the wide distribution of the species, it is not surprising that not only are many different popular names in use, but also many synonyms have emerged. In India it is known as blue pansy , while in South Africa it is referred to as eyed pansy , where the name blue pansy is used for Junonia oenone . The name in Afrikaans is Padwagtertjie . In Australia it is called the blue argus .

features

female

The body is dark black or brown on top. The head is notched and reddish-brown with an orange spot and two palps . The antennae are white or off-white, as is the underside of the body. The species shows a slight sexual dimorphism : in the males, a little more than half of the fore wing is velvety black from the base, and smoke colored towards the edge. The wing cells often have two short transverse orange bars and a bruise. The outer edge of the black area is partly zigzag-shaped and has a large, disc-shaped, but mostly difficult to see ocellus . However, this can also be clearly surrounded by orange-yellow. Behind it runs a wide, white, irregular band, followed by a short sloping bar. Behind it is a small, black-orange-red ocellus and a row of white spots. The wings are outlined in black and white fine white hairs on the edge. The hind wings are iridescent blue with a velvet black base. Several black and white spotted ocelli with an orange border are present in fields 2 and 5 . The wing tips are white, criss-crossed by two delimiting black lines and covered with fine white cilia.

The underside of the wings is covered with black-rimmed ocher and orange-colored bands and towards the tip with a dirty white spot, small ocelli and marks on the edge that correspond to those on the upper side. The surrounding band is bordered by a black line that follows the lines of the black fields on the top. The hind wings are brownish mottled and covered with brown zigzag lines and in the outer cells with dark shadows in which the ocelli can be seen as on the upper side. Faint brown lines run along the edge.

In the female, the drawings are similar, but the ocelli and marks are more clearly defined and larger. The base of the wing is dark brown and hardly any blue is visible on the hind wings. Palps, thorax, and abdomen are dirty white.

Life cycle

Caterpillar

The caterpillars are black with a dark brown tinge, a short, orange neck and orange spots on the stubby feet. The body is covered with thorns, which in turn carry strong hair. The head is clearly set off with a reddish point on the face and small thorns on the eyes.

Doll

The doll is hung at the back, naked. The elytra are dirty yellow, the rest of the body purple with creamy white bands.

Adults

The adult butterflies stay over open areas, often sitting on the bare ground. The species flies with stiff strokes and glide phases and claims a territory from which it drives foreign butterflies.

Food plants of the caterpillars

The caterpillars feed on a variety of plants from the families Acanthaceae , Annonaceae , Convolvulaceae , Labiatae , Plantaginaceae , Scrophulariaceae , Verbenaceae , Violaceae . Especially known plants are Angelonia salicariifolia , Annona senegalensis , Antirrhinum majus , Asystasia gangetica , Asystasia scandens , Buchnera linearis , Englerastrum scandens , Hygrophila salicifolia , Hygrophila senegalensis , Ipomoea batatas , Justicia micrantha , Justicia procumbens , Lepidagathis formosensis , Lepidagathis prostrata , Misopates orontium , phyla nodiflora , Plantago amplexicaulis , Plectranthus scandens , Pseuderanthemum variabile , Striga asiatica , Striga hermonthica , Thunbergia alata , Viola odorata .

The following plants are attacked in South Africa; Graderia subintegra , Cycnium adonense , as well as species of the genera Hygrophila and Plectranthus .

gallery

Subspecies

  • Junonia orithya albicincta Butler, 1875 (Northern Australia, Cape York to Brisbane )
  • Junonia orithya baweana Fruhstorfer, 1906 ( Bawean )
  • Junonia orithya celebensis Staudinger, [1888] ( Sulawesi , Muna)
  • Junonia orithya eutychia (Fruhstorfer, 1912) ( Timor , Wetar, Babar, Kissar)
  • Junonia orithya hainanensis (Fruhstorfer, 1912) ( Hainan )
  • Junonia orithya here Lang, 1884 ( Saudi Arabia , Yemen )
  • Junonia orithya continentalis Martin, 1920 ( Sulawesi )
  • Junonia orithya kuehni Fruhstorfer, 1904 ( Lesser Sunda Islands , Kalao, Tukangbesi)
  • Junonia orithya leucasia (Fruhstorfer, 1912) ( Philippines )
  • Junonia orithya madagascariensis Guenée, 1865 ( Africa south of the Sahara )
  • Junonia orithya marcella (Hulstaert, 1923) ( New Guinea )
  • Junonia orithya metion Fruhstorfer, 1905 ( Borneo )
  • Junonia orithya mevaria Fruhstorfer, 1904 ( Lombok )
  • Junonia orithya minagara Fruhstorfer, 1904 ( Java , Bali , Komodo )
  • Junonia orithya minusculus Fruhstorfer, 1906 ( Sumba )
  • Junonia orithya neopommerana Ribbe, 1898 ( New Britain )
  • Junonia orithya novaeguineae Hagen, 1897 (New Guinea to Papua )
  • Junonia orithya ocyale Hübner, [1819] ( India to southern Burma and southern Yunnan )
  • Junonia orithya orithya (Oriental region)
  • Junonia orithya orthosia (Godart, [1824]) ( Ambon , Serang, Saparua, Sula Islands , Maluku)
  • Junonia orithya palea (Fruhstorfer, 1912) ( Tanimbar )
  • Junonia orithya patenas (Fruhstorfer, 1912) ( Sri Lanka )
  • Junonia orithya saleyra (Fruhstorfer, 1912) ( Salayar )
  • Junonia orithya sumatrana Fruhstorfer, 1906 ( Sumatra )
  • Junonia orithya swinhoei Butler, 1885 ( Burma )
  • Junonia orithya wallacei Distant, 1883 ( Thailand , Malaysian Peninsula , Singapore )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from September 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.taxapad.com
  2. ^ South African Butterfly Conservation Assessment: sabca.adu.org.za .
  3. ↑ a b M. Williams: Butterflies of Southern Africa; A field guide. 1994. ISBN 1-86812-516-5 .
  4. ↑ NYMPHALIDAE of Australia: http://lepidoptera.butterflyhouse.com.au/nymp/nymphalidae.html .
  5. ^ Charles Thomas Bingham : Fauna of British India. Butterflies Vol. 1 1905, pp. 358-359.
  6. ↑ Frederic Moore : Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. IV . Lovell Reeve and Co., London 1899-1900, pp. 69-72.
  7. ↑ CT Bingham : The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma Butterflies , 1st. Edition, Volume 1, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. , London 1905.
  8. ^ "Head and body of a very dark shining black shading into brown. ... head on a short neck, the latter of an orange color for a short distance; caudal extremity also tipped with orange. Body covered with perpendicular spines armed with strong radial hairs. ... Head bifurcated, reddish spot in center of face, a small spinous process in the angle of each eye. “Bingham 1905, after de Niceville.
  9. ↑ "suspended by tail, naked; wing covers of a muddy yellow; rest of body of a purplish color variegated by lines of a dull creamy white. Slight projections of an angular nature along abdomen. "Bingham 1905.
  10. ↑ HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/hostplants/

literature

  • CT Bingham: The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma Butterflies. 1st ed. Vol. 1, Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London 1905.

Web links

Commons : Junonia orithya  - collection of images, videos and audio files