Hair strand (genus)

Strand of hair
	Masterwort ( Peucedanum ostruthium )
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids II
Order :	Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family :	Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily :	Apioideae
Genre :	Strand of hair
Scientific name
	Peucedanum
	L.

Hair strand ( Peucedanum ) is a genus of plants in the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae). The 100 to 120 species are common in Eurasia and Africa .

description

Illustration of Adolphus Ypey's Real Hair Strand ( Peucedanum officinale )

Infructescence and fruits of the masterwort ( Peucedanum ostruthium )

Vegetative characteristics

Haarstrang species are perennial or perennial herbaceous plants . At the base of the stem of most species there is a fibrous tuft of dead leaf sheaths .

The leaves are pinnate one to several or one to several threefold.

Generative characteristics

The flowers stand together in clearly double-gold inflorescences . The bracts are absent or several, if present, then undivided. The husk leaves are mostly present and numerous, more rarely absent.

The predominantly hermaphrodite flowers have a double flower envelope . There are usually clear calyx teeth present, more rarely they are missing. The white, reddish, yellowish or greenish petals have a long inwardly curved tip and are often outlined at the point of bending. The ovary and later the fruit are bare.

The fruits are strongly flattened on the back (dorsal), which makes the joint area large. The main ribs on the edge of the flat split fruit are winged. The main ribs on the back protrude clearly. There are one to three oil streaks under each of the valleys, and two to six on the joint surface. In the fruit state, the stylus is one to three times as long as the stylus cushion. The fruit holder is free and split down to the bottom.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Peucedanum was set up in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, page 245 and Genera Plantarum , 5th edition 1754. Peucedanum officinale L. was specified as the lectotype species in 1929 by Albert Spear Hitchcock in Nomenclature Proposals by British Botanists , page 139.

The genus Peucedanum belongs to the tribe Selineae in the subfamily Apioideae within the family of Apiaceae .

Many species of the genus Peucedanum sl have been separated into other genera, for example in Dichoropetalum Fenzl or Afroligusticum C. Norman . The North American species are, for example, in Lomatium Raf. or Cymopterus Raf. There are authors who only have eight to ten species in the genus Peucedanum s. st. that only occur in Eurasia.

The 100 to 120 species are common in Eurasia and Africa. There are around 40 species in China, 33 of them only there. There are around 29 species in Europe. Occurring in Central Europe types are: Alsace hair strand ( Peucedanum alsaticum ), whipper hair strand ( Peucedanum altissimum ), Austrian hair strand ( Peucedanum austriacum ) peucedanum cervaria ( Peucedanum cervaria ), caraway hair strand ( Peucedanum carvifolia ), Peucedanum officinale ( Peucedanum officinale ), Mountain hair strand ( Peucedanum oreoselinum ), masterwort ( Peucedanum ostruthium ), Raibler hair strand ( Peucedanum rablense ).

The genus Peucedanum includes 100 to 120 species (selection), depending on the author (8 to 200):

Alsatian hair strand ( Peucedanum alsaticum )

Whorl hair strand ( Peucedanum altissimum )

Deer root hair strand ( Peucedanum cervaria )

Peucedanum japonicum

Peucedanum multivittatum

Masterwort ( Peucedanum ostruthium )

Swamp hair strand ( Peucedanum palustre )

Habit, leaves and inflorescences of Peucedanum ruthenicum

Peucedanum sandwicense

Peucedanum acaule R.H. Shan & MLSheh : This endemic thrives on alpine mats at altitudes of about 3500 meters only in Huize in northeastern Yunnan .

Peucedanum adae Voronow

Alsatian hair strand ( Peucedanum alsaticum L. ): The distribution area includes Central, Eastern and Southern Europe , Central Asia , Siberia and the Caucasus .

Whorled hair strand ( Peucedanum altissimum (Mill.) Thell. , Syn .: Peucedanum verticillare (L.) WDJKoch ex DC. , Tommasinia verticillaris (L.) Bertol. ): The European homeland extends from Austria , through Switzerland , Italy , Slovenia to Croatia .

