Kamyshovaya Bay
| Kamyshovaya Bay, French Baie de Kamiesch |
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 View of the port (left) and the tank farm on the other side |
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| Waters | Black Sea | |
| Land mass | Europe | |
| Geographical location | 44 ° 34 '59 " N , 33 ° 25' 17" E | |
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| surface | 1.45 km² | |
| Coastline | 8.22 km with piers | |
| Greatest water depth | 65 m | |
 Gantry cranes in front of the breakwaters on the east pier |
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The Kamyschowaja Bay ( Russian бухта Камышовая , transcribed Kamyschowaja buchta translated Reet - or reed bay) is one with the Black Sea related bay close to the extreme southwestern tip of the Crimean south of Sevastopol .
location
The bay is about 2.8 kilometers long and up to one kilometer wide. Together with the Kasachja Bay (translated Cossack Bay ) and the Soljonaja Bay (translated Salty Bay ) to the west, it forms the Dwoinaja Bay . Taken together, this is the largest of the 38 bays of the Crimean metropolis after the Sevastopol Bay, which are summarized in Russian under the name "Севастопольские бухты" ( Sevastopolskije buchty ). Administratively, the area belongs to the Gagarin Rajon , the Stadtrajon of Sevastopol.
State affiliation
At least since the declaration of independence of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol on March 11, 2014 and the proclamation of the Republic of Crimea , the Crimean peninsula has been the subject of territorial disputes between Russia and Ukraine . On March 20 of the same year, Crimea and the city of Sevastopol were admitted to the Russian Federation following a Duma decision . This de facto - annexation was not recognized internationally majority and sanctions occupied.
Names
The name of the bay comes from the reeds that used to grow here en masse. Today the plants are only found on the shores of the neighboring Salty Bay. The Dwoinaja Bay is also known by the former Russian name Troinaja buchta (translated triple bay ). But because the Salty Bay is now considered part of the Cossack Bay , the name consequently changed to Double Bay , as the Germanized meaning is. In English one can therefore also find the interpretation “Triple-Double Bay”; the French name is explained in the 19th century paragraph .
history
The bay offers a natural harbor and has a long history. As early as the sixth century BC it was used by Greek sailors who founded the ancient city of Chersonese ( Herakleia ). The first written evidence goes back to the Greek historian and geographer Strabo , who reported on the three ports of the city (Strabo VII 308).
19th century
During the Crimean War , the bay was used as a port for the French fleet in 1854 and 1855 during the siege of Sevastopol . The French built a first fortified port, which was protected with a military camp and extensive fortifications. The bay and camp had names transferred into French Baie and Ville de Kamiesch , as can be seen on the adjacent map by French General Adolphe Niel .
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On November 14, 1854, the bay was the scene of a devastating catastrophe. A huge hurricane low came from Spain , across all of Europe, and continued to the Black Sea. Now the French fleet at anchor was completely unprepared, as it was not yet possible to predict the storm for the Crimea in time. In the storm, numerous ships went down or crashed on cliffs . Five English and two Ottoman warships sank at the mouths of the Katscha and Belbek rivers , no fewer than eleven in Balaklava , and the French lost the ship of the line " Henry IV " at Evpatoria .
But it wasn't just the navy that suffered enormous damage. The French camp was almost completely destroyed. The light tents had collapsed first, pegs torn out and tent poles broken. The more solid buildings, such as the sick barracks, were also badly damaged, and their residents were exposed to wind and rain without protection. The Russian army was only less affected by the disaster, as it had sunk its ships in the port of Sevastopol for defense purposes at the beginning of the siege.
In response to the debacle, the then French government under Napoleon III. the astronomer and director of the Paris Observatory, Urbain Le Verrier , to investigate the storm afterwards. The French weather service was founded on the basis of his expert opinion. Since September 11th, 1863, France has published daily weather reports for initially western, southern and later all of Europe.
20th century
In the Soviet era, the bay was developed as the most important ice-free fishing port and was considered the cradle of the USSR's fishing fleet . Towards the open sea, the port facility is protected in the east and west by piers with breakwaters . After the end of the Soviet Union , the port was privatized and has been open to international freight traffic since August 1992. The length of the berths is 1771 meters; the depth at the berths is 50 to 65 meters. In addition to offering a wide range of services, the port company operates its own water treatment plant for cleaning bilge , ballast and waste water .
In the course of time, an extensive industrial zone developed here next to the port. It is the location for the thermal power plant built between 1976 and 1986 with an output of 255 megawatts and the "Yugtorsan" tank farm . With an area of 13.5 hectares and a capacity of 135,000 cubic meters, it is one of the largest transshipment terminals for petroleum products in the Crimea.
reception
The French military camp Kamiesch in particular found its way into the processing of various art movements. The first war reports were drawn up by war painters like William Simpson , photographers like Roger Fenton, and journalists like William Howard Russell . In addition to painting, photography and journalism, it also attracted literary attention. As early as 1855 published Herrmann Goedsche under the pseudonym Sir John Retcliffe his novels "Sebastopol". In four volumes, which are subtitled as a "historical-political novel from the present", he describes the war events in the form of an adventure novel until 1857 .
In 1857 the only 20-year-old Émile Waldteufel composed a military march that was filled with patriotic feelings . He published it with the opus number 5 under the title "Kamiesch - Grande marche militaire". Amazingly, the dedicatee is a certain Baron de Vatry. This was captain of the 94e regiment d'infanterie , which was stationed in Kamiesch. His unit was not sent to the Crimea until October 24, 1855. At this point Sevastopol had already fallen and the war had actually been decided in favor of the Allies. Nevertheless, the position still had to be defended against the Russians. The soldiers had left France in summer clothes. When winter set in soon after landing in Kamiesch, many soldiers suffered frostbite . This poor planning and the occurrence of dysentery and typhus resulted in unusually high casualties in the French army.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pierer's Universal-Lexikon, Volume 9. Altenburg 1860, p 261. . Zeno.org . Retrieved August 12, 2016.
- ↑ H.-J. Aufm Kampe, “The weather and its causes”, p. 2 . Google Books . Retrieved August 12, 2016.
- ^ History of the port ( Memento of November 16, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (Russian)
- ↑ Sevastopol fishing port ( Memento of March 24, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) (Russian)
- ^ Export-oriented companies of Sevastopol . Retrieved August 12, 2016. (English)
- ↑ Emile Waldteufel - Works . Archived from the original on December 12, 2016. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
- ↑ Le 94e Regiment de Ligne . Retrieved December 12, 2016.
Web links
- Sir John Retcliffe : Sebastopol. Historical-political novel from the present . Four volumes. English and German original edition. Röhring, Berlin 1856–57. - Full text online: Volume 1 , Volume 2 , Volume 3 , Volume 4 .
- "Kamiesch" - Grande marche militaire on YouTube