Church of John the Baptist (Engerhafe)

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The church of Engerhafe

The Church of John the Baptist is an Evangelical Lutheran parish church in the east of the village of Engerhafe , a district of the community of Südbrookmerland in East Frisia . Her original patronage was John the Baptist , whose name she kept after the Reformation . The church, built from 1250 to 1280, still forms a unit with the medieval stone house (parish) .

location

The church is on the east side of the B72 while most of the village is on the west side. This remote location is probably due to the fact that it was originally assigned to more Oldeborg , where the sovereigns from the Tom Brok family at that time owned a castle .

In the immediate vicinity of the church there was a satellite camp of the Neuengamme concentration camp from October 21, 1944 to December 22, 1944 , which was partly built on the grounds of the parish garden. 188 inmates died within the two months that it existed. A memorial today commemorates the victims.

Building history

For the first time the church in 1250 as one of the six Send churches of Brookmerlandes called. The church was probably founded by the chiefs Tom Brok .

The church was built in two stages on a church throws . In the first, the apse and the two east bays were built between 1230 and 1250 . From 1260 to 1270 the church was enlarged by the three west bays. The model of the Marienhafer Church , which was built around the same time, can be seen in these construction phases . The east bays can clearly be traced back to the lost simple east parts of the church in Marienhafe, while the west bays of Engerhafe go back to the model of the richer nave of the Marienhafer church. Originally the church was around 60 meters long, almost twice as long as the building that is visible today. In 1775 the vaults collapsed. This is possibly due to the Christmas flood of 1717 , which flooded large parts of East Frisia. As a result, the floors of the terps were softened and sunk.

Apparently the damage happened with advance notice, because the entire interior was salvaged beforehand. The rotten wooden ceiling was replaced by a new one in the same year.

In 1806 the apse and the western of the five bays collapsed. The church was then shortened by about three meters on the east side and 12 meters on the west.

In 1910 the easternmost yoke also collapsed. The church was then renovated and the east and south walls of what is now the easternmost yoke and the vault were rebuilt. For structural reasons, the church was then given a sacristy .

description

The outer

Originally the church was 61 meters long. The single-nave, towering system consists of the remains of two construction phases. The older eastern part is in Romanesque , the western in the style of Gothic held. In the eastern part there are two round windows on both sides. The neck iron used to be walled in at this point , but it is no longer there today. At the eastern end of the south side there are round arch niches containing narrow pointed arch windows.

The inner

The church interior was originally an apse with five square bays vaulted. These were torn down in the 16th or 17th century because of dilapidation and the church interior was closed off with a wooden ceiling. The vault was only preserved in the chancel. On the second floor of the outer walls of the southern half there is a so-called monk's passage . This was originally usually installed in the wall of the central nave, which has the purpose of allowing access to all parts of the church.

Bell tower

The associated bell tower is around 30 meters away from the church.

To the west of the ship there is a free-standing church tower 30 meters away, which is lower than the church building. The building has two to four meter thick walls in the parallel wall type and was built in the 13th century. Over the centuries, the building has leaned so far north that the lower arches had to be walled up. It is unknown when bells were first used in Engerhafe. Until the 19th century, the tower was equipped with two bells from the 16th and 17th centuries, but they no longer exist today. The church had to hand over some of its bells for armament purposes several times. The big bell in the tower was cast by JH Bartels in Hildesheim in 1872. As a replacement for a bell delivered during World War II, the community received a smaller sponsored bell from Kreuzberg in Silesia, cast in 1796 by Joh. Krieger in Breslau.

Furnishing

altar

The altar

The altar of the church was made in the workshop of the master carpenter (= carpenter and picture carver) Hinrich Cröpelin in Esens . On the predella (Italian: step, step), the base of the altar, the birth of Christ is shown , in the main field above the Lord's Supper . Crucifixion and resurrection follow . The altar is crowned by a representation of the triumphant Christ.

pulpit

pulpit

The pulpit is dated to 1636 and was built in the Mannerist style. It is still unclear who created it. The pulpit and sound cover are considered of such high artistic quality that a local master is excluded from making them. It is believed that they were created by a sculptor from the Netherlands, who in turn drew on Italian models.

Pictures of the four evangelists can be seen on the side walls of the pulpit . The sound cover is decorated with cartridges and winged angel heads. The sound cover is also crowned by a representation of the triumphant Christ.

Bronze baptism

The bronze baptism was procured by the parish in 1646. It replaced the baptism, which had been robbed in 1623 by the mercenaries of Count von Mansfeld , who devastated East Frisia during the Thirty Years' War . According to the inscription, it was created by the Lorraine bronze casters Claudius Voillo and Gottfried Baulard.

The lid was delivered in 1665 by master Hinrich Julfs from Wittmund. Its structure, divided into four floors, shows mermaids with fish tails and female breasts. The facial features of these figures are clearly masculine and have mustaches. In the middle of the lid sits a Madonna, surrounded by columns .

organ

Organ behind historical case by Müller (1776)

An organist is proven in Engerhafe as early as 1550. Several repairs were carried out on the organ between the 16th and 18th centuries .