Peucedanum ampliatum K.T.Fu : This endemic thrives at altitudes of 1600 to 2000 meters only in southeastern Shaanxi .

Peucedanum angelicoides H.Wolff : It thrives at altitudes of 2500 to 3000 meters in the Chinese provinces of southwest Guizhou , Sichuan and northwest Yunnan.

Peucedanum arenarium Waldst. & Kit. : It is common in Hungary , Serbia , Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro , Bulgaria , Romania , Albania , Macedonia , Greece , Turkey , Moldova , Ukraine , the Czech Republic , Slovakia and European Russia .

Austrian hair strand ( Peucedanum austriacum ( Jacq. ) WDJKoch ): The distribution area extends from France and Italy to Switzerland, Austria, the Balkan Peninsula to Bulgaria and Romania.

Peucedanum baicalense ( I. Redowsky ex Willdenow) WDJKoch : It occurs in Mongolia, Siberia, Heilongjiang and Nei Mongol .

Peucedanum caespitosum H. Wolff : It thrives at altitudes of 1300 to 2500 meters comes in Hebei .

Caraway hair strand ( Peucedanum carvifolia Vill. , Syn .: Dichoropetalum carvifolia (Vill.) Pimenov & Kljuykov )

Deer root hair strand ( Peucedanum cervaria (L.) Lapeyr. ): The distribution area includes Central Europe and extends to northern Spain , Italy, Albania and Lithuania . It is also called Cervaria rivini Gaertn by some authors . placed in the genus Cervaria .

Peucedanum cervariifolium C.A.Mey.

Peucedanum chinense M.Hiroe : It thrives in forests only in western Sichuan.

Peucedanum coriaceum Rchb. : It occurs in France, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro.

Peucedanum delavayi Franch. : This endemic thrives at altitudes of 2600 to 3400 meters only in northwestern Yunnan.

Peucedanum dielsianum Fedde ex H.Wolff : It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Chongqing and in southwestern Hubei.

Peucedanum dissolutum (Diels) H.Wolff : It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Chongqing, northeastern Guizhou and southeastern Sichuan.

Peucedanum elegans Komarov : It occurs in Russia, Japan, Korea, Heilongjiang and Jilin.

Peucedanum falcaria Turczaninow : It occurs in Siberia, northern Mongolia and northeastern Xinjiang.

Peucedanum formosanum Hayata : It occurs in Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi and Jiangxi .

Peucedanum franchetii C.Y.Wu & FTPu : This endemic thrives at altitudes of around 3000 meters only in northwestern Yunnan.

Peucedanum gabrielae R. Frey : It occurs in Greece.

Peucedanum gallicum Latourr. : It occurs in Portugal, Spain and France.

Peucedanum guangxiense R.H.Shan & MLSheh : This endemic thrives in the tropical karst area at altitudes of around 300 meters only in western Guangxi (in Jingxi and Wuming ).

Peucedanum guvenianum Yıldırım & H.Duman : It wasfirst describedin 2017 from the Turkish West Anatolia . It is only known from one site in the province of Izmir .

Peucedanum harry-smithii Fedde ex H.Wolff : There are three varieties:

Peucedanum harry-smithii var. Grande (KTFu) RHShan & MLSheh : It thrives in gaps between rocks in dry valleys at altitudes of 300 to 2000 meters in the Chinese provinces of western Hebei (only in Xiaowutai Shan), southern Shaanxi and northeastern NE Shanxi (only in Wutai ).
Peucedanum harry-smithii var. Harry-smithii (CBClarke) Ridley (Syn .: Peucedanum hirsutiusculum (YCMa) VMVinogradova , Peucedanum praeruptorum subsp. Hirsutiusculum Y.C.Ma ): It grows on forest edges, in valleys and streams at altitudes from 600 to 2,600 meters in southern Inner Mongolia (in Daqing Shan and Liangcheng ) and in the Chinese provinces of southeastern Gansu (only in Pingliang ), Hebei, western Henan (in Lingbao , Luoning ), southern Shaanxi (only in Qin Ling ), central Shanxi (only Taiyuan ) and northeastern Sichuan (only in Guangyuan ).
Peucedanum harry-smithii var. Subglabrum (RHShan & MLSheh) RHShan & MLSheh : It grows on forest edges and on disturbed sites at altitudes of about 1,000 meters in the Chinese provinces of southern and western Henan and southern Shaanxi (in Hu and Shangzhou ).

