St. Florin Cathedral (Vaduz)

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The St. Florin Cathedral in Vaduz

The St. Florins Church in Vaduz is an east - facing neo - Gothic three - aisled church with a front tower in Vaduz , Liechtenstein , which was built from 1869 to 1873 according to plans by Friedrich von Schmidt under the direction of the architect Ignaz von Banko. The patron saint of the church is St. Florin (Florinus) , who lived in the 7th century and came from Matsch in Vinschgau .

history

The religious center in the Oberland of today's Principality of Liechtenstein has long been the neighboring community of Schaan with the Church of St. Peter built on the foundation walls of the Roman fort . Around 1250, a people priest is mentioned for the first time for Vaduz.
After the founding of the County of Vaduz (1342), the Florins Chapel in Vaduz became the Count's own church; the patronage rights were transferred to the princes von und zu Liechtenstein with the acquisition of the county in 1712. A chapel may have been built in the early Middle Ages; the church is mentioned repeatedly from 1375 onwards, and subsequently renovated and enlarged several times. For a time the chapel was also the burial place of the sovereigns from the families of the Counts of Werdenberg, Barons of Brandis, Counts of Sulz and von Hohenems. In 1602 the chapel was rededicated. In 1842 the relationship with the mother church in Schaan loosened through the establishment of an independent curate ( lower chaplaincy ). The Gottesacker , located southeast of the church, has been open to general use since 1844 ; in the 17th century the cemetery was reserved for the count's house and his servants.

St. Florin's Cathedral from the south

Building history

In 1868 the decision was made to build a new church in Vaduz, as the Florins chapel could no longer meet the increased demands. The area south of the previously existing Florins Chapel was chosen as the building site. The church was built according to plans by Friedrich von Schmidt under the direction of the architect Ignaz von Banko. The foundation stone was laid on August 17, 1869 and the topping-out ceremony was held on June 18, 1870. The consecration of the three altars finally followed in October 1873. The construction costs without interior decoration amounted to around 205,000 guilders, of which more than three quarters were contributed by the Prince of Liechtenstein .

In 1872 the tower and the sacristy of the Florinskapelle were demolished, and finally in 1874 the last remnants of the previous building, which probably dates from the last third of the first millennium, were torn down.

In 1965 and 1966, under the direction of the architect Hans Rheinberger , the parish church was extensively renovated in accordance with the liturgical requirements of the Second Vatican Council . In addition, the church building was expanded to include the baptistery.

The church has been a listed building since April 24, 1992.

Own parish and elevation to the cathedral

The parish of St. Florin covers the area of ​​the municipality of Vaduz , which has an area of ​​17.284 km² and is home to 5,038 inhabitants, 3,616 of whom are Catholics. It emerged from the area of ​​the parish of Schaan with the inauguration of the Church of St. Florin in 1873 .

With the Apostolic Constitution “Ad satius consulendum” of December 2, 1997, Pope John Paul II separated the territory of the Principality of Liechtenstein from the Diocese of Chur and established the Archdiocese of Vaduz for this area . First archbishop was Wolfgang Haas . The parish church of St. Florin was also elevated to a cathedral .

Furnishing

Works of art

  • The 47 cm high bust reliquary of St. Florin was created around 1520 as a half-figure with biretta and chalice. A breast niche in the figure was prepared to hold a relic .
  • The 77 cm high wooden sculpture God the Father was probably made in Vorarlberg around 1550 as part of a depiction of the Coronation of Mary . (Further figures should be in different wayside shrines in the local area, e.g. at Haus Verling in Mitteldorf)
  • The baroque wall figures were created around 1670, probably for the former Florins Chapel: Apostles Peter and Paul next to the high altar, and in the side chapel Christ as ruler of the world , Mary under the cross and Evangelist John .
  • The high altar with statues of the four evangelists was created by Josef Leimer in Vienna in 1873.
  • Under the altar is a Gothic wooden sculpture of the grave of Christ , which is believed to have come from Carinthia .
  • In 1961, the sculptor Hans von Matt from Stans created the bronze figures of Christmas and Pietà by the stairs to the church.
  • In 1965 the parish church was donated a 125 cm high Gothic wooden sculpture Madonna and Child (created around 1480 in a Lower Bavarian workshop) during the renovation .
  • In 1965 the sculptor Emil Gehrer from Bregenz created the Way of the Cross of the parish church.
  • The glass paintings are works by the artist Martin Häusle († 1966) from Feldkirch : hymn of praise of the youngsters in the furnace (according to Dan 3, 51–90), the spirit of God over the primeval tide , the passage through the red sea and the easter morning .

