License plate (Chile)
The current Chilean license plates (since nationwide centralization in 1985 Placa Patente Única , PPU for short ) always have three pairs of characters. Serial identification numbers either have two pairs of letters and a pair of digits at the end or a pair of letters and digits and a pair of digits at the end. The lettering "Chile" can be found on the lower edge. Two of the three pairs of signs are separated by a national coat of arms . They do not have holograms, stickers or the like, nor do they usually allow any conclusions to be drawn about the origin of the vehicle .
The color of the license plates provides information about the type of vehicle. In this way, private and commercial vehicles, taxis , etc. can be distinguished. Passenger transport vehicles (taxis, buses) always have the number of the license plate painted on the body .
There is no regulation for custom license plates like in Germany . Only the last digit can be chosen conditionally. This is used to impose a driving ban on certain vehicles in the event of excessive air pollution from exhaust gases . Such driving bans are currently imposed on license plates after the final digit on days with high environmental pollution. This may apply to license plates of one (vehicle with catalytic converter) or two (only vehicles without catalytic converter) of the number pairs 1/2, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8 or 9/0. So z. For example, the license plates YB · 34-67 and BG-XZ · 18 may be affected if the pair of numbers 7/8 is not driven because of their final digits.
Serial numbers are usually assigned in sequence. A higher letter at the beginning of the number plate also indicates a younger year of construction . Older vehicles with later first registration or imported vehicles are given a serial number that does not always correspond to the apparent age. Nowadays the license plate is also applied to some vehicle parts (body, windows, mirrors, etc.).
Today there are 15 types of license plate. Each license plate "lives and dies with the car". Around 800,000 signs are produced for this every year.
Formats
Format 1: Old format (until December 31, 1984)
In this first system, the vehicles were registered with the municipality; here it was possible to draw conclusions about their origin. In addition to numbers and letters, the license plates also showed the name of the issuing city or municipality. They were issued in different colors depending on the type and use of the vehicle. Sometimes the number plate also bore the year in which it was issued. In different epochs, the license plate also bore a letter that provided information about the vehicle type or use. Here P stood for particular (private vehicle), C for comercial (business vehicle), SW for station wagon (station wagon / caravan), BUS for buses, etc.
Until 1940
The license plates were issued individually and independently of the respective cities and municipalities, which also determined any appearance and format themselves. Already in 1919 there were license plates that contained letters and numbers.
1940s and 1950s
For the municipality of Santiago, license plates were issued in the AA · 10 format, letters and numbers were separated by an asterisk.
- AB 23/53 Santiago P
1960s
For the municipality of Santiago, plates were issued in the AA · 10 format.
- Santiago P / DE 68 45
For the rest of the country there were two-letter and three-digit plates, separated by the symbol of the Casa de Moneda de Chile (S̊) and the year of issue. The issuing municipality stood above or below the number plate.
- ES 64 430 / Valparaiso P
- Valparaiso P / ES 62 740
- HF 69 598 / Quilicura P.
Already at this time, replacement labels made of paper were issued in order to bridge the period until a tin plate was made.
1970s
For the municipality of Santiago license plates were issued in the format AA · 10 and AA · 1 .
- Santiago P / AE 78 92 (see picture)
- Santiago C / VY 78 2
- WD 75 17 / Santiago C
For the rest of the country there were 4 or 5 character plates, grouped by letters and numbers.
- EZK 73 79 / Valparaiso P (see picture)
- Valparaiso P / EZK 74 79
- Providencia P / JX 74 308
- DIH 77 1 / Coquimbo C.
1980s
Across the country, license plates were issued in the AAA · 100 format. The color provided information about the vehicle type depending on the year. The number and the municipality (and year) of the issue were found in two lines. Depending on the municipality, the license plate was either above or below.
- YEA 361 / Mafil 83 (see picture)
- Villa Alemana / DYV 624
Between 1981 and 1984 the first letters were distributed among the regions as follows:
- Regiones de Arica y Parinacota, and Tarapacá: A
- Región de Antofagasta: B.
