Karlsaue
The 1.50 km² large state park Karlsaue is a public, originally baroque and inner-city park in Kassel ( North Hesse , Germany ). The park has been part of the European Garden Heritage Network since 2009 .
geography
The Karlsaue is located in Kassel Fulda - lowland between the mouth of the Little Fulda (Drusel) below the former City Palace (now the site of the Regional Council ) and Giese meadows at Auestadion in the south. The facility extends directly to the south-east or below the city center at the Schöne Aussicht, where it extends to Friedrichsplatz . There the Gustav Mahler stairs lead down into the park at the State Theater . The area that extends south on the slope is heavily forested and designed with varying degrees of intensity between the rose slope, the war memorial and the vineyard. The course of the Kleine Fulda separates the mountainside from the actual baroque park. On the western Fulda, it spreads at an average of 138.5 m above sea level. NN exclusively in the area of the district Südstadt , on whose built-up areas it meets in the west. In the north it borders on the district of Mitte . Beyond the Fulda it encounters in the northeast on the Unterneustadt and in the east, southeast and south by the Fuldaaue , ranging from Kassel- Waldau is located. In the southwest, the Karlsaue borders the Kassel sports center, which includes the Auestadion and the ice rink .
overview
As a historically impressive park, which was almost exclusively laid out on flat terrain, it contains numerous artificially created standing waters such as ponds and canal-like moats , which are used exclusively for the development of flora and fauna . In the Karlsaue is the baroque palace orangery with the astronomical-physical cabinet , the marble bathroom and the kitchen pavilion . Three axes lead from the Karlswiese (the original bowling green) to the large basin and the flower island of Siebenbergen behind it. Originally another garden palace was planned in the area of today's Giesewiesen, but it did not come about. You can roam the park with its different, sometimes small-scale planting for hours on well-developed sandy paths. Pedestrian bridges (swimming pool and Gärtnerplatzbrücke) lead to the neighboring Fuldaaue . The planetary hiking trail begins at the orangery and runs largely within the Karlsaue.
Together with the Fuldaaue to the east or on the other bank of the Fulda, the Karlsaue forms one of the largest inner-city parks and one of the most extensive park-like local recreation areas in Germany , in which a federal garden show took place in 1955 (Karlsaue) and 1981 (Karls- and Fuldaaue) .
There are several restaurants in the orangery and along the Auedamm.
history
Originally the area of today's Karlsaue was surrounded by the Fulda as part of an inland delta on both sides . The western arm of the river was called Kleine Fulda. With the further development and design of the park, this arm was partially filled in and the above-mentioned kitchen ditch was created in the former river bed of the Kleine Fulda. The northern end of the arm is still - canalised - preserved as an underflow of the Drusel and is still called Kleine Fulda. As early as 1568, Landgrave Wilhelm IV had a renaissance garden laid out only on the tip of the marshy river island between the above-mentioned arms of the Fulda in the area of today's Orangery and Hessenkampfbahn , which was significantly smaller than today's Karlsaue. Landgrave Moritz expanded the park, which was henceforth called Moritzaue.
Today's Karlsaue goes back to Baroque plans from the reign of Landgrave Karl . Karl, who also initiated the construction of the Kassel landmark Hercules , is the namesake of the Karlsaue. Its initially strictly geometric-baroque design, which began in 1680, was abandoned at the end of the 18th century. The redesign corresponded to the then emerging fashion of the English landscape garden , but the original concept is easy to recognize.
The orangery was built from 1703 to 1710 . At the beginning of the 18th century, the flower island Siebenbergen was artificially piled up, on which rare plants were planted.
The wire bridge , which was built as a suspension bridge over the Fulda and opened to pedestrian traffic on November 1, 1870, gave the Auedamm at the north end of the park a permanent connection to the then densely built-up Untereustadt . In 1926, in the area of the Voraue, a small part of the former Moritzaue, which had often been used as an exhibition area, the Hessenkampfbahn was built, a then modern but small stadium (actually just a sports field with a few grandstands), which opened on May 2nd of the same year was inaugurated as part of a sports festival and in the presence of 10,000 athletes and many spectators and has since been a foreign body in the baroque park.
