Karl Russ (writer)

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Karl Russ
Grave of Dr. Karl Russ in the churchyard of the Holy Cross community in Berlin-Mariendorf

Karl Friedrich Otto Russ (born January 14, 1833 in Baldenburg , † September 29, 1899 in Berlin ) was one of the most prominent specialist book authors in the field of birds, especially bird keeping in the 19th century . He was the founder and editor of the magazine " Gefiederte Welt ", one of the most traditional German-language bird magazines.

He also issued in 1876, together with Bruno Dürigen that Isis . Magazine for all scientific hobbies and combined popular science education with his commitment to amateur researchers. He also wrote under the pseudonym Berthold Schwarz .

life and work

Ruß, whose father and grandfather had both been pharmacists , studied pharmacy and took the apothoker test in Berlin in 1862, assuming that he would continue the family tradition. He received his doctorate in Rostock in 1866 . and then worked for several years in various northern German cities as a provisional. Because of a "larynx disease" he gave up the pharmacist profession. In addition to pharmacy, he has been concerned with ornithology since his childhood , and later with natural sciences in general, and wanted to make the various achievements and advances in this scientific discipline accessible to a broad audience. In this context he orientated himself on his great role model, the zoologist Emil Adolf Roßmaessler . In 1859, Russ appeared in public for the first time with a lengthy poem on the death of Alexander von Humboldt and settled in Berlin in 1867 . From then on he devoted himself entirely to writing. In his book German Citizens and Peasants Sermons , he showed himself to be a supporter of the social reformer Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch and advocated “freedom of the press” and more “workers' rights”.

Russ wrote books on goods science for housewives before he devoted himself almost exclusively to ornithology and bird protection . Soot was also a regular employee of the gazebo , the Leipziger Illustrirten Zeitung , Our Time. German revue of the present and Westermann's monthly issues .

He carried out numerous observational research on native and exotic bird species. Karl Russ published his observations in several books a. a. the Bird Lover, Breeder, and Dealer Handbook from 1872, in which he described the breeding and care of native bird species. Another volume of this manual followed in 1878. Here soot described the keeping and care of various exotic bird species. The ornithologist Philipp Leopold Martin paid tribute to him: “Karl Russ has earned the merit of being the first who, with care, patience and sacrifice, managed to take care of 150 foreign bird species in barely 10 years, of which 63 species have actually bred . The example provided by Russ had to find eager imitators and the Berlin aquarium under A. Brehm's direction has already risen to an astonishing height in bird breeding. "In September 1880, Karl Russ reported for the first time at a meeting of German naturalists and doctors in Danzig on his research.

His son Karl Russ jun., Who was also involved in the editing of the magazine Die gefiederte Welt , died a few months before his father. Karl Russ last lived at Belle-Alliance-Strasse 81. He died on September 29, 1899 of a heart attack . He was buried in the Heilig-Kreuz-Kirchhof in Mariendorf .

Dedication names

Otto Finsch honored him in 1877 in Ploceus Russi , a name synonymous with the now red-billed weaver ( Quelea quelea ( Linnaeus stands, 1758)). Two years earlier, in 1875, Anton Reichenow dedicated Lagonosticta russi , a synonym for the Senegalamaranth ( Lagonosticta senegala ( Linnaeus , 1766)) to it.

