Sindringen small fort
Map with all coordinates: | Sindringen small fort | |
|---|---|
| Alternative name | Forchtenberg-Sindringen small fort |
| limes | ORL NN ( RLK ) |
| Route (RLK) |
Upper German Limes Vorderer Limes, route 9 |
| Dating (occupancy) | at the earliest around AD 159/160 or 1st half of the 3rd century AD to AD 259/260 at the latest. |
| Type | Small fort |
| size | maybe 0.063 ha |
| Construction | stone |
| State of preservation | not visible anymore |
| place | Forchtenberg- Sindringen |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 16 ′ 47 " N , 9 ° 28 ′ 42.9" E |
| height | 190 m above sea level NHN |
| Previous | Jagsthausen Fort (north) |
| Subsequently | Fort Westernbach (south) |
The small fort Sindringen (also: small fort Forchtenberg-Sindringen ) was a Roman fortification of the Upper Germanic "Front Limes" , which in 2005 achieved the status of UNESCO World Heritage Site . The small fort was built 640 meters behind the Roman border and is now located under the ground in the once independent town of Sindringen , now part of the town of Forchtenberg in Hohenlohekreis , Baden-Württemberg .
Location and research history
The Sindring area was settled in prehistoric times . This is evidenced by a body burial discovered around 1902 with additions from the Hallstatt period in the Gewann Oberes Greut. On the Schwarzenberg near Neuzweiflingen (Trautenhof), flattened burial mounds of the same time period could also be observed and partially excavated. Considerably older was 1,938 out plowing on Buchhof pierced Stone Age ax from hornblende - schist .
The Roman fortifications were built in the deep valley of the Kocher on a sliding slope on the northern side of the river. The slopes rise steeply on both sides. In the vicinity of the small fort, a short, narrow valley begins to pull up the heights in a north-easterly direction, crossing the Roman border with its buildings, which runs straight from north-north-west to south-south-east. According to the archaeologist and Limes expert Dieter Planck , the main task of the unit detached to Sindringen was to monitor the Kocher Valley and the border that ran through it.
As early as 1837, the Prussian lieutenant colonel Friedrich Wilhelm Schmidt (1786–1845) , who was researching Roman history, suspected a Roman fort in Sindringen after a visit to the Hohenlohe Limes. A first unsuccessful exploration of the presumed system took place in 1896 by the grammar school teacher Gustav Sixt (1856–1904) and the classical philologist and ancient historian Ernst von Herzog (1834–1911) on behalf of the Imperial Limes Commission . Finally, in front of the southeast corner of the Holy Cross Church, which was built around 1100, the construction of a water pipe, which took place in 1904, revealed the remains of the wall. The pastor at the time, August Heinrich Krauss, suspected that the remains of the long sought fort were behind this finding. But it was not until 1928 that the archaeologist Friedrich Hertlein (1865–1929) carried out a successful excavation. His documentation of the foundations of the rounded southeast corner of the small fort, which are up to 1.70 meters deep, forms the basis of all further research to this day. The castle Jagsthausen is 3.8 kilometers north.
In 2012, a model of the small fort was inaugurated in front of the Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche as part of the 975th anniversary celebration in the Forchtenberg district of Sindringen.
Due to the poor state of tradition, the Sindringen fort itself was not included in the world heritage.
Building history
During the excavations carried out on the east and south sides of the church in 1928, it became clear that the rectangular complex had a 1.48 meter wide defensive wall with rounded corners. A gate was found on the east side, the southern cheek of which was 0.8 meters wide and 1.95 meters long. The length of the north-eastern defensive wall, which was also the principal side of the fortification in Sindringen, could have been 25.6 meters. The small fort Sindringen, which is perhaps 625 square meters in size, probably belongs to the Rötelsee type . This fort has been researched much better and - research is not sure of this - is dated to the late 2nd century or to the year 233 AD. Finds did not come to light in 1928.
The troops at this location were supplied from the stove.
Post-Roman development
In the course of the Limesfall , which resulted in the abandonment of the Agri decumates (Dekumatland) in 259/260 AD , the remaining Roman border fortifications were evacuated by the troops if they had not been violently destroyed beforehand. In Sindringen following settled Alemanni locally. In 1948 and 1991 a Franconian grave was found at Gartenstrasse 10 and on the neighboring parcel in Sindringen , which is assigned to the Merovingian period .
Monument protection
The small fort in Sindringen and the aforementioned ground monuments have been part of the UNESCO World Heritage as a section of the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes since 2005 . In addition, the facilities are cultural monuments according to the Monument Protection Act of the State of Baden-Württemberg (DSchG) . Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, and accidental finds are reported to the monument authorities.
See also
Web links
literature
- Dietwulf Baatz : The Roman Limes. Archaeological excursions between the Rhine and the Danube . 4th edition, Mann, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-786-12347-0 , p. 245.
- Christian Fleer: Typification and function of the small buildings on the Limes. In: E. Schallmayer (Ed.): Limes Imperii Romani. Contributions to the specialist colloquium “World Heritage Limes” November 2001 in Lich-Arnsburg