During the Second World War , the Karlsaue was hit by numerous bombs, so that the orangery was also badly damaged. Since 1955, when a federal horticultural show took place in the Karlsaue for the first time in Kassel , it has served as a location for open-air objects of the documenta every five years . For the garden exhibition, the rose slope, which lies between the city and the park, was completely redesigned. In 1981 a federal horticultural show took place in the Karlsaue for the second time in Kassel, with the exhibition area being expanded to include the specially built Fuldaaue on the other side of the Fulda; this Buga site has been a popular park since then . From documenta 7 , the pickaxe (1982) by Claes Oldenburg and the documenta artwork Arkansas Black Apple (2012) by Jimmie Durham and idee di Pietra (2012) by Giuseppe Penone remained on the edge of the Karlsaue . Starting in 1996, a Karlsaue planetary hiking trail starting at the orangery and extending beyond the Karlsaue area was laid out on a scale of 1: 495 million.
Since 1997, the southern part of Karlswiese and a large part of the Auedamm have both been the venue for the Kassel Zissel . Other areas of the park are also used again and again in summer for concerts, musicals, circus performances and other events.
Today, Karlsaue is one of two state parks in the State of Hesse and is maintained and administered by a branch of the State Palaces and Gardens of Hesse with around 20 employees.
Horticultural plant
The starting point of the park is the orangery , from which five axes originally radiated out. The central axis leads to the Aueteich, which is also called the Great Basin . In literary terms he was often described in the work by the Kassel-based writer Christine Brückner . This is a large pond in the south of the Karlsaue, in the middle of which there is a classical temple on the Swan Island. The two outer path axes are traversed by canals or very elongated ponds (left and west: kitchen ditch , right and east: Hirschgraben ), of which the kitchen ditch behind the Aueteich opens into another, ring-shaped water system that leads to behind the Aueteich and there surrounds the flower island of Siebenbergen .
The Karlswiese is an extensive bowling green in front of the orangery . It is surrounded by a classical group of sculptures . The individual statues, including two groups of horse tamers (1767) by Johann August Nahl (the Elder) , are representations of ancient sculptures. They were only erected in 1804 and border the two outer axes of the trenches. For documenta 12 , a large part of Karlswiese was built over with an exhibition hall based on plans by French architects Lacaton & Vassal in 2007 .
A pedunculate oak with a chest height of 7.95 m (2015) stands near the lake .
literature
- Horst Becker: The history of the Karlsaue in Kassel. Planning history and inventory. Part I: From the renaissance garden to the baroque and rococo park . In: Die Gartenkunst 8 (1/1996), pp. 11–28.
- Horst Becker: Karlsaue State Park Kassel: Landscaped baroque park with Siebenbergen Island . Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2002. ISBN 3-7954-1347-8
- Ulrike Hanschke: The gardens of Landgraves Wilhelm IV and Moritz in Kassel as reflected in handwritten sources . In: Die Gartenkunst 3 (2/1991), pp. 175–188.
- Bernd Modrow, Claudia Gröschel: Princely pleasure. 400 years of garden culture in Hessen . Schnell + Steiner publishing house, Regensburg 2002. ISBN 3-7954-1487-3
- Bernd Modrow: Wilhelm Hentze's importance for garden art in Hesse using the example of the Karlsaue in Kassel . In: Die Gartenkunst 6 (1/1994), pp. 130-138.
- Michael Rohde, Horst Becker, Jörn Langhorst, Michael Karkosch: Staatspark Karlsaue Kassel, Parkpflegewerk . Bad Homburg v. d. Height 2004. ISBN 3-7954-1532-2
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Oak in the Karlsaue in Kassel in the directory of monumental oaks . Retrieved October 28, 2016
Coordinates: 51 ° 18 ′ 7 ″ N , 9 ° 29 ′ 36 ″ E