Karmarschstrasse
The Karmarschstraße in Hannover is a main shopping street, which is crucial for the city structure since 1879th It runs between Kröpcke and Friederikenplatz and its importance for the traffic structure of the inner city can only be compared with Georgstraße and the route of the railway . The Karmarschstraße was named after Karl Karmarsch after the construction of its first section in 1880 ; it was not until 1950 that the entire street was given this name.
history
Already at the time of the still young Kingdom of Hanover , the Hanoverian court architect Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves planned a wide road opening "across the main streets in the same direction in the old town." In 1816 Laves planned a representative axis only to the Leineschloss , in 1820 he designed a traffic connection that completely crossed the old town .
However, it was only in the course of industrialization and shortly before the establishment of the German Empire that the entrepreneur Ferdinand Wallbrecht and his Hanover construction company developed their own plans for the long-desired transverse breakthrough through the old town, but now as a traffic route between the main train station and the former Linden train station . For this purpose, Wallbrecht bought the real estate in the desired route from 1871 under sometimes difficult conditions. For example, he first had to build a replacement building for the historic state house . But it was only with the impending relocation of the Polytechnic from Georgstrasse to Welfengarten in 1878 that Wallbrecht acquired the old university building and thus the key site for the construction of the Karmarschstrasse, which was now to be constructed: between 1879 and 1898, initially accompanied by great resistance from the population, which had no continuous street wanted, the first section up to Osterstraße was built purely privately from 1879 to 1881, whereby Ständehausstraße was created, which was initially only planned as a passage .
In the journal of the Architects and Engineers Association in Hanover , a sketch around the "Projektirte Central-Strasse" was published in 1879.
The second section, what was then Grupenstrasse , was built between 1881 and 1883 as an extension of Karmarschstrasse to Marktstrasse with its characteristic curve and then continued past the south wing of the Old Town Hall planned at the time . From Grupenstrasse, a branching passage on the market square led into the raised former market guard . Under Wallbrecht's sole direction, 70 parcels with narrow, five-story commercial and residential buildings in the neo-renaissance and neo-Gothic styles were built by almost all of Hanover's major architects.
Elaborate corner buildings were built on Georgstrasse, in particular the Hotel Continental and Haus Brackebusch , which were later rebuilt as the Europa House - from 1948 to 1949 .
The third section of Karmarschstraße was an extension of Grupenstraße and led to Leinstraße during the construction period from 1882 to 1892 . The construction of the street was carried out by Wallbrecht on behalf of the city and in connection with the construction of the market hall . In neo-Gothic style, only the new wing of the old town hall and the new town hall pharmacy were built on the street side . Other buildings were built with flatter facades in the style of the neo-renaissance and with a strong dissolution of the shop fronts.
The fourth section of the road crossing ran over the former Mühlenstrasse and the Am Himmelreich square, and in the years 1896–1898 the road was widened to Friederikenplatz . The river water art was created at today's place of the Göttinger Sieben in front of the Lower Saxony state parliament . As predicted by the opponents of Karmarschstrasse, Karmarschstrasse outclassed the old town , but gave the city center a new structure and thereby established the metropolitan commercial building as the predominant type of building.
After the severe destruction caused by the air raids on Hanover during the Second World War , the first construction plans were made in 1947 and 1948. On the site of the former Hotel Continental , the so-called Conti block was created as a temporary measure . From 1948, new buildings were built by the Hanover construction community with the residents' “construction cooperatives”, and the property boundaries were reassigned in joint planning. Blocks were created at the same height with a recess on the top floors and a flat facade relief. Individual buildings were built by different architects. With foresight, the street was widened from 17.5 meters to 28 meters for the subway, which was built later, with basement pavements and arcades that were actually planned to be more extensive. However, the overall effect of Karmarschstrasse was partially lost due to individualized conversions and new buildings.
Between 1965 and 1975 the Hanover subway was built , and then the street space was redesigned, including objects from the street art program . The northern part of Karmarschstrasse, now redesigned as a pedestrian zone, was now heavily influenced by the Kröpcke-Center that was built at the time . The last vacant lot was closed in 1973 by the now listed solitary building of the Sparkasse at number 47 .
The buildings from the 19th century between Köbelingerstraße and Leinstraße , initially intended for demolition, were included in the block renewal of Bohlendamm at the end of the 1980s . The intersection with Osterstraße (also known as the “Altstadt Südkurve”) in the course of the Expo 2000 from 2002 onwards is now dubbed a place of the world exhibition and in 2008 it was provided with a decorative plaster with an expo motif.
literature
- Harold Hammer-Schenk : The breakthrough of Karmarschstrasse , in Harald Hammer-Schenk, Günther Kokkelink (Ed.): Laves and Hanover / Lower Saxony Architecture in the Nineteenth Century (582 pages), revised new edition of the catalog for the exhibition “From the castle to the train station, building in Hanover “… , Hanover: Ed. Libri Artis Schäfer, 1989, ISBN 3-88746-236-X , pp. 279-292
- Gerd Weiß : The breakthrough in Karmarschstrasse and Karmarschstrasse. In: Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, City of Hanover, part 1, vol. 10.1 , ed. by Hans-Herbert Möller, Lower Saxony State Administration Office - publications by the Institute for Monument Preservation , Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1983, ISBN 3-528-06203-7 , p. 75 and others; as well as: middle of the addendum to volume 10.2, list of architectural monuments according to § 4 ( NDSchG ) (excluding architectural monuments of the archaeological monument preservation) / Status: July 1, 1985 / City of Hanover , p. 3ff.
- Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : Karmarschstraße , in Dirk Böttcher , Klaus Mlynek (ed.): Hannover. Kunst- und Kultur-Lexikon (HKuKL), new edition, 4th, updated and expanded edition, zu Klampen, Springe 2007, ISBN 978-3-934920-53-8 , pp. 155f. u.ö.
- Helmut Knocke: Karmarschstrasse. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 337.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Helmut Knocke: Karmarschstrasse. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 337
- ↑ Harold Hammer-Schenk: The breakthrough of Karmarschstrasse , in Harald Hammer-Schenk, Günther Kokkelink (Ed.): Laves and Hanover / Lower Saxony Architecture in the Nineteenth Century (582 pages), revised new edition of the catalog for the exhibition “From the castle to the train station, Building in Hanover “… , Hanover: Ed. Libri Artis Schäfer, 1989, ISBN 3-88746-236-X , pp. 279-292
Coordinates: 52 ° 22 '18.4 " N , 9 ° 44' 14.1" E