Peucedanum henryi H. Wolff : It is only known from holotype evidence and wascollectedon a mountain slope in Yichang in western Hubei.

Peucedanum hispanicum (Boiss.) Endl. : It occurs in Morocco , Algeria and Spain.

Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. : It is common in South Korea , in the Chinese provinces of Fujian , Jiangsu , Shandong and Zhejiang , in Hong Kong , Taiwan , on the Japanese islands of Honshu , Kyushu and Shikoku and in the Philippines .

Peucedanum lancifolium Lange : It occurs in Portugal, Spain and France.

Peucedanum latifolium (M.Bieb.) DC. : It occurs in Croatia, Serbia, Albania, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, in European Russia and in the Caucasus region.

Peucedanum ledebourielloides K.F.Fu : It thrives at altitudes of 400 to 1000 meters in the Chinese provinces of western Henan (only in Lingbao ) and southeastern Shaanxi (only in Hua Shan ).

Peucedanum lhasense C.B. Clarke ex H.Wolff : It wascollectedonly once (holotype material) in August 1904 by Walton on a hill above Lhasa in Tibet.

Peucedanum longshengense R.H.Shan & MLSheh : It thrives on the edges of forests , on mountain slopes and in meadows at altitudes of 800 to 2100 meters in the Chinese provinces of northeastern Guangxi and southern Jiangxi (only Shangyou , Xunwu ).

Peucedanum longifolium Waldst. & Kit. : It occurs in Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, Georgia and in the North Caucasus .

Peucedanum lowei (Coss.) Menezes : This endemic occurs only in Madeira .

Peucedanum luxurians Tamamsch. : It occurs only in Azerbaijan.

Peucedanum macilentum Franchet : It thrives in grassy locations on mountain slopes at altitudes of 3000 to 4200 meters in southwest Sichuan (only Miyi , Yanyuan ) and northwestern Yunnan (in Heqing , Tengchong , Weixi ).

Peucedanum mashanense R.H.Shan & MLSheh : This endemic thrives at altitudes of around 300 meters only in Mashan in western-central Guangxi.

Peucedanum medicum Dunn : There are two varieties:

Peucedanum medicum var. Gracile Dunn ex RHShan & MLSheh : It was first described 1986th It thrives on moist rocky slopes and in grassy locations at altitudes of around 1100 meters in the Chinese provinces of Chongqing and southwestern Hubei (only in Hefeng , Lichuan ).
Peucedanum medicum var. Medicum (CBClarke) Ridley : It thrives on damp rocky slopes and in grassy locations at altitudes of 700 to 2000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Chongqing, northern Guangdong (only in Lian Xian), northeastern Guangxi (only Guanyang ), eastern Guizhou ( Zhenyuan only ), western Hubei (only Badong , Jianshi ), Hunan (only Jishou , Shaoyang ), western Jiangxi (only Lianhua , Wugong Shan) and northeastern Sichuan (only Wanyuan ).

Peucedanum morisonii Better ex Sprengel : It occurs in Kazakhstan, Siberia and northern Xinjiang.

Peucedanum nanum R.H. Shan & MLSheh : This endemic thrives on dry mountain slopes at altitudes of 3500 to 3800 meters only in Lhasa and Xigazê in southern Tibet .

Peucedanum nebrodense (cast.) Nyman : This endemic occurs only in Sicily .

Real hair strand ( Peucedanum officinale L. ): The distribution area extends from southwest and southeast Europe to Central Europe and Great Britain . There are several subspecies.