Works

The talking parrots. 1898. Book cover
  • German citizen and peasant sermons . CM Roskowski, Bromberg 1862, e-copy
  • The place and family names in Prussian Poland . In: Globus. Illustrated magazine for country and folklore . Volume 6, Hildburghausen 1864, pp. 152-154.
  • In the free nature. Descriptions from d. Flora and fauna .
    • First row. Böttcher, Berlin 1865 (2nd edition, Haack, Berlin 1875)
    • Second row. Böttcher, Berlin 1868
  • Scientific insights into daily life . Eduard Trewendt, Breslau 1865
  • Berthold Schwarz: Beauty care. A gift for every dressing table . Haack, Berlin 1866 (2nd edition 1874)
  • Rathgeber on the weekly market. An addition to any cookbook . Eduard Trewendt, Breslau 1867
  • Commodity science for women . 3 volumes. Eduard Trewendt, Breslau
    • Volume 1. Food and beverages . 1868, digitized
    • Volume 2. Housekeeping Items . 1868
    • Volume 3. Medicines, colored hair and beauty products . 1869
  • My friends. Life pictures and descriptions from the animal world . Boettcher, Berlin 1868 (2nd revised edition, Haack, Berlin 1878)
  • Through fields and woods. Pictures from natural life. With illustrations by Robert Kretschmer . FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1868 (2nd edition 1875)
  • Images of nature and culture. With 2 neatly woodcut cover images based on drawings by Robert Kretschmer . Eduard Trewendt, Breslau 1868, digitized
  • Household lexicon. A reference book for numerous occurrences in everyday life . Eduard Trewendt, Breslau 1870.
  • Aviculture, a notable branch of business . In: The worker friend. Journal of the Central Association for the Welfare of the Working Class . Volume 10, Halle 1872, pp. 81–89. Digitized
  • Skildringar ur djur- och växtverlden . Flodin, Stockholm 1873 (= Naturvetenskap för alla 2)
  • Handbook for bird lovers, breeders and dealers. I. Foreign housebirds . 2nd completely reworked edition. Carl Rümpler, Hanover 1878 digitized
  • The canary . Its natural history, care and breeding . Carl Rümpler, Hanover 1880, digitized
    • Canary birds: how to breed for profit or pleasure, an exhaustive treatise on all the different breeds, with chapters on pairing, color, breeding, feeding cages, nesting, egg food, sanitary measures, diseases to which the canary bird is subject, & c ., & c . Authorized translation. Dean, London 1880
  • The carrier pigeon is a manual and textbook for feeding, breeding and training . Carl Rümpler, Hanover 1877
  • The fine finches , their natural history, care and breeding . Carl Rümpler, Hanover 1879 (2nd, combined and increased edition, Creutzsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Magdeburg 1898)
  • The foreign housebirds. Your natural history, care and breeding .
    • Volume 1. The grain-eating foreign housebirds. Hard food or seed eater . Carl Rümpler, Hanover 1879 digitized
    • Volume 2. The foreign soft feed eaters. (Insect or carnivore, also called worm bird. Fruit or berry eater.) With appendix: pigeon and chicken . Creutzsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Magdeburg 1899 digitized
    • Volume 3. The parrots. Your natural history, care, breeding and training . Carl Rümpler, Hanover Digitized
    • Volume 4. House bird care textbook. Training and breeding. With 2 chromolithographic plates . Creutzsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Magdeburg 1888 digitized
  • Birds of home. Our bird life in pictures of life. With 40 color printing plates. after original watercolors by Emil Schmidt . Tempsky, Vienna 1887
  • The budgie . Carl Rümpler, Hannover 1880 (4th edition, Creutzsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Magdeburg 1898)
  • Talking parrots. A handbook and textbook . 2nd increased edition, Creutzsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Magdeburg 1887, digitized
    • The speaking parrots. A scientific manual by Karl Russ. Translated by Leonora Schultze, and revised by Karl Russ. L. Upcott Gill, London 1884 Digitized
  • Textbook of house bird care (Magdeburg 1888 ff.).
  • All kinds of speaking feathered people. Ravens - or crow-like birds including the whistling crows or flute birds and the bower birds , pastor birds, star birds, thrushes , canaries and bullfinches or bullfinches . A handbook and textbook . Creutzsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Magdeburg 1889 digitized
  • The local natural life in the cycle of the year. A yearbook of nature. With the participation of outstanding specialists and experts . Robert Oppenheim, Berlin 1889
  • Poultry farming as agricultural use . In: Theodor von der Goltz (Ed.): Handbook of the entire agriculture . Part 3. The agricultural animal husbandry and the agricultural ancillary trades . Edited by M. Wilckens. Lauppsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Tübingen 1890
  • Aviculture book. Breeding of housebirds for pleasure, for acquisition and for scientific purposes. A handbook for all breeders, especially for beginners . Creutzsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Magdeburg 1891. (3rd edition 1896)
  • The chicken as useful poultry for the domestic u. Agriculture . 2. verb. Edition. Creutzsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Magdeburg 1894
  • The African gray parrot . Its natural history, care, training and breeding . Creutzsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Magdeburg 1896 digitized
  • The amazon parrots. Your natural history, care and training . Creutzsche Publishing House, Magdeburg 1896