Rheinberger organ

The then Prince of Liechtenstein asked the composer Josef Gabriel Rheinberger , who came from there, to look for a good organ builder for the new church. Rheinberger, working in Munich, then wrote to Steinmeyer in 1871 . The organ he had arranged with 33 registers, cone chests and a colorful, fundamental tone with great dynamics was built by him in the years 1873/74; Rheinberger played on it at the inauguration.

The Vaduz organ was spared the need to melt down the pewter prospect pipes during the First World War. The instrument was rebuilt and expanded in 1947. The prospectus was moved back 1.25 m. 1979 Orgelbau Mathis renovated the organ again. In the years 2010 to 2013, the organ, of which 956 pipes from 25 original registers were still preserved at that time, was restored to its original condition in the course of a new restoration by Hermann Eule Orgelbau Bautzen , but with the addition of seven registers in the swell and an electronic storage system. Several preserved Steinmeyer organs in the Czech Republic served as samples for reconstructing missing pipes. Due to the limited space from 1947 onwards, the reinstallation of cone shops was not an option; Owl installed slider chests. The organ is tuned to a '= 431 Hz. In order to enable an interplay with instruments tuned to 440 Hz, Eule built in a two-register accompaniment that can be played from the first manual and is tuned to 440 Hz.

The instrument has 48 registers (42 real registers and six transmissions) on three manuals and a pedal .

Rheinberger organ 2015
I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Drone 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Tibia 8th'
4th Viola di gamba 8th'
5. Dumped 8th'
6th Fifth flute 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′
7th Octave 4 ′
8th. Gemshorn 4 ′
9. Fifth (from no.11) 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
10. Octave 2 ′
11. Mixture V 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
12. Trumpet 8th'


I Companion C – g 3
13. Reed flute 8th'
14th Canora 4 ′
II Pages C – g 3
15th Salicional (= No. 25) 16 ′
16. Principal flute 8th'
17th Darling Dumped 8th'
18th Aeoline 8th'
19th Fugara 4 ′
20th flute 4 ′
21st Nasard (from No. 23) 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
22nd Flageolet 2 ′
23. Cornett III-V 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
24. Bassoon Clarinet 8th'
III Swell C – g 3
25th Salicional 16 ′
26th Violin principal 8th'
27. Viennese flute 8th'
28. Dolce 8th'
29 Salicional 8th'
30th Vox coelestis 8th'
31. Violin Octave (from No. 35) 4 ′
32. viola 4 ′
33. Flute travers 4 ′
34. Flautino 2 ′
35. Progressio III – IV 4 ′
36. Trumpet harm. 8th'
37. oboe 8th'
38. Physharmonica 8th'
Tremulant
Pedals C – f 1
39. Principal bass 16 ′
40. Violon 16 ′
41. Sub bass 16 ′
42. Salicetbass (= No. 25) 16 ′
43. Quintbass 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
44. Octavbass 8th'
45. violoncello 8th'
46. Dolcebass (= No. 28) 8th'
47. Flute bass 4 ′
48. trombone 16 ′

Bells

The ringing of St. Florin initially consisted of four bells that were cast in 1872 by the Grassmayr bell foundry (Feldkirch) . They were donated by Prince Johann II to complete the church . In 1965 two more bells were added (No. 1, Ø 2.18 m and No. 4, Ø 1.09 m), which were cast by the Eschmann bell foundry in Rickenbach TG .

