Canadian orange root
| Canadian orange root | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canadian orange root ( Hydrastis canadensis ), illustration |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the subfamily | ||||||||||||
| Hydrastidoideae | ||||||||||||
| Raf. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Hydrastis | ||||||||||||
| L. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Hydrastis canadensis | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The Canadian orange root ( Hydrastis canadensis ), also called gold seal root or Canadian turmeric , is the only species of the genus Hydrastis and the subfamily Hydrastidoideae in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae).
features
The Canadian orange root is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 15 to 50 centimeters. A thick, yellow, creeping rhizome is formed as a permanent organ. Each upright, unbranched stem has a decrepit simple basal leaf, two stem leaves and a terminal flower . The leaf blade of the two stem leaves is palmate, three (rarely up to nine) -lobed to -particular and has a width of up to 25 centimeters at the time of fruiting. The leaf margin is sawn.
The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry flower has a diameter of 8 to 18 mm. The perianth is simple. The three decrepit bracts are greenish-white or pink and 3.5 to 7 mm in size. There are numerous (50 to 75) stamens with white stamens ; they are the most noticeable part of the flower and are 4 to 8 mm in length. The five to fifteen carpels are free and each contain two ovules . The scar is bilobed.
The red, mostly two-seeded, 10 to 15 × mostly 8 to 15 (rarely up to 20) mm large berries are grouped together to form sessile, head-shaped cluster fruits that are about 0.6 to 1 mm in size. The smooth, black seeds are 2.5 to 4.5 mm in size.
The flowering time is in May.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.
Occurrence
The Canadian orange root occurs in warm to temperate eastern North America in deciduous deciduous forests at altitudes of up to 1200 meters. It often grows on clay soils .
history
The native peoples of North America used the Canadian orange root as a medicine and as a dye. In the 19th century it was still used by the natives in the form of a tincture as a tonic and in the form of an infusion for external use in conjunctivitis and ulcerative inflammation . Doctors of the North American eclectic school then successfully used them to treat inflammation of the mucous membranes. Among these doctors, Grover Coe went so far as to advertise the Canadian orange root as a universal medicine.
Until the end of the 19th century, the drug was hardly noticed in Germany. It was only included in the 3rd edition of the "Pharmacopoeia for the German Empire" published in 1890 and recommended as a remedy for bleeding from the female genitals , for intestinal catarrh and as a tonic for dyspepsia .
In addition to berberine , the alkaloid hydrastine is found in the root, which Durand had already observed in 1851 and which Perrins investigated in more detail in 1862.
literature
- Bruce A. Ford: Hydrastis in the Flora of North America , Volume 3: Online
- Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler excursion flora from Germany. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
Web links
- Characteristics. ( Memento from May 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- Thomas Schöpke: Medicinal Plant Lexicon (Institute for Pharmacy, University of Greifswald)
- Entry on Henriette's Herbal Homepage.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hydrastis canadensis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Alfred AB Durand. On Hydrastis canadiensis. In: The American Journal of Pharmacy , Philadelphia, Volume 23 (1851), pp. 112–118 (digitized version )
- ↑ Grover Coe. Hydrastine . In: Concentrated Organic Medicines: being a practical exposure of the therapeutic properties and clinical employment of the combined proximate medicinal constituents of indigenous and foreign plants. B. Keith, New York 1858, pp. 359-364 (digitized version )
- ↑ Prof. Dr. Handle . About some newer drugs ... Henkel. 3) Hydrastis canadensis L. In: New Yearbook for Pharmacy and Allied Subjects . Volume XVIII (1862), JCB Mohr, Heidelberg pp. 143–146 (digitized version )
- ↑ Pharmacopoeia for the German Empire. Third edition. Decker Berlin 1890, pp. 256-257: Rhizoma Hydrastis (digitized version )
- ↑ Pharmacopoeia for the German Empire. Fourth edition. Decker Berlin 1900, p. 310: Rhizoma Hydrastis (digital copy )
- ↑ Hager's handbook of pharmaceutic practice for pharmacists, doctors, chemists and medicinal officials. Springer Berlin 1902, Volume II, pp. 77–83: Hydrastis (digitized version )
- ^ Alfred AB Durand. On Hydrastis canadiensis. In: The American Journal of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Volume 23 (1851), pp. 112–118 (digitized version )
- ↑ F. Mahla. Berberine in Hydrastis canadensis. In: The American Journal of Pharmacy , Volume XXXIV, 3rd Series Volume X (March 1862), Philadelphia pp. 141–144 (digitized version )
- ↑ J. Dyson Perrins. On Hydrastine, an alkaloid occuring in Hydrastis canadensis . In: Pharmaceutical journal and transactions . 2. Series, Volume III, No. 11 (May 1, 1862), London 1862, pp. 546-547 (digitized version )
- ^ August Husemann and Theodor Husemann . The plant substances in chemical, physiological, pharmacological and toxicological terms. For doctors, pharmacists, chemists and pharmacologists. Springer, Berlin 1871, p. 243 (digitized version)
