Klaus Rohde

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Klaus Rohde (2013)

Klaus Rohde (* 1932 in Brandenburg an der Havel ) is a German biologist at the University of New England (Australia) (UNE). He works in the fields of marine parasitology , evolutionary ecology and zoogeography as well as the ultrastructure and phylogeny of lower invertebrates .

Life

Klaus Rohde studied zoology , botany , physics and physical chemistry at the University of Potsdam from 1950 to 1952 , and after moving from the GDR to the Federal Republic of Germany from 1953 to 1956 at the University of Münster . There he was in 1956 with a thesis on the behavior and physiology of paramecium to Dr. rer. nat. PhD.

From 1957 to 1959 he developed tests for the screening of anthelmintics ( filariasis , hookworms , cysticercus ) for the ASTA works in Brackwede / Westphalia ( pharmaceutical industry ).

From 1960 to 1967 Rohde held a lectureship at the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur , where he researched the taxonomy , life cycles and fine structure of trematodes and monogenes and supervised Bachelor and Master candidates and doctoral candidates . During this time he also took part in expeditions to different parts of Malaysia and traveled to many countries in East, Southeast, South and East Asia and America.

In 1967 Rohde acquired a postdoctoral fellowship at the Ruhr University in Bochum and completed his habilitation there in 1970 with a thesis on the morphology , life cycles and ultrastructure of the Aspidogastrea species Multicotyle purvisi .

In 1970 Rohde accepted a two-year research fellowship at the University of Queensland in Australia to conduct research on the taxonomy, ecology, life cycles and ultrastructure of Lobatostoma manteri (Aspidogastrea) and various monogenes . As part of his work, he visited the Great Barrier Reef several times . In 1972 he was a lecturer in zoology at the University of Khartoum in Sudan .

From 1973 to 1976 Rohde headed the Heron Island Research Station in the Great Barrier Reef, where he conducted research on the taxonomy and ecology of Monogenea and Aspidogastrea. In 1975 the University of Queensland awarded him a second doctorate (DSc) for his parasitological and zoological research. In 1976 he received a teaching position at the University of New England (Australia) . Soon after, he was promoted to associate professor and then professor.

Even after his retirement in 2001, Rohde continued his scientific work and wrote specialist articles and books. Together with the theoretical physicist Dietrich Stauffer , he worked on the application of mathematical models to investigate latitudinal gradients in species richness and niche size.

Research priorities

Rohdes research focuses on the fine structure, ecology, zoogeography, parasitology and phylogeny of invertebrates , in particular the Aspidogastrea, Monogenea, Amphilinidea and general aspects of ecology (niche theory, competition) and zoogeography (latitude gradients). Together with Tim Littlewood at the Natural History Museum in London , Nikki Watson at the UNE and others, he investigated the phylogeny of flatworms (platyhelminths) and other invertebrates using electron microscopy and life cycle and DNA data.

His most important scientific contributions are in the following areas:

  • Marine parasitology (including human marine parasites).
  • Latitude gradients in species richness (hypothesis of effective evolutionary time).
  • Niche theory (free niches, fertilization theory of niche limitation).
  • Phylogeny of flatworms and other invertebrates using electron microscopy and DNA.
  • Ultrastructure of spermatogenesis , protonephridia , sensory receptors of flatworms.
  • Taxonomy in particular of the Trematodes and Monogenea (numerous new species, 11 new genera, 2 new subfamilies, a new family has now been established for a new genus).
  • Life cycles of the Aspidogastrea and Amphilinidea .

Rohde was the first to provide quantitative evidence for the enormous biodiversity of marine parasites in tropical (coral reef) waters and for different latitude gradients of endo- and ectoparasites . His hypothesis of the effective evolutionary time was an important stimulus for the development of the metabolic theory of ecology. His work on the phylogeny of flatworms provided evidence that the neodermata (main groups of parasitic flatworms ) split off from the vortex worms (turbellarians) at an early stage . His evidence of the large number and diversity of sensory receptors among flatworms and the great complexity of the nervous system in some parasitic flatworms made it clear that sacculinization (reduction in complexity) is not a general phenomenon in parasites. Rohde's work on marine parasite ecology showed that most parasites live in largely unsaturated niche spaces; H. most of the niches are empty. On the basis of these findings, he demonstrated that the equilibrium conditions of animal communities in nature are the exception rather than the rule.

Awards

Publications

Rohde has published around 400 scientific papers in specialist journals and book chapters as well as several books.

Textbooks and monographs

  • Rohde, Klaus: Ecology of Marine Parasites 2nd edition . CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK 1993, ISBN 0-851-98845-8 .
  • Rohde, Klaus: Nonequilibrium Ecology . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 2005, ISBN 0-521-67455-7 .
  • Rohde, Klaus (Ed.): Marine Parasitology . CSIRO Publ. And CAB International, Melbourne and Wallingford, Oxon, UK 2005, ISBN 1-845-93053-3 .
  • Rohde, Klaus (Ed.): The Balance of Nature and Human Impact . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 2013, ISBN 978-1-107-01961-4 .