The bells in detail:

No.
  		Surname
  		Casting year
  		Weight
(kg, approx.) 		Diameter
(cm) 		Chime
  		Remarks
 
1 Trinity Bell 1965 6190 218 g 0 is only rung on the highest public holidays or on special occasions
2 St. John's Bell 1872 2442 b 0 we you. a. rang in autumn at the beginning of the grape harvest
3 Our Lady Bell 1872 1288 d 1 Angelus bell
4th Angel bell 1965 736 109 g 1 Baptismal bell
5 Lucius bell 1872 734 f 1
6th Florins bell 1872 302 b 1 Death bells

Princely crypt

Until the time after the Second World War, the traditional burial place of the House of Liechtenstein was in the Paulan monastery in Wranau ( Vranov u Brna , Moravia). After the collapse of the Austrian monarchy , the Liechtenstein princes had to leave their South Moravian castles in Lednice (Eisgrub) and Valtice (Feldsberg). After Austria was annexed to the German Reich in March 1938 , the newly ruling Prince Franz Josef II decided as the first Prince of Liechtenstein - due to the rejection of National Socialism - to move his residence to Liechtenstein at Vaduz Castle. This also made it necessary to build a new family burial place. In 1960 the Princely Crypt near St. Florin was built according to plans by the Liechtenstein architect Hans Rheinberger . The tomb contains an altar with a stone cross. The entrance door of the crypt is a bronze high relief made in 1992 by the Italian artist Carmelo Pozzolo with an artist's depiction of the raising of Lazarus . The princely coat of arms is also in bronze above the door.
The Princely Crypt is located a few meters south of the cathedral and is only open to the public once a year, on All Saints' Day (November 1st).

The following members of the Liechtenstein royal family were buried here:

  1. Maria Elisabeth von Leutzendorff, Princess von und zu Liechtenstein (23 May 1921 to 10 September 1944) - (wife of Prince Constantin)
  2. Elsa von Gutmann , Princess von und zu Liechtenstein (January 6, 1875 to September 28, 1947) - (wife of Prince Franz I )
  3. Prince Edward von und zu Liechtenstein (September 2, 1872 to May 8, 1951)
  4. Prince Alois von und zu Liechtenstein (June 17, 1869 to March 16, 1955)
  5. Prince Karl Aloys von und zu Liechtenstein (September 16, 1878 to June 20, 1955)
  6. Prince Johannes von und zu Liechtenstein (January 6, 1873 to September 3, 1959)
  7. Elisabeth Archduchess of Austria, Princess von und zu Liechtenstein (7 July 1878 to 13 March 1960) - (wife of Prince Alois)
  8. Maria Annunziata Archduchess of Austria (July 31, 1876 to April 7, 1961) - (Sister of Princess Elisabeth)
  9. Princess Marizza von und zu Liechtenstein, Countess Andrassy (December 7, 1886 to December 14, 1961)
  10. Elisabeth von Urach, Princess von und zu Liechtenstein (23 August 1894 to 13 October 1962) - (wife of Prince Alois)
  11. Princess Maria Therese von und zu Liechtenstein (September 9, 1871 to April 9, 1964)
  12. Olga Pückler zu Limburg, Princess von und zu Liechtenstein (April 11, 1873 to February 14, 1966) - (wife of Prince Eduard)
  13. Prince Alois von und zu Liechtenstein (December 20, 1917 to February 14, 1967)
  14. Therese Maria zu Oettingen-Oettingen, Princess von und zu Liechtenstein (July 1, 1887 to March 29, 1971) - (wife of Prince Alfred)
  15. Prince Ulrich von und zu Liechtenstein (August 29, 1913 to October 12, 1978)
  16. Prince Johannes von und zu Liechtenstein (October 18, 1899 to November 5, 1979)
  17. Prince Ferdinand von und zu Liechtenstein (January 18, 1901 to February 6, 1981)
  18. Emma von Hohenau von Gutmannsthal-Benvenuti (May 14, 1926 to August 31, 1984) - (wife of Count Wilhelm von Hohenau)
  19. Georgina von Wilczek, Princess von und zu Liechtenstein (October 24, 1921 to October 18, 1989) - (wife of Prince Franz Josef II. )
  20. Franz Josef II , Prince von und zu Liechtenstein (August 16, 1906 to November 13, 1989)
  21. Prince Wenzel von und zu Liechtenstein (November 19, 1962 to February 28, 1991)
  22. Prince Heinrich von und zu Liechtenstein (October 21, 1920 to November 29, 1993)
  23. Prince Georg von und zu Liechtenstein (November 11, 1911 to January 18, 1998)
  24. Prince Constantin von und zu Liechtenstein (December 23, 1911 to March 28, 2001)
  25. Prince Hans Moritz von und zu Liechtenstein (March 6, 1914 to February 3, 2004)
  26. Princess Jean von und zu Liechtenstein, b. French (October 12, 1917 to July 28, 2005)
  27. Wilhelm, Count von Hohenau (May 29, 1922 to November 27, 2006)
  28. Prince Vincenz von und zu Liechtenstein (July 30, 1950 to January 14, 2008)
  29. Princess Eleonore von und zu Liechtenstein (May 28, 1920 to May 30, 2008)
  30. Princess Clothilde von und zu Liechtenstein (November 30, 1922 to September 1, 2009)
  31. Prince Dominik von und zu Liechtenstein (June 20, 1950 to September 20, 2009)
  32. Princess Alienor Faye von und zu Liechtenstein (September 29, 2014 to December 13, 2015)
  33. Princess Ilona von und zu Liechtenstein (May 17, 1921 to August 2, 2019)