Mountain hairline ( Peucedanum oreoselinum (L.) Moench ): The range extends from Europe to the Caucasus. Some authors also place it as Oreoselinum nigrum Delarbre in the genus Oreoselinum Mill .

Peucedanum obtusifolium Sm .: It occurs in Greece and in European and Asian Turkey.

Masterwort ( Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) WDJKoch ): The distribution area extends from Spain and France to Italy, the Balkan Peninsula, Switzerland, Austria , Germany , the Czech Republic and Poland .

Peucedanum ozhatayiorum Akpulat & Akalın : It occurs in Turkey.

Swamp hair strand ( Peucedanum palustre (L.) Moench )

Peucedanum piliferum Handel-Mazzetti : It is only known from holotype material that was collected at the edge of the forest and on the grassy slope in northeastern China.

Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn : It thrives on forest edges and on grassy slopes at altitudes of 200 to 2000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Fujian , Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Zhejiang. The "rhizome" is important in traditional Chinese medicine under the name "qian hu".

Peucedanum pricei N.D.Simpson : It occurs in northern to western Mongolia and in Inner Mongolia .

Peucedanum pubescens Hand .-- Mazz. : It thrives on alpine mats at altitudes of 1900 to 3000 meters in southwest Sichuan (only in Huili , Miyi ) and in Yunnan (in Lufeng , Luquan , Wuding ).

Raibler Haarstrang ( Peucedanum rablense W.DJKoch ): The distribution area includes Austria, Italy, Slovenia and the former Yugoslavia .

Peucedanum rochelianum Heuff. : It occurs in Hungary , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Romania.

Peucedanum rubricaule R.H. Shan & MLSheh : It thrives at altitudes of 2000 to 3000 meters in southern Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.

Peucedanum ruthenicum M.Bieb. : It iswidespreadfrom Bulgaria through the Caucasus to the European part of Russia.

Peucedanum salinum Spreng.

Peucedanum sandwicense Hillebr. : This rare species occurs only on the Hawaiian islands of Maui , Molokai , Kauai and Oahu . It is the onlyspecies of Peucedanum in Hawaii.

Peucedanum songpanense R.H. Shan & FTPu : This endemic thrives in sparse birch forests and on the edges of cultivated land at altitudes of 2800 to 3000 meters only in Songpan in northern Sichuan.

Peucedanum stepposum Y.Huei Huang : It thrives in steppes at altitudes of 100 to 1300 meters in western Heilongjiang (only in Anda , Zhaodong ), western Jilin (only in Shuangliao , Qian Gorlos ) and northern Liaoning (only in Faku ).

Peucedanum terebinthaceum (Fischer ex Treviranus) Ledeb. : There are at least two varieties:

Peucedanum terebinthaceum var. Deltoid (Makino ex Y.Yabe) Makino (Syn .: Peucedanum deltoid Makino ex Y.Yabe ): It comes in Russia, Korea, Japan and the Chinese provinces of northeastern Hebei (only Xinglong ), Heilongjiang (only Yichun ), southern Jilin (only Antu ) and Liaoning (only in Qian Shan ).
Peucedanum terebinthaceum var. Terebinthaceum (CBClarke) Ridley (Syn .: Peucedanum paishanense Nakai , Peucedanum terebinthaceum var. Paishanense (Nakai) Y.Huei Huang ): It comes in Siberia, in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia (in Great Hinggan Mountains ) and in the Chinese provinces of northeast Hebei, Heilongjiang ( Luobei , Shangzhi only ), southern Jilin (Antu), Liaoning ( Anshan , Qian Shan only ).

Peucedanum torilifolium H.Boissieu : it is only by Holotypusmaterial known in the local forests and the roadside on the mountainside Kangding was collected in western Sichuan.

Peucedanum turgeniifolium H.Wolff (Syn .: Peucedanum pulchrum H.Wolff ): It thrives at altitudes of 2000 to 3600 meters in southern Gansu (only Jonê , Têwo ) and northern Sichuan. It is used as a medicinal plant.