- Regiones de Atacama and Coquimbo: C
- Región de Valparaíso: D, E, F
- Región Metropolitana de Santiago: G, H, I, J, K, L, N, O, P, R
- Región del Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins: S.
- Región del Maule: T
- Región del Bio Bio: U, V
- Región de la Araucanía: X
- Regiones de Los Ríos and Los Lagos: Y
- Regiones de Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo and de Magallanes: Z
Format 2: AA10-00 (January 1, 1985 to August 31, 2007)
This format is fundamentally different from its predecessor. It was introduced on January 1, 1985 with a smooth transition, i.e. H. old license plates of format 1 were only exchanged for new license plates in the event of a change of ownership or re-registration. From that day on, however, new registrations received a license plate in the new format.
This format consists of two letters followed by a simplified national coat of arms. This is followed by two pairs of digits, separated by a point. The signs measure 37.5 cm × 17 cm.
The first letter can be one of the following: A, B, C, E, F, G, H, D, K, L, N, P, R, S, T, U, V, X, Y, Z, W and M . M and W were initially not used in second place in order to save space in width. Only when the previous combinations from AA to ZZ were assigned from the letters mentioned above, the series was supplemented by the combinations WA to WZ , ZW to KW (without VW ) and finally until the introduction of format 3 MZ to MX .
The I was only used with a preceding D due to its similarity to the J, and the Ñ and the Q were omitted because of their similarities to the N and the O (except for diplomatic signs). The J is awarded for freight trailers.
All license plates have the word CHILE on the lower edge, except for the Transantiago buses .
Format 3: BB-BB10 (currently since September 1, 2007)
A new format began to be used in September 2007. It consists of four letters, followed by the previously used simplified national coat of arms and two digits. This system uses 18 letters: B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, P, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z. As before, the letters Ñ and Q are excluded, currently N and M are also not used to avoid inconvenient combinations. Likewise, no vowels are used in order to avoid the formation of whole words. The signs are in Helvetica set
Even if new vehicles have the current format, the old formats have not been renewed. Both formats are currently in circulation. The dimensions of the signs have been retained.
The numbers run from 10 to 99 for all letter series. The type design is the same as with the old format. It is also the same as the old formats that all license plates have the word CHILE on the lower edge, except for the Transantiago buses.
This format came into effect on September 3, 2007, and the license plates cost $ 15,570 CLP . With an average of 250,000 new registrations, the newly available 9,447,840 combinations should last for around 38 years. The security features have been improved. They were awarded starting with BB-BB · 10 to BB-BB · 99, then on with BB-BC · 10 to BB-BC · 99 etc. However, for the period between February and July 2013 alone, almost 270,000 pairs of license plates were ordered given. On March 5, 2019, it became known that over half of the number plate combinations available in this system had already been assigned. The Registro Civil then reckoned that the remaining combinations would last for another 12 years or so.
The plates for the license plates are made by the Casa de Moneda de Chile. In April 2011, the unexpectedly high number of new registrations of 15,000 new registrations per month resulted in bottlenecks in the aluminum blanks for the license plates, so that around 5,000 vehicles could not be approved for public transport. Although more blanks were bought from abroad (250,000 from Germany and 60,000 from Argentina), it could not be prevented that from October 3, 2011, cardboard license plates had to be issued. As a result, the production of the license plates was put out to tender internationally to private companies in September 2012.
New design with counterfeit-heavy type
At the beginning of 2014, the license plates are to be given a new face. The authorities are reacting to a growing number of criminal offenses in connection with forged license plates. In the future, front and rear license plates should also be distinguishable and the typography will be changed in such a way that forging and manipulating license plates is made more difficult. This does not change the format of the license plates, only their appearance. The sign should indicate directly whether it should be attached to the front or the rear of the vehicle. Obviously, the use of the FE font for the new layout is also being considered. This was implemented when the license plates from the letters GK were issued in the first third of 2014. You can see the delantera imprint at the bottom left to identify the front license plate.
