Water lovers (genus)

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Water lovers
Indian water friend (Hygrophila polysperma), submersed

Indian water friend ( Hygrophila polysperma ), submersed

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Acanthus family (Acanthaceae)
Subfamily : Acanthoideae
Genre : Water lovers
Scientific name
Hygrophila
R.Br.

Wasserfreunde ( Hygrophila ), occasionally water Wedel called, are a genus of plants from the family of the Acanthaceae (Acanthaceae). Hygrophila species are found in tropical and subtropical areas of the New and Old World . They come mainly from Southeast Asia . Some species are neophytes in some countries .

description

Illustration from Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States , 1972 des Guyanischen Wasserfreund ( Hygrophila costata )
Hygrophila auriculata
Zygomorphic flowers of Hygrophila auriculata
Hygrophila wrestling
Hygrophila serpyllum inflorescence

Vegetative characteristics

Hygrophila species are herbaceous plants . Plant parts can be hairy or hairless. The opposite leaves are stalked or sessile with a simple leaf blade.

Generative characteristics

The flowers are laterally or terminally arranged in differently shaped inflorescences with foliage -like, elongated-lanceolate bracts and linear bracts.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth (perianth). The calyx has four to five different sized calyx lobes. The five petals are fused to form a cylindrical corolla tube. The crown is two-lipped, with the upright upper lip slightly two-lobed and the lower lip slightly three-lobed, the upper lip being shorter than the lower lip. There are four stamens present; either all are fertile or there are a pair of fertile stamens and a pair of staminodes . The stamens of each pair of stamens are fused together at the base. The protruding from the crown dust bag are two parts and stachelspitzig. Two carpels are at a two-chambered, Upper permanent ovary grown. There are usually four to eight (two to eighteen) ovules in each ovary chamber . The thin style is curved back and hairy. The top lobe of the scar is sloughed off, making the scar appear simple.

The unstalked, elongated-cylindrical capsule fruits usually contain 8 to 16 (4 to 36) seeds . The hairy seeds appear compressed and are egg-shaped to spherical.

Systematics

The genus Hygrophila was established in 1810 by Robert Brown . Synonyms for Hygrophila R.Br. are: Asteracantha Nees , Cardanthera Buch.-Ham. ex Benth. & Hook. f. , Kita A.Chev. , Synnema Benth. , Nomaphila flower . Some authors also include the species of the genera Hemiadelphis Nees and Santapaua N.P. Balakr . & Subr. in this genus. The genus Hygrophila belongs to the tribe Ruellieae in the subfamily Acanthoideae within the family of Acanthaceae .

There are around 80 species of Hygrophila :

use

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

food

In China , Hygrophila lancea leaves are eaten with oil and salt. In India the leaves are eaten by Hygrophila serpyllum (in Ahmadnagar and Bombay, there is called Godadi) and Hygrophila spinosa (in Igatpuri, Nasik and Bombay, there is called Kolosana).

Aquaristics

Many species of this genus play a role in aquaristics . They are considered to be easy to maintain. The Indian water friend and the Indian water star are among the types that are particularly often offered as " bundled goods ". They are among the most frugal and recommendable aquarium plants , as they also tolerate conditions under which many other aquarium plants perish.

swell

  • Kamal Akhtar Malik, Abdul Ghafoor: Hygrophila in the Flora of Pakistan : Online. (Sections Description and Systematics)
  • Jia-qi Hu, Thomas F. Daniel: Hygrophila R. Brown , p. 430 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 19: Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 . (Sections Description and Systematics)
  • LH Durkee: Hygrophila In: Flora of Panama , Part IX, In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 65, 1978: Online.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Hygrophila in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  2. ^ A b Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal .
  3. ^ MD Dassanayake, Francis Raymond Fosberg (editor): A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon . tape 12 . CRC Press, Smithsonian Institution 1998, ISBN 978-90-5410-270-0 ( MDDassanayake: Hygrophila from page 13. in the Google book search).
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Jia-qi Hu, Thomas F. Daniel: Hygrophila R. Brown , p. 430 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.) : Flora of China. Volume 19: Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9
  5. ↑ USDA data sheet - Hygrophila .
  6. ^ Hans-Georg Kramer: Plant aquaristics á la Kramer. Tetra-Verlag, Berlin-Velten 2009, ISBN 978-3-89745-190-2 , p. 154.
  7. ^ Taiwan Plant Names - Hygrophila .
  8. ↑ Werner Greuter, Rosa Rankin, Alejandro Palmarola: Hygrophila urquiolae (Acanthaceae), a new wetland species from Cuba. In: Willdenowia - Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem , Volume 39, Number 2, 2009, pp. 285-291. DOI: 10.3372 / wi.39.39207
  9. ↑ Christel Kasselmann : aquarium plants . Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1995; 2nd edition 1999, ISBN 3-8001-7454-5 , pp. 309-317.

Web links

Commons : Water Friends ( Hygrophila )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files