Caraway hair strand

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Caraway hair strand
Caraway hair strand (Dichoropetalum carvifolia), illustration

Caraway hair strand ( Dichoropetalum carvifolia ), illustration

Systematics
Order : Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily : Apioideae
Tribe : Selineae
Genre : Hair strand ( dichoropetalum )
Type : Caraway hair strand
Scientific name
Dichoropetalum carvifolia
( Vill. ) Pimenov & Kljuykov

The caraway hair strand ( Dichoropetalum carvifolia (Vill.) Pimenov & Kljuykov , Syn .: Peucedanum carvifolia Vill. ), Also known as the caraway leaf hair strand or caraway leaf hair strand , is a species of plant from the genus Dichoropetalum within the family of the umbellifers (Apiaceae).

description

Section of a double-ended inflorescence
Caraway hairline ( Dichoropetalum carvifolia ), herbarium specimen

Vegetative characteristics

The caraway hair strand grows as a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 30 to 100 centimeters. The stem is angularly furrowed and branched, at least in the upper area. The leaves are simply pinnate and shine on both sides, their leaf sections are pinnate, with linear-lanceolate tips.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from July to September. The double-gold inflorescences contain many flowers. The umbel rays are very unequal in length and on the inside (as well as the leaf margins) rough papillae . The inflorescence and envelope consist of a few bracts or envelope leaves or are absent. The flowers are five-fold. The corolla is yellowish or greenish-white and often reddish on the outside.

The double achane is 4 to 5 millimeters long and about 3 millimeters wide.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.

Occurrence

The distribution area of ​​the caraway hair strand includes Portugal, Spain, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Sicily, Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Turkey, European Russia and the Caucasus region. In Central Europe it is rarely found on the Saar , the Moselle , the Middle Rhine , in the southeastern Bavarian Forest between Laber and the mouth of the Isar , in the southern Swiss Jura , in Lower Austria , in Styria and in Carinthia , in the Netherlands and Belgium in meadows and on Flood dikes along the Rhine and Maas, the current distribution in France is shown in the distribution map of the INPN. The Swiss deposits are almost exclusively in the northwest (Jura).

The caraway hair strand does not thrive best on dry, humus-rich , deep loam or clay soils in locations with a warm climate . It colonizes fresh meadows , fresher semi- arid lawns , dry shrubbery and forest edges.

Systematics

The taxonomy of this species of plant is long and complex. The name goes back to an unclear description by Carl von Linnés , the species Seseli Carvifolia and Selinum Carvifolia ( Selinum carvifolia L. ) with an unclear, sometimes contradicting diagnosis, with reference to the work of Caspar Bauhin , who probably meant a different species. The species corresponds to the diagnosis of another botanist, Johann Friedrich Gmelin . The Austrian botanist Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz tries to resolve the contradiction in his revision of the umbellifers and now distinguishes between two species, which he named as Selinum carvifolium Gmelini and Selinum carvifolium Chabraei , both with diagnosis. When Dominique Villars later revised the umbelliferae, he took over the " Selinum carvifolium Chabraei " from Crantz, transferred it to the genus Peucedanum and named the species Peucedanum carvifolia . The name of Crantz does not correspond to the rules of botanical nomenclature due to its way of formation (as a trinomial). Nevertheless, later attempts were made to ascribe the name to Crantz or to retain its name form, such as Peucedanum carvifolia (Crantz) Villars , Peucedanum chabraei (Jacq.) Reichenb. or Peucedanum carvifolium-chabraei Crantz . Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz even established a genus Chabraea (with Peucedanum carvifolia as a type species ), which is illegitimate as a younger homonym.

It had long been clear to botanists working in morphology that the extremely species-rich genus Peucedanum must be polyphyletic in the old conception. A new classification was only possible by means of phylogenomic analyzes. Reduron et al. 1997 three species, including Peucedanum carvifolia , out of the genus and established a new genus Holandrea for them. This was confirmed in an analysis based on the 57S rRNA by Spalik et al. 2004 confirmed. In a later analysis, Pimenov et al. 2007 that another species of the (essentially confirmed) species group, namely Johrenia alpina Fenzl (Fenzl) had already received a valid generic name as Dichoropetalum alpinum Fenzl , accordingly the genus Holandrea had to be renamed to Dichoropetalum Fenzl in 1842. Accordingly, the name accepted today for the species is Dichoropetalum carvifolia .

It was part of the dissolved ( polyphyletic ) former large genus ( Peucedanum , hair strand ). The genus Dichoropetalum belongs to the tribe Selineae.

Synonyms for Dichoropetalum carvifolia (Vill.) Pimenov & Kljuykov are: Peucedanum carvifolia Vill. , Holandrea carvifolia (Vill.) Reduron, Charpin & Pimenov ( Vill. ) Pimenov & Kljuykov .

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 3 : Evening primrose plants to reddish plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dichoropetalum carvifolia (Vill.) Pimenov & Kljuykov, Kümmelblatt-Haarstrang. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  720 .
  3. ^ R. Hand (2011): Apiaceae. - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Dichoropetalum
  4. ↑ Karwijvarkenskervel: Wilde Planten en Nederland et Belgie .
  5. ↑ Peucédan à feuilles de Cumin: Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel
  6. ↑ Peucedanum carvifolia Vill. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  7. ↑ Marc Bruck: Selinum carvifolium versus Peucedanum carvifolia. A historical review of a botanical confusion and first notes on the botanical work of HJNCrantz. In: Bulletin Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois , Volume 90, 1990, pp. 153-161.
  8. ↑ J.-P. Reduron, A. Charpin, MG Pimenov: Contribution a la nomenclature generique des Apiaceae (Ombelliferes). In: Journal de Botanique de la Société Botanique de France , Volume 1, 1997, pp. 91-104.
  9. ↑ K. Spalik, J.-P. Reduron, SR Downie: The phylogenetic position of Peucedanum sensu lato and allied genera and their placement in tribe Selineae (Apiaceae, subfamily Apioideae). In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 243, 2004, pp. 189-210 doi : 10.1007 / s00606-003-0066-2
  10. ↑ Michael G. Pimenov, Eugene V. Kljuykov, Tatiana A. Ostroumova: Critical taxonomic analysis of Dichoropetalum, Johrenia, Zeravschania and related genera of Umbelliferae-Apioideae-Peucedaneae. In: Willdenowia , Volume 37, 2007, pp. 465-502. doi : 10.3372 / wi.37.37208

Web links

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