The dimensions of the license plates with the new type for cars have remained the same (360 × 130 mm), for motorcycles they are now 40 mm higher (145 × 120 mm).
The Casa de Moneda announced that it had initially produced 1,115,240 pieces.
Not only the license plates for new cars, but also lost and stolen plates are replaced by those with the new type. The existing series of letters will be continued.
In summary, the new labels have the following properties:
- Issued in the Registro Civil from March 2014
- Set in the Type FE font
- Made from aluminum blanks, covered with a reflective film that changes color depending on the type of license plate
- The words TRASERA (back) and DELANTERA (front) are laser-printed, 5 mm high, each at the bottom left
- Sign dimensions: 360 × 130 mm (for vehicles with four or more wheels)
- Height of the letters: 70 mm (for vehicles with four or more wheels)
- Height of the digits: 66 mm (for vehicles with four or more wheels)
- Coat of arms as relief: 20 × 20 mm (for vehicles with four or more wheels)
- CHILE lettering (bottom center for vehicles with four or more wheels, top center for two or three wheels) in capital letters, in FE font, 15 mm high
- central point as separator with a maximum diameter of 10 mm
- Seal REGISTRO CIVIL E IDENTIFICACION not marked, but imprinted with laser
In February 2016 number plates with the HS series were already in circulation. By June 9, 2016 at the latest, license plates from the HT series were also in circulation . No later than July 2016 license plate car began with the issuance of that with J begin. In March 2019 the license plates of the LC series were in the current edition.
License plate for trailers
According to a law from 2003, labels according to format 2 are issued for trailers and semi-trailers with a gross weight of 3860 kg or more, using the complete series of the letter J. These indicators therefore follow the format (JA · 10-00).
Lighter weight trailers will continue to be registered with the municipality. On a white background they have the format (AAA · 001) in red, and the letters I and O are also in use. They also bear the name of the community in which the trailer is approved.
License plate for two-wheelers and quads
These license plates are generally smaller and until 2014 were issued with two letters and three digits (AB 123), separated by a point. Like the other license plates, they also bear the word CHILE . In fact, these marks were registered in the format AB · 0123, but due to lack of space on the sheet metal they appear without the leading zero. In addition, the complete series of letters I, J, M, N, O and Q as well as the combinations CC and CD are used for two-wheeled license plates.
With the introduction of the FE lettering on two-wheeled license plates in the first third of 2014, the sign will be 40 mm higher. In addition, these indicators will soon be issued in the AAA · 10 format . This project was implemented in the second half of 2014, from now on, labels are for bicycles and other small vehicles on the format BBB · 10 awarded. While the center point ( · ) was still used in this format in the B and C series , there is currently (July 2016) a point ( . ) In its place: DBB.10 and FBB.10 . The same applies to replacement license plates in the old format issued from this point in time.
Unlike in Germany, motorized two-wheelers (with the exception of police motorcycles) have a sign at the front and rear. In connection with the enlargement of the sign with the new brief, this has caused displeasure among many motorcyclists. Among other things, they complained about the difficulty of putting this large sign up front. In particular, it can also make the motorcycle more susceptible to wind. With effect from June 17, 2015, the front license plates on motorcycles have been abolished. Newly registered motorcycles only have a rear license plate; those with two license plates can be re-registered on a single license plate.
Special formats
Transitional mark - Patentes provisionales
Temporary license plates are shown in black letters on an orange background, but with five or six characters. They are the same size as all car license plates and follow the format PR · 100 or PR · 1000 , with a black star between the letters and the numbers. In the lower line they do not have the word CHILE like almost all other formats , but the identifier PROVISORIA and the year of issue.
Every year the numbering starts at 001 . In 2014, the number 1000 was exceeded, which is why these labels were then issued in the PR 1000 format.
Previously, these labels were also issued by the municipality and, according to format 1, had three letters and three digits, but with the addition PROVISORIA . In 1985 the format was very similar to today's, but always with 4 digits.
Their main purpose is to provide test drives and overpasses for auto sellers and buyers.