There is a ban on sound and image recordings in the Princely Crypt.

see also: Tombs of European monarchs

  • Princely Crypt (exterior view)

  • Princely Crypt (interior)

  • Grave of Franz Josef II.

Postage stamps

The parish church of Vaduz, together with the government building, was the first motif for a postage stamp issue by the principality in 1925 (face value 1½ francs).

In 1930 the picture side of a postal stationery (value 20 cents) shows a view of Vaduz with the castle, church and the surrounding area.

On December 6, 1966, a four-part issue series pays tribute to the restoration of the parish church with a side view (value 5 cents) and figure details St.

literature

  • Ernst Schlunegger: Motif Handbook Liechtenstein . Basel 1984, ISBN 3-907034-21-X . (= Series of publications by the Swiss Association of Subjects Collectors, No. 21)
  • Ludwig Schnüriger and Franz Näscher: The parish church of Vaduz . Vaduz 1995.
  • Cornelia Herrmann: The art monuments of the Principality of Liechtenstein. The Oberland. In: Society for Swiss Art History GSK (Ed.): Die Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz. Bern 2007, ISBN 978-3-906131-85-6 .
  • Klaus Biedermann (Red.): Church and organ at St. Florin in Vaduz. Published by the municipality of Vaduz. Vaduz 2013, ISBN 978-3-905833-07-2

Web links

Commons : Cathedral of St. Florin, Vaduz  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 47 ° 8 '10.3 "  N , 9 ° 31' 21.8"  E ; CH1903:  758,087  /  222680

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cornelia Herrmann: The art monuments of the Principality of Liechtenstein. 2007, p. 233.
  2. ↑ Cornelia Herrmann: The art monuments of the Principality of Liechtenstein. 2007, pp. 233-234.
  3. ↑ Preservation of monuments and archeology in the Principality of Liechtenstein: Fund and research reports 2010 , www.llv.li
  4. ↑ Monument protection objects , www.vaduz.li
  5. ↑ HERMANN EULE ORGELBAU - Vaduz, St. Florin's Cathedral. Retrieved June 17, 2020 .
  6. ^ Rheinberger organ on the website of the Cathedral Parish St. Florin Vaduz, accessed on January 2, 2014.
  7. ^ Contributions by Elisabeth Huppmann in " Liechtensteiner Vaterland " from July 16 and 17, 2010, see also: https://www.euleorgelbau.de/front_content.php?idcat=17&idart=34&lang=1
  8. ^ Parish of St. Florin / Parish Church / Glocken , accessed on December 7, 2017
  9. ^ Paul Vogt: Bridges to the Past. 1990, p. 52.
  10. ↑ stampland.ch: Restoration of the Vaduz parish church ( Memento from January 16, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )