Karl Huerthle

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Karl Huerthle 1914

Karl Hürthle (born March 16, 1860 in Ludwigsburg , † March 23, 1945 in Tübingen ) was a German physiologist who made a significant contribution to research into the functions of the blood circulation (blood flow, blood pressure, arterial vascular muscles).

education and profession

He attended elementary school in Ludwigsburg and, until 1878, the high school in Stuttgart . Then he went to the University of Tübingen to study medicine (license to practice medicine and doctorate in 1884). While still a student, Hürthle worked as an assistant at the Physiological Institute under Karl von Vierordt (1818–1884). After the state examination, he spent two years as a prosector at the Anatomical Institute with Wilhelm Henke, before turning back to physiology.

From 1886 to 1888 Hürthle was Paul Grützner's (1847–1919) assistant and then worked with Rudolf Heidenhain at the Physiological Institute in Breslau . In 1889 he completed his habilitation there for physiology and in 1895 received an extraordinary professorship. In 1898, after being appointed full professor, he succeeded Heidenhain as the chair of physiology and headed the newly built institute until his retirement in 1927. In 1936 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina . In 1904 he was the founding chairman of the German Physiological Society .

Then Hürthle returned to his Swabian homeland in Tübingen , where he continued to work on animal-experimental studies of blood pressure at the Physiological Institute in Tübingen and in the Department of Experimental Pathology and Therapy of the Kerckhoff Institute in Bad Nauheim (today the Max Planck Institute for heart and lung research ). Hürthle demonstrated the pulsatory activity of the arterial wall of the abdominal aorta and showed that the artery slackens during systole and tenses during diastole (Windkessel effect , 1935, 1939).

power

Hürthle mainly researched problems of hemodynamics and questions of experimental-physiological investigation techniques. He described a maximum - minimum - pressure gauge for direct invasive arterial blood pressure measurement (1888), which he tested in animal experiments. This enabled at least the highest and lowest point of arterial pressure to be determined.

He dealt with the measurement of blood viscosity by means of animal experiments , mechanically recorded human heart sounds , designed a current meter to determine the blood flow rate and recorded it photographically in the capillaries , constructed a masticatory force meter , developed the micro- cinematography of muscle fibers in polarized sunlight (1925 ), described movement phenomena of the arterial vessel wall (1935, 1939) and proposed a volume oscillometric continuous blood pressure measurement method (1896).

In addition to fundamental investigations into the structure of the striated muscles (1909), his hemodynamic studies investigated issues of blood pressure fluctuations, blood pressure and flow velocity as well as the problem of vasomotor and blood flow (1888–1898). In addition, he dealt with the intracranial circulation (1927) and the organ-specific blood supply (1927).

In the field of physiological chemistry , he investigated Sekretionsvorgänge in the thyroid gland (1894), pointed fatty - cholesterol ester in the blood after (1896) and declared toxic effects of ammonia on muscle activity.

Hürthle eponyms

Common eponyms are Hürthle cell adenoma , a follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland consisting of Hürthle cells (large, granular eosinophil- stained epithelial cells with acidophilic cytoplasm ) , and Hürthle cell tumor ( thyroid cancer ).

Hürthle had dealt with the thyroid gland in only one extensive piece of work. He described cell complexes located between thyroid follicles in the dog's thyroid, which he called "interfollicular epithelium", which correspond to parafollicular cells ( C cells that produce calcitonin ). In routine preparations, these cells are easy to recognize in dogs, in humans only after special staining.

In English-language specialist literature, the terms "Hürthle cell / adenoma / tumor" have become established, which is due to an error. The relevant tumor cells of the thyroid gland (oncocytes) do not correspond to the cells described by Hürthle. Thyroid oncocytes with highly eosinophilic cytoplasm were first observed in 1898 in a patient with Graves' disease . In 1919 James Ewing erroneously spoke of "hypertrophic Hürthle cells" in a monograph on tumor diseases. Since then, this wrong terminology has persisted.

Awards

Works

  • Contributions to the knowledge of fibroma molluscum and congenital elephantiasis . Dissertation. Gustav Fischer, Jena 1886
  • On the technique of examining blood pressure . Pflügers Arch 43 (1888) 399
  • Studies on the innervation of the cerebral vessels . Habilitation. Carl Georgi, Bonn 1889
  • About a method for registering arterial blood pressure in humans . Dtsch Med Wochenschr 22 (1896) 574
  • Description of a registering power meter . Archives for the Entire Physiology of Man and Animals 97 (1903)
  • About the structure of the striated muscle fibers of Hydrophylus . Martin Hager, Bonn 1909
  • Via tonic and pulsatory movements of the arterial wall . Pflüger's Archives for the Entire Physiology 242 (1939) 1
  • Histological structure and optical properties of the muscles . In: Handb. D. normal u. pathological physiology, vol. 8, Berlin 1925
  • Blood circulation in the brain . In: Handb. D. normal u. pathological physiology, Vol. 10. Berlin 1927
  • The mean blood supply to the individual organs . In: Handb. D. normal u. pathological physiology, Vol. 7, Berlin 1927
  • Formation and effect of the arterial pulse . In: Archives for Circulatory Research 14 (1944) 96–154

literature

  • Karl Eduard Rothschuh : History of Physiology. Springer, Berlin 1953, p. 139
  • G. Rosenfeld: Karl Hürthle on his 70th birthday. Med Klin 26 (1930) 411
  • Hans Winterstein : Karl Hürthle on his 70th birthday. German Med. Wochenschr. 56 (1930) 449

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hürthle eponyms engl.
  2. ^ Contributions to the knowledge of the secretion process in the thyroid gland . Pflüger's Archive for the Entire Physiology 56 (1894) 1-44
  3. ↑ Patrizio Caturegli, Christine Ruggere: Karl Hürthle! Now, Who Was He? Thyroid 15 (2005) 121-123
  4. ↑ M. Askanazy: Pathological-anatomical contributions to the knowledge of Graves' disease, especially about the muscle disease that occurs. German Arch Klin Med 61 (1898) 118-186
  5. ↑ James Ewing: Neoplastic Diseases: A textbook on tumors. Saunders, Philadelphia 1919
  6. ↑ Albrecht glasses: Tumors of the thyroid gland. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart 1984, p. 41 ff.
personal data
SURNAME Huerthle, Karl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physiologist
DATE OF BIRTH March 16, 1860
PLACE OF BIRTH Ludwigsburg (Baden)
DATE OF DEATH March 23, 1945
Place of death Tübingen