Fire Brigade - Cuerpo Bomberos
Although they can be registered free of charge, most of the vehicles of the fire brigade units in Chile have the normal white license plates for private vehicles. In larger cities or metropolitan areas it is possible that the fire brigades have official signs (“patentes institucionales”). They are made up of the letters CB (Cuerpo Bomberos), followed by one or two letters for the city, then a black star and then another distinguishing number. The license plates have black or white lettering on a red background.
Thus, there is a flag CBS · 212 and the indicator CBS · 102 , CBS · 108 , CBS · 109 , CBS · 113 , CBS · 015 , CBS · 215 , CBS · 204 , CBS · 213 , CBS · 214 , CBS · 217 for fire brigade vehicles in Santiago.
The municipality of Ñuñoa maintains a fire truck with the registration number CBÑ · B3 .
In Valparaiso, a team bus with the registration number CBV · 008 and fire engines with the registration number CBV · 101 , CBV · 012 and CBV · 141 are permitted.
The municipality of La Granja maintains two fire engines that are registered with the license plates CBLG · Z-1 and CBLG · Z-2 . Another vehicle bears the registration number CBLG · B4 .
For the municipality of Peñaflor vehicles with the license plates CBP · 101 and CBP · 301 are registered and in the municipality of Quinta Normal there is a fire engine with the license plates CBQN · B8 and QN · 0003 .
Armed Forces - Fuerzas Armadas
Police - Carabineros de Chile
The police have license plates with white letters on a black background. The police fleet has a combination of letters:
- B for buses
- RP for radio patrol (Radio patrullas)
- AP for Police Support (Apoyo Policial)
- M for motorcycles
- Z for trucks , vans and minibuses
- LA for water cannons (Carros lanzaaguas)
- J for off-road vehicles
- AG for light and heavy tow trucks (Grúa)
- C for the mounted police department (Caballeria)
- TC for transports of mounted police
and numbers numbered accordingly. The inscription CARABINEROS DE CHILE can be found above this sign . Vehicles of the PDI (Policía de Investigaciones de Chile) and the Gendarmerie (Gendarmería de Chile) have the standard license plates like private vehicles.
Ejército - army
Today the license plates are green plastic or metal plates with white letters on a dark green background.
Fuerza Aérea - Air Force
These marks of the armed forces also have white letters on a black background. Information about the vehicle is provided by the leading letters followed by a serial number. There are different registrations: CC , CM , CT , VG
Armada de Chile - Navy
The navy vehicles have license plates with black lettering on a sand-colored background. Most of the time, the front of the license plate is CIM , followed by a number.
Diplomatic Corps - Cuerpo diplomático
Diplomatic license plates are issued for vehicles of diplomats, consuls and other employees of the diplomatic missions and their families. This is done with the approval of the Chilean Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Even if a vehicle has such a license plate, it always remains registered with its original private license plate, which it receives again immediately if it is no longer in contact with the diplomatic mission abroad. They have white letters on a light blue background, they consist of two letters followed by numbers; both separated by a small star:
- CD: Diplomatic Corps (Cuerpo Diplomático)
- CC: Consular Corps (Cuerpo Consular)
- CH: Honorary Consuls (Cónsul Honorario)
- AT: Technical Assistance Staff (Asistencia Técnica Personal)
- OI: international organization (Organismo Internacional)
- PAT: temporarily permitted admission (Permiso de admisión temporal)
The first pair of numbers (for the identifiers CD, CC, CH, AT) indicates that they belong to a diplomatic mission abroad; the countries are alphabetically arranged in Spanish. The license plates of the vehicles of the German representation have the numbers 02XX . The BMW of the German ambassador in Santiago, for example, has the license plate CD · 0201 . Chile has no diplomatic relations with Bolivia , so Bolivian interests are only represented by honorary consuls. Bolivia has the country code 99, for example CH 9904 .