The first edition of Ecology of Marine Parasites, University of Queensland Press 1982, was translated into Malay-Indonesian: Ekologi Parasit Laut, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur, 1991.

Articles in specialist journals and book chapters (selection)

  • 1966 Sense receptors of Multicotyle purvisi Dawes (Trematoda, Aspidobothria) . Nature, 211, 820-822.
  • 1972 The Aspidogastrea, especially Multicotyle purvisi Dawes, 1941 . Advances in Parasitology, 10, 77-151.
  • 1975 Fine structure of the Monogenea, especially Polystomoides . Advances in Parasitology, 13, 1-33.
  • 1976 Species diversity of parasites on the Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Parasitics, 50, 93-94.
  • 1977 A non-competitive mechanism responsible for restricting niches. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 199, 164-172.
  • 1978 Latitudinal differences in species diversity and their causes. I. A review of the hypotheses explaining the gradients . Biological Zentralblatt, 97, 393-403.
  • 1978 Latitudinal gradients in species diversity and their causes. II. Marine parasitological evidence for a time hypothesis . Biological Zentralblatt, 97, 405-418.
  • 1979 A critical evaluation of intrinsic and extrinsic factors responsible for niche restriction in parasites . American Naturalist, 114, 648-671.
  • 1984 Helminth Diseases of Marine Fishes . In Diseases of Marine Animals, vol. IV (Ed. O Kinne.). Biol. Anst. Helgoland, 193-320, 435-501.
  • 1991 Intra- and interspecific interactions in low density populations in resource-rich habitats . Oikos, 60, 91-104.
  • 1992 Latitudinal gradients in species diversity: the search for the primary cause . Oikos, 65, 514-527.
  • 1993 with M Heap and D Heap. Rapoport's rule does not apply to marine teleosts and cannot explain latitudinal gradients in species richness . American Naturalist, 142, 1-16.
  • 1994 The minor groups of parasitic Platyhelminthes . Advances in Parasitology, 33, 145-234.
  • 1994 Niche restriction in parasites: proximate and ultimate causes . Parasitology, 109, S69-S84.
  • 1997 The origins of parasitism in the Platyhelminthes: a summary interpreted on the basis of recent literature . International Journal for Parasitology, 27, 739-746.
  • 1998 with M Heap. Latitudinal differences in species and community richness and in community structure of metazoan endo- and ectoparasites of marine teleost fish . International Journal for Parasitology, 28, 461-474.
  • 1999 with DTJ Littlewood and KA Clough. The interrelationships of all major groups of Platyhelminthes - phylogenetic evidence from morphology and molecules . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 66, 75-114.
  • 1999 with DTJ Littlewood, RA Bray and EA Herniou. Phylogeny of the Platyhelminthes and the evolution of parasitism . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 68, 257-287.
  • 1999 with ID Whittington and LA Chisholm. The larvae of Monogenea (Platyhelminthes) . Advances in Parasitology, 44, 139-232.
  • 2001 The Aspidogastrea, an archaic group of Platyhelminthes . In: Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes, pp. 159-167. (Eds. DTJ Littlewood and RA Bray). Taylor & Francis, London and New York.
  • 2001 Protonephridia as phylogenetic characters . In: Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes, pp. 203-216. (Eds. DTJ Littlewood and RA Bray). Taylor & Francis., London and New York.
  • 2002 with NJ Gotelli. Co-occurrence of ectoparasites of marine fishes: null model analysis . Ecology Letters, 5, 86-94.
  • 2002 Ecology and biogeography of marine parasites . Advances in Marine Biology, 43, 1-86.
  • 2006 with D Stauffer. Simulation of geographical trends in Chowdhury ecosystem model . Advances in Complex Systems 8, 451-464.
  • 2008 with PP Rohde. How to measure host specificity . Vie et Milieu (Life and Environment) 58, 121-124.
  • 2010 Marine parasite diversity and environmental gradients . In: S Morand and B Krasnov (eds.). The Biogeography of Host-Parasite Interactions. Oxford University Press, pp. 73-88.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Publications on Taxonomy: Descriptions of New Genera and Subfamilies ( Memento of the original of April 12, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www-personal.une.edu.au
  2. ↑ a b Homepage at the University of New England (UNE) ( Memento of the original from May 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www-personal.une.edu.au
  3. ↑ Taxa named after Klaus Rohde ( Memento of the original from June 11, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www-personal.une.edu.au
  4. ^ Catalog information at Cambridge University Press
  5. ↑ Catalog information at CSIRO Publishing
  6. ^ Catalog information at Cambridge University Press

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Rohde, Klaus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German biologist
DATE OF BIRTH 1932
PLACE OF BIRTH Brandenburg an der Havel , Brandenburg, Germany