Republic of Crimea (Secession Region)

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Республика Крым ( Russian )
Республіка Крим ( Ukrainian )
Qırım Cumhuriyeti ( Crimean Tatar )
Flag of the Republic of Crimea
Coat of arms of the Republic of Crimea
flag coat of arms
De facto regime , area
is part of under international law 		Ukraine
Official language Russian , Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar
Capital Simferopol
Form of government republic
Head of government Sergei Aksyonov
surface 26,944 km²
population 2,409,956 (2014)
currency Hryvnia (UAH), rubles (RUB)
founding March 11, 2014
resolution March 21, 2014
National anthem Нивы и горы твои волшебны, Родина
Time zone UTC +2 / UTC +3 (March-October)
Crimea Republic in Ukraine.svg

The Republic of Crimea ( Russian Республика Крым / Respublika Krym ; Ukrainian Республіка Крим / Respublika Krym ; Crimean Tatar Qırım Cumhuriyeti ) was a de facto regime on the Crimean peninsula . During the course of the Crimean crisis , it was proclaimed an independent state on March 11, 2014 by a joint declaration of independence by the Parliament of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the City Council of the city of Sevastopol , both of which belong to Ukraine under international law , and was proclaimed as a republic on March 17 .

The referendum held on March 16 on the status of Crimea , in which this step was, according to the official results, supported by a majority, should confirm this decision. On the same day, an application to join the Russian Federation was submitted. Russian President Vladimir Putin admitted a little later that the referendum had been monitored by Russian soldiers.

On March 21, 2014 , the Russian Federation Council ratified the Accession Treaty. The city of Sevastopol was split off from the republic. The Autonomous Republic of Crimea (which has now been renamed the Republic of Crimea ) and Sevastopol have since formed two separate federation subjects from the Russian perspective within the federal structure of Russia . Both together formed the new Crimean Federal District . This ended the existence of the de facto regime in the self-portrayal of the secession region . Most other states (with the exception of Kazakhstan and Venezuela ) consider these steps to be contrary to international law and therefore did not recognize the Republic of Crimea, but continue to see Crimea as an integral part of Ukraine.

procedure

→  For the history see Crimean Crisis and Autonomous Republic of Crimea

The regional parliament of Crimea justified the declaration of independence , which the Ukrainian government Yatsenyuk did not recognize as legitimate, with the legal necessity for accession to the Russian Federation and for holding the referendum. 78 out of 99 MPs present voted for the move.

The text of the declaration read:

We, the members of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the City Council of Sevastopol, declare on the basis of the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and other international conventions on the recognition of the right of peoples to self-determination , as well as taking into account the opinion of the International Court of Justice regarding the Kosovo of July 22, 2010, which confirms that the unilateral declaration of independence of parts of a state does not violate any rules of international law, together:

  1. If, as a result of the referendum held on March 16, 2014, the direct expression of the peoples of Crimea is expressed that the Crimea, consisting of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, is to join Russia, then an independent and sovereign state with a republican form of government.
  2. This Republic of Crimea is a democratic, secular and multiethnic state committed to preserving peace, as well as ethnic and sectarian cohesion in its area.
  3. In the event of such a result of the referendum, the Republic of Crimea, as an independent and sovereign state and on the basis of international law, will apply to join the Russian Federation and, if so, a new subject of the Russian Federation.

(Signed by the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea Volodymyr Konstantynov and the Chairman of the Sevastopol City Council Yuri Vasilyevich Doinikov)

In the referendum held on March 16, 2014, according to the Russian news agency RIA Novosti, 96.77 percent of the voters - corresponding to 1.233 million votes - were in favor of an association of Crimea with the Russian Federation with the rights of a federal subject ; the turnout was 83.1 percent. In a report by the Human Rights Council to the Russian President , on the other hand, it says: "According to various sources, 50 to 60 percent of the electorate voted for the Anschluss, with a turnout of 30 to 50 percent." In particular, the Crimean Tatars boycotted them after their mejlis called for them Vote by majority. The official figures were questioned because of the boycott of the Crimean Tatars and because of the 25% ethnic Ukrainian population.

There is international discussion as to whether the Crimean parliament has exceeded its powers by calling a referendum. This is accompanied by criticism of the declaration of independence. The European Union and the United States of America consider the steps to be contrary to international law, but the Russian Federation does not. The former German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder compared the case of Crimea with that of Kosovo , where the population had also strived for independence.