Today's organ originally goes back to Hinrich Just Müller , who built a new organ between 1774 and 1776 with a main work (nine registers ) and a breastwork (four registers). The prospectus of this instrument has been preserved. The Rückpositiv is just a dummy that was inserted into the gallery parapet from representative elements , which is based on an idea by Arp Schnitger . The original prospect pipes have labia with keel arches (donkey backs) and probably come from the late Gothic period. In the course of moving the organ from the east wall to the west gallery, the Rohlfs brothers added an independent pedal and changed the layout . In 1908/09, the company P. Furtwängler & Hammer built a new plant with pneumatic pocket drawers and 19 registers behind the historic housing . From 1971 to 1973 the Hillebrand brothers created a new work behind the historical prospectus with its preserved pipes, which integrated two older registers and was again based on Müller's disposition . The breastworks remained vacant for cost reasons.

I main work C – d 3
1. Principal 8th' M.
2. Quintade B / D 16 ′ H
3. Gedackt B / D 8th' H
4th octave 4 ′ F.
5. Gemshorn 4 ′ R.
6th Fifth (nasat) 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ H
7th octave 2 ′ H
8th. Mixture V-VI H
9. Trumpet B / D 8th' H
Pedal C – d 1
attached
  • Remarks
M = register by Hinrich Just Müller (1775 or older)
R = register from Gebr. Rohlfs (1870)
F = register by Furtwängler & Hammer (1909)
H = Hillebrand register (1973)

Further equipment

In the church there is also a painting showing the entry of Jesus into Jerusalem and a small relief-like depiction of the Fall . Both are dated to the 17th century.

See also

literature

  • Manfred Meinz : The church to Engerhafe ( Ostfriesische Kunstführer , issue 1). Aurich 1962
  • Hans-Bernd Rödiger, Heinz Ramm: Frisian churches in Auricherland, Norderland, Brokmerland and in Krummhörn , Volume 2. Verlag CL Mettcker & Sons, Jever (2nd edition) 1983, p. 52 f.
  • Robert Noah: The Church of Engerhafe (Ostfriesische Kunstführer, issue 14). Aurich 1989
  • Hermann Haiduck: The architecture of the medieval churches in the East Frisian coastal area . 2nd Edition. Ostfriesische Landschaftliche Verlags- und Vertriebs-GmbH, Aurich 2009, ISBN 978-3-940601-05-6 , p. 73, 77, 85 ff., 90, 95, 101, 106 ff., 110 f., 113, 117 f., 127, 169, 171 .
  • Gottfried Kiesow : Architecture Guide East Friesland. Verlag Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz , Bonn 2010, ISBN 978-3-86795-021-3 .
  • Gottfried Kiesow: Building damage caused by wind loads and poor soil conditions, in: Learn to see cultural history, Volume 1, 11th edition, Verlag Monumente, publications of the German Foundation for Monument Protection, Bonn 2011, ISBN 978-3-936942-03-3 , pp. 59 ff.

Web links

Commons : St. John the Baptist (Engerhafe)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Kiesow: Architecture Guide Ostfriesland . 2010, p. 216.
  2. ↑ Kiesow: Architecture Guide Ostfriesland . 2010, p. 217.
  3. ↑ Gottfried Kiesow: Ostfriesische Kunst: From the Romanesque to the neo-Gothic . Schuster, Leer 2000, ISBN 3-7963-0343-7 (reprint of the 1969 edition), p. 32.
  4. ↑ Suedbrookmerland.de: Engerhafe Church , accessed on January 30, 2010.
  5. ↑ nordwestreisemagazin.de: Engerhafe Church , accessed on January 30, 2010
  6. ↑ Otto Lueger: Lexicon of all technology and its auxiliary sciences , Vol. 6 Stuttgart, Leipzig 1908., p. 453, here quoted from Zeno.org: Mönchsgang , viewed on January 30, 2010.
  7. ↑ Martin Wilken and Marten Schoneboom: The families of the parish Engerhafe. The church and its pastors . Retrieved July 6, 2016.
  8. ↑ Kiesow: Architecture Guide Ostfriesland . 2010, p. 219.
  9. ↑ a b Kiesow: Architectural Guide Ostfriesland . 2010, p. 220.
  10. ↑ a b Kiesow: Architectural Guide Ostfriesland . 2010, p. 221.
  11. ↑ Reinhard Ruge (NOMINE eV): Engerhafe, St. John the Baptist - organ by Hermann Hillebrand (1971-1973) in the historical case by Hinrich Just Müller (1774/75) , seen April 22, 2011.
  12. ↑ Kiesow: Architecture Guide Ostfriesland . 2010, p. 222.

Coordinates: 53 ° 29 ′ 16.3 "  N , 7 ° 18 ′ 57.9"  E