Peucedanum veitchii H. Boissieu : It is only known from holotype material that wascollectedon mountain slopes at altitudes of about 2900 meters in Songpan in northern Sichuan.

Peucedanum venetum (explosive) WDJKoch : It occurs in Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland, Slovenia and Croatia.

Peucedanum violaceum R.H. Shan & MLSheh : It thrives at altitudes of 2100 to 3500 meters only in southeastern Tibet only in Mainling and Nyingchi . It is used as a medicinal plant.

Peucedanum vourinense (people) Hartvig : It occurs in Greece.

Peucedanum wawrae (H.Wolff) Su ex MLSheh : It thrives on the edges of forests and on grassy slopes at altitudes below 500 meters in Anhui (in Chaohu and Xiaoxian ), in northern to western Jiangsu and in Shandong (on Tai Shan and in Zhifu ).

Peucedanum wulongense R.H.Shan & MLSheh : It thrives on the banks of rivers and on stony slopes at altitudes of around 600 meters only in the area of the Chinese city of Chongqing .

Peucedanum yunnanense H.Wolff : This species is only known from the type material that was only found in Kunming in Yunnan in1925 on mountain slopes at an altitude of about 2000 meters.

Peucedanum zedelmeyerianum Manden. : It occurs in Turkey and Armenia .

For example, no longer belongs to the genus Peucedanum :

Peucedanum aegopodioides (Boiss.) Vandas → Cervaria aegopodioides (Boiss.) Pimenov
Peucedanum alpinum (Schult.) BLBurtt & PHDavis → Ormosolenia alpina (Schult.) Pimenov
Peucedanum capense (Thunb.) Sond. → Notobubon capense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Magee : It occurs only in the South African provinces of the Northern and Western Cape.
Peucedanum caucasicum (M.Bieb.) K.Koch → Dichoropetalum caucasicum (M.Bieb.) Soldano, Galasso & Banfi
Peucedanum winkleri H.Wolff , Peucedanum linderi C.Norman , Peucedanum aberdaricum Chiov. , → Afroligusticum linderi ( C. Norman ) P. Winter : It is widespread in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe.

Peucedanum petitianum A.Rich. → Afroligusticum petitianum (A.Rich.) PJDWinter : It occurs in East Africa.

Peucedanum macrocarpum Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray → Lomatium macrocarpum (Torrey & A.Gray) J.Coulter & Rose : It is common in western to central North America.

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literature

K. Spalik, J.-P. Reduron, SR Downie: The phylogenetic position of Peucedanum sensu lato and allied genera and their placement in tribe Selineae (Apiaceae, subfamily Apioideae). In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 243, Issue 3-4, 2004, pp. 189-210. doi : 10.1007 / s00606-003-0066-2
She Menglan (佘孟兰 Sheh Meng-lan), Mark F. Watson: Peucedanum , pp. 182-192 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 14: Apiaceae through Ericaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2005, ISBN 1-930723-41-5 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Peucedanum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
↑ ^a ^b Peucedanum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved December 24, 2019.
^ Albert Spear Hitchcock in Nomenclature Proposals by British Botanists , page 139. Scanned in at bibdigital .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax She Menglan (佘孟兰 Sheh Meng-lan), Mark F. Watson: Peucedanum , pp. 182-192 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 14: Apiaceae through Ericaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2005, ISBN 1-930723-41-5 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Hasan Yildirim, Hayri Duman: Peucedanum guvenianum (Apiaceae), a new species from West Anatolia, Turkey. Doga, Turkish Journal of Botany , Volume 41, November 2017, pp. 600–608. doi : 10.3906 / bot-1701-56
^ Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z Ralf Hand: Apiaceae. : Datasheet Peucedanum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
↑ FoC references Lebei , does not exist in Heilongjiang
↑ FOC still references Chuxian , possibly Chuzhou is meant

Web links

Commons : Strand of Hair ( Peucedanum ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files