On March 17, 2014, Russia recognized Crimea as a sovereign state . The Ukrainian interim government announced that it did not recognize this step and that Crimea remained part of Ukrainian territory .

On March 18, 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin and representatives of the Republic of Crimea signed an agreement to accept them as the new federal subject in the Russian Federation. As a result, western states and the EU reacted with further sanctions . Following the example of the Crimea, Transnistria also applied for membership that day .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://rt.com/news/crimea-tatar-rights-guarantee-122/
  2. ^ Neue Zürcher Zeitung : Crimean Crisis: Parliament introduces the ruble as the second official currency , accessed on March 17, 2014.
  3. ↑ heise.de: The "Republic of Crimea" declares itself to be independent. Retrieved March 12, 2014 .
  4. ↑ The Crimean Conflict and International Law , NZZ, March 18, 2014
  5. ^ Website of the Tagesschau from March 6, 2014 ( Memento from March 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) on the referendum: "surprisingly urgent" and "creating facts"
  6. ↑ Crimean referendum: Putin's mock victory , Spiegel, March 16, 2014: Quote: " Rushed ahead " and as an example, "Many citizens received voting notifications two days before the vote. The documents show the great urgency: families only got one Invitation for several eligible voters, instead of the full names only the initials were on the paper. "
  7. ^ Before a referendum on joining Russia: Crimea formally declares itself independent. In: Spiegel Online . March 11, 2014, accessed March 12, 2014 .
  8. ^ Parliament in Kiev issues ultimatum to the Crimean government. FAZ , accessed on March 12, 2014 .
  9. ↑ Парламент Крыма принял Декларацию о независимости АРК и г. Севастополя ( Memento from March 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ http://kremlin.ru/news/20605
  11. ↑ Putin confirms presence of Russian soldiers de.euronews.com, April 17, 2014.
  12. ↑ http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_03_21/Putin-sign-decree-to-set-up-Crimean-Federal-district-5901/
  13. ↑ Назарбаев поддержал Путина относительно оккупации Крыма , uapress.info, March 24, 2014
  14. ↑ Venezuela-Russia-Ukraine-Crimean-crisis diplomacy: Venezuela gives Russia backing for Crimean course. In: Zeit Online. March 19, 2014, accessed March 19, 2014 .
  15. ↑ a b tagesschau.de ( Memento from March 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 12, 2014.
  16. ↑ http://www.rada.crimea.ua/news/11_03_2014_1 ( Memento from March 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  17. ↑ Crimean referendum: 96.77 percent vote for reunification with Russia - final result. RIA Novosti , March 17, 2014, accessed March 17, 2014 .
  18. ↑ Gorbachev: The Crimea is not negotiable with the West. August 18, 2016, accessed March 15, 2017 .
  19. ↑ Quoted from: Christian Weisflog, Crimean referendum heavily falsified , Neue Zürcher Zeitung of May 5, 2014.
  20. ^ Statement of Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People as Regard to Announcement of "Crimean Referendum" by Verkhovna Rada of Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar people , March 6, 2014, accessed March 18, 2014 .
  21. ↑ Steffen Honig: Magdeburg expert: Crimean Tatars fear Russian rule. Volksstimme , March 18, 2014, accessed on March 18, 2014 .
  22. ^ Christian Weisflog, Crimean referendum heavily falsified , Neue Zürcher Zeitung of May 5, 2014.
  23. ↑ Lavrov: Referendum in Crimea corresponds to international law. Voice of Russia , March 16, 2014, accessed March 17, 2014 .
  24. ↑ Schröder compares Crimea with Kosovo. Kölner Stadtanzeiger , March 11, 2014, accessed on March 19, 2014 .
  25. ↑ Referendum: Putin recognizes Crimea as a sovereign state. Die Zeit , March 17, 2014, accessed on March 17, 2014 .
  26. ↑ http://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/17/world/europe/ukraine-crisis/index.html?hpt=hp_t1
  27. ^ Ceremony in the Kremlin - Treaty to join the Crimea is signed. tagesschau.de , March 18, 2014, archived from the original on March 18, 2014 ; accessed on March 18, 2014 .
  28. ^ After the Crimean referendum: Transnistria also wants to join Russia. RIA Novosti, March 18, 2014, accessed March 20, 2014 .
  29. ↑ Transnistria wants to merge with Russia . Vestnik Kavkaza. Retrieved March 18, 2014.

Coordinates: 45 ° 18 '  N , 34 ° 25'  E