A similar system applies to international organizations, although the organizations are not subject to an alphabetical order. Thus, the tag code is the ESO , the 23 ; a bus of this organization bears the registration number OI 2327 . The 20 stands for the AURA (Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy), an AURA car bears the registration number OI2077 . The 27 stands for ALMA , vehicles bear the license plates OI · 2703 and OI · 2705 . The following codes are also used: 01 , 02 , 03 , 04 , 05 , 06 , 07 , 08 , 10 , 25 , 26 .
Shortly before the introduction of format 2, the Chilean Ministry of Foreign Affairs stipulated in an ordinance of November 3, 1984, how many labels are available for which diplomatic function:
- Officials of the embassy or consulate:
- Head of the diplomatic mission abroad (generally the ambassador): 3 license plates
- other diplomatic officials: 2 license plates
- administrative and technical staff 1 license plate
- other experts: 1 license plate
- Staff of the international organizations (Organismos Internacionales)
- Head of the diplomatic mission or representative: 3 indicators
- other international employees: 2 labels
This list gives an overview of some of the country codes for diplomatic plates.
01 - Apostolic Nuncio 02 - Germany 04 - Argentina 05 - Australia 06 - Austria 07 - Belgium 09 - Brazil 10 - Bulgaria 11 - Canada 12 - Czech Republic 13 - Colombia 14 - South Korea 15 - Costa Rica 16 - Croatia 17 - Cuba 18 - Denmark |
20 - Egypt 21 - El Salvador 24 - United States 25 - United States 26 - Ethiopia 27 - Russia 28 - Philippines 30 - France 33 - Guatemala 36 - Hungary 37 - India 38 - Indonesia 39 - Israel 40 - Italy 41 - Japan 44 - Malaysia |
46 - Mexico 48 - Norway 53 - Paraguay 54 - Peru 55 - Poland 57 - United Kingdom 58 - Syria 59 - Algeria 60 - Dominican Republic 62 - People's Republic of China 70 - Uruguay 76 - Iraq 80 - European Union 99 - Bolivia |
Codes 19 , 22 , 23 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 35 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 63 , 65 , 68 , 69 , 71 , 72 , 77 , 81 are also currently in use .
This coding is apparently not used on two-wheelers, although these blue and white signs are also used for two-wheelers. For example, a motor scooter is approved for the German Embassy with the diplomatic license plate CD · 959 .
Identification of the duty-free zones - Zona franca
These license plates were issued from January 1, 2005 to newly registered vehicles in the two duty-free areas of Iquique and Punta Arenas . Cars purchased at lower prices in these tax-relieved zones are subject to restrictions. They are only allowed to be moved outside of the duty-free zone for 90 days per year; permission must be applied for. Corresponding regulations and sometimes severe penalties are stipulated by law for the use and trading of these vehicles. Exceeding the 90-day period is punished like tax evasion. A conspicuous red license plate was mandatory for these vehicles for better monitoring. However, there were always complaints from vehicle owners who had to use such a red license plate. They were checked by the police more than average, especially on the outskirts and outside the two duty-free zones. Today the red license plate is no longer compulsory, but is issued on request. Some companies use it to better control their vehicle fleet.
They have been issued in formats 2 and 3.
The FE script introduced in 2014 is also applied to these labels.
Buses of the Transantiago
The license plates of the buses of the Transantiago (bus network in Santiago) have green writing on a white background and have the word TRANSANTIAGO at the bottom and instead of the national coat of arms there is a square with an arrow inside .
If a license plate of a Transantiago bus is lost or damaged, the bus is given a replacement license plate that corresponds to that of a private vehicle. The writing CHILE instead of TRANSANTIAGO can be found at the bottom of the replacement paper sign .
As with private license plates and license plates for taxis and radio taxis, duplicate license plates in formats 2 and 3 have been issued in the new design with FE fonts since 2014.
Color and material
The license plates are mostly made of aluminum and have different color combinations depending on the type and purpose of the vehicle (formats AA10-00 and BB-BB10):
Private vehicles, heavy trailers
motorcycles
Taxis (taxi báscio)
Colectivos (shared taxis)
Executive taxi, tourism
Transantiago bus
Transitional mark - Patentes provisionales
Fire Brigade - Cuerpo Bomberos
Police - Carabineros de Chile
Armed Forces - Fuerzas armadas
Diplomatic Corps - Cuerpo diplomático
ALMA hallmarks
Customs license plate - Zona franca
Light trailers
Trivia
- The combinations that were not used for cars in the old system (format 2) because they were not listed in the "Instructivo para Validación de Patentes" are: BB , AD , AK , AY , GG , DC and VW .
Also, the only combinations that ended in M and Q or used the I and O were: XM , XQ , DI , ZI, and JO . Some of these series and combinations can be found on motorcycles. - The design of the license plates changed in 1991 with the introduction of the combination DP . The thickness of the letters was made somewhat narrower and the embossing was determined.
- Motor vehicles on Easter Island have the same license plates as those on the mainland. The island is part of the Region V .
- At the internet address apps.mtt.cl , the Chilean Ministerio de Transportes y Telecomunicaciones offers a service that enables everyone to use the license plate number to obtain more precise information on the owner of a taxi, radio taxi, bus, colectivos or school bus.
- Sometimes very special vehicles were assigned a completely red license plate in the 1980s. For example in 1982 with the presidential limousine , a Ford Galaxie 500 XL , built in 1966. As part of the conversion to Format 2, this limousine was given the license plate EL · 28-01 .
credentials
- ^ Richard A. Crooker: "Chile" (January 1, 2009), p. 103
- ↑ S. Roraff, L. Camacho: "CultureShock Chile!" (Feb. 15, 2011), p 95
- ↑ diarioelnortino.cl from April 20, 2014 ( Memento from May 16, 2014 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Publication of the Casa de Modeda for the production of license plates ( Memento of February 27, 2014 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Advertisement on MercadoLibre.cl ( Memento from December 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Advertisement on MercadoLibre.cl ( Memento from December 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Advertisement on MercadoLibre.cl ( Memento from December 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ picture on commons.org
- ↑ picture on commons.org
- ↑ Advertisement on MercadoLibre.cl ( Memento from December 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Advertisement on yapo.cl ( Memento from January 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Advertisement on MercadoLibre.cl ( Memento from December 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Advertisement on MercadoLibre.cl ( Memento from December 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ picture on commons.org
- ↑ picture on commons.org
- ↑ Advertisement on MercadoLibre.cl ( Memento from December 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Advertisement on MercadoLibre.cl ( Memento from December 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Message in El Rancahuaso Online from September 5, 2007 ( Memento from January 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c d e destacados.cl from May 9, 2014 ( Memento from May 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c d La Tercera from January 31, 2014 ( Memento from March 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ elpinguino.com from January 8, 2015 ( Memento from January 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Announcement of the Registro Civil of September 3, 2007 ( Memento of February 28, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b La Segunda online from September 26, 2012 ( Memento from February 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b El Mercurio online from March 5, 2019 ( Memento from March 28, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Website of the Casa de Moneda de Chile ( Memento from February 27, 2014 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Noticias destacados online from April 18, 2011 ( Memento from February 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Terra Chile online from April 13, 2011 ( Memento from February 27, 2014 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ La Segunda online from October 3, 2011 ( Memento from November 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ La Tercera of April 15, 2011 ( Memento of March 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Datos Sur online, accessed on November 10, 2013 ( Memento from November 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Chañarcillo online from August 5, 2013 ( Memento from November 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ 24horas.cl of August 3, 2013 ( Memento of November 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c d Terra.cl from January 24, 2014 ( Memento from June 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ biobiochile.cl from January 31, 2014 ( Memento from February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c chilevision.cl from May 1, 2014 ( Memento from May 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ lahora.cl from May 5, 2014 ( Memento from May 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Explanation of the legal framework for license plates on motor vehicles at www.bcn.cl ( PDF document in the web archive )
- ↑ autosonline.cl ( Memento from March 21, 2016 on WebCite )
- ↑ critica.com.pa from June 9, 2016 ( Memento from July 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b Photos on Google+
- ↑ 13.cl from May 5, 2014 ( Memento from May 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b blog entry on ppuchile.wordpress.com
- ↑ chilevision.cl from December 16, 2014 ( Memento from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Terra.cl from December 18, 2014 ( Memento from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ amproch.cl of March 16, 2015
- ↑ amproch.cl from June 12, 2015