editor

literature

  • Dr. Karl Reuss. (born January 14, 1833, died September 19, 1899). His course of development primarily as a writer as a writer . In: The Feathered World . 1899, p. 321 ff.
  • Wilhelm Hess :  Soot, Karl . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 53, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1907, p. 650 f.
  • Russ, Karl (sen.) : In: Die Ornithologen Mitteleuropas . Volume 1. Brühl, Giessen 1964, p. 301
  • Andreas W. Daum : Science popularization in the 19th century. Civil culture, scientific education and the German public 1848–1914 . 2nd, supplementary edition, Oldenbourg, Munich 2002, ISBN 978-3-486-56551-5 .
  • Bernhard Schneider: "The soot bird". The old master of the house bird lover comes from West Prussia . In: West Prussia yearbook . Münster 2002, p. 39 ff.
  • Bernhard Schneider: When the budgies came to Europe . In the footsteps of Karl Russ and Karl Neunzig . A journey through 100 years of bird-loving history . Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-00-014787-X
  • Hans-Joachim Paepke: The "Isis" - a forerunner of vivaristic and other natural history journals . In: Aquaristik-Fachmagazin 197, Volume 39, No. 5, 2007, ISSN  1437-4854
  • Otto Finsch: About an apparently new species of weaver bird . In: The Feathered World, magazine for bird lovers, breeders and traders . tape 6 , no. 31 , 1877, p. 307-308 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Anton Reichenow: Finally, the same man has a small Lagonosticta, which the Berlin Museum recently received from Mr. Russ's bird room, as well as some closely related species of the genus for comparison. In: Journal for Ornithology (=  4 ). tape 23 , no. 132 , 1875, pp. 453 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Wikisource: Karl Ruß  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Karl Ruß  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinrich Brockhaus (Ed.): Complete list of the works published by FA Brockhaus in Leipzig from its foundation by Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus in 1805 up to his centenary birthday in 1872, in chronological order with biographical and literary-historical notes . Leipzig 1875, p. 903. Digitized
  2. ^ Gerschel, Berlin 1872, from 1885 Creutz, Magdeburg, then Steinbacher, Frankfurt am Main, then Helène, Pfungstadt and Ulmer, Stuttgart. Period of publication: 1872 to March 1943 and March 1949 to 2007. A total of 131 years. Magazine expired in 2007.
  3. ^ Andreas W. Daum: Science popularization in the 19th century. Civil culture, scientific education and the German public 1848–1914 . Oldenbourg, Munich 2002, p. 149, 173 f., 360, 391 f., 403, 454, 458, 508 .
  4. ↑ Wilfrid Eymer: Eymers pseudonyms dictionary. Real names and pseudonyms in German literature . Kirschbaum, Bonn 1997. ISBN 3-7812-1399-4 , p. 296.
  5. ↑ Publications of the International Society for the History of Pharmacy e. V. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1978, p. 550.
  6. ^ Andreas W. Daum: Science popularization in the 19th century. Civil culture, scientific education and the German public, 1848–1914 . R. Oldenbourg, Munich 1998, p. 392.
  7. ↑ Leopoldina . Official organ of the Imperial Leopoldine-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists . Volume 35, 1899, p. 188.
  8. ^ Russ, Carl, Dr. Writer, Kurfürstenstr. 17 . In: Allgemeine Wohnungs-Anzeiger together with address and business handbook for Berlin, its surroundings and Charlottenburg to the year 1867. P. 524.
  9. ↑ See e.g. B .: Karl Ruß: The most necessary measures of bird protection . In: The Feathered World . 1872, nos. 10 and 11.
  10. ↑ There are 29 letters from Karl Russ to the Illustrirte Zeitung and one letter from his wife Amanda to this newspaper in the Leipzig City History Museum .
  11. ^ Philipp Leopold Martin: Chr. Ludw. Brehm 's bird house and its inhabitants. Care and breeding of native and tropical ornamental and songbirds to be kept in cages and aviaries. Third edition of Brehm's "Canaries" etc. in a contemporary, completely independent revision . Bernhard Friedrich Voigt, Weimar 1872, p. 118.
  12. ↑ About the foreign housebirds . In: Tageblatt of the 53rd Assembly of German Natural Scientists and Doctors in Danzig from September 18 to 24, 1880 . Danzig 1880, pp. 157-167.
  13. ↑ "My only son Karl Russ, co-editor of this magazine, died on Wednesday, August 23, at the age of 32". (Karl Ruß: Dr. Karl Ruß jun. † . In. The Feathered World . Magdeburg 1899, p. 280.)
  14. ^ Russ, Karl, Dr., Writer, Redact., SW Belle-Alliancestr. 81 III. In: Address book for Berlin and its suburbs 1899 . Volume 1, p. 1242.
  15. ↑ Dr. Karl Russ senior † . In. The feathered world . Magdeburg 1899, p. 314.
  16. ^ Otto Finsch: About an apparently new species of Weberfvogel . In: The Feathered World, magazine for bird lovers, breeders and traders . tape 6 , no. 31 , 1877, p. 307-308 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  17. ↑ Anton Reichenow: Finally, the same man has a small Lagonosticta, which the Berlin Museum recently received from Mr. Russ' bird room, as well as some closely related species of the genus for comparison. In: Journal for Ornithology (=  4 ). tape 23 , no. 132 , 1875, pp. 453 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  18. ↑ Reprint: The flowers of love. In: Deutsche Roman-Zeitung . 1868, 40, pp. 311-315.
  19. ^ Reviews in: Deutsche Roman-Zeitung 1866,22, p. 800 and 1874, 16, p. 317.
  20. ^ Review in: Deutsche Roman-Zeitung . 1867, 21, pp. 717-718.
  21. ^ Advertisement in the Silesian Provincial Gazette .
  22. ↑ Further articles in this journal: Die Geheimmittel, a serious word for the benefit of the simple man . 1865, pp. 360-368; German medicinal plants . 1864, pp. 49-78; The agency mischief . 1864, pp. 447-466; Superstition and nursing, considerations for the good and good of the common man . 1865, pp. 55-61; Air, light and warmth in big cities . 1866, pp. 233-268.
  23. ↑ Contract on the transfer of the exclusive publishing right to the processing of the section: "Poultry farming". In the Berlin State Library . Manuscript Department. Signature: Nachl. 488, B1, 9, M.4
personal data
SURNAME Soot, Karl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ruß, Karl Friedrich Otto (full name); Berhold Schwarz (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German ornithologist and folk writer
DATE OF BIRTH January 14, 1833
PLACE OF BIRTH Baldenburg
DATE OF DEATH September 29, 1899
Place of death Berlin