- ↑ Article on mtonline.cl ( Memento from March 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Article on autolujo.cl ( Memento from March 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Article on mtonline.cl ( Memento from March 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Article on autoblog.com.ar ( Memento from March 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Advertisement on MercadoLibre.cl ( Memento from December 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Advertisement on MercadoLibre.cl ( Memento from December 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Posting in a newsgroup on the topic ( Memento from March 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Photo on the Facebook page of the 12th Fire Brigade Company of Santiago (Duodécima Compañía de Bomberos de Santiago) ( Memento from February 27, 2014 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ a b c d e article on ppuchile.wordpress.com
- ↑ Photo on Commons
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from February 27, 2014 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from February 27, 2014 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from February 27, 2014 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Entry on cl.fotolog.com ( Memento from February 27, 2014 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Noticias Decima Valparaiso of July 7, 2006 ( Memento of March 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Photo on bomberos.cl ( Memento from February 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Photo on bomberos.cl ( Memento from February 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Forum on elbombero.cl ( Memento from February 27, 2014 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from July 30, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from July 30, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from March 28, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Photo on commons ( Memento from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Photo on commons ( Memento from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Photo on commons ( Memento from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from July 29, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from July 29, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from July 29, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from July 29, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from July 29, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from July 30, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ License plate of the Luftwaffe on plateshack.com ( Memento from June 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from July 30, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from July 30, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from July 30, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from July 30, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from July 30, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from July 30, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo of this label on Commons
- ↑ Photo ( memento from March 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) on chilebuses.cl
- ↑ Photo of a car ( memento from March 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) of the AURA in front of a building of the Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope complex on ctio.noao.edu ( Memento from March 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Photo on Commons
- ↑ Photo on Commons
- ↑ Photo on Commons
- ↑ Photo ( memento from April 2, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) on flickr.com
- ↑ Photo ( memento from April 2, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) on flickr.com
- ↑ Photo of a car ( memento from March 28, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) on flickr.com
- ↑ Ordinance of the Chilean Ministry of Foreign Affairs of November 3, 1984 at www.subtrans.cl ( PDF document in the web archive )
- ↑ Blog entry on ppuchile.wordpress.com
- ↑ Blog entry on ppuchile.wordpress.com
- ↑ Blog entry on ppuchile.wordpress.com
- ↑ Blog entry on ppuchile.wordpress.com
- ↑ a b c blog entry on ppuchile.wordpress.com
- ↑ Picture on GoogleMaps
- ↑ Article on t13.cl from January 25, 2019 ( Memento from March 28, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Article on embajadaindia.cl ( Memento from March 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Blog entry on ppuchile.wordpress.com
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from March 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Blog entry on ppuchile.wordpress.com
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from March 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Photo on ppuchile.wordpress.com
- ↑ Photo on ppuchile.wordpress.com
- ↑ Photo on ppuchile.wordpress.com
- ↑ Photo ( memento from April 2, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) on flickr.com
- ↑ Website of the Dirección Nacional de Aduanas ( Memento from August 22, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Website of the Dirección Nacional de Aduanas ( Memento from August 22, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ radiomagallanes.cl from October 25, 2006 ( Memento from August 22, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ estrellaiquique.cl from February 15, 2005 ( Memento from August 22, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from July 30, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from July 30, 2016 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from March 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from March 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from March 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Photo on flickr.com ( Memento from March 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ t13.cl of August 28, 2015 ( Memento of March 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Instructivo para Validación de Patentes - Servicio de Registro Civil e Identificación ( Memento of February 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.8 MB)
- ↑ Photo on commons ( Memento from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Article on autoshopping.cl ( Memento from April 1, 2019 in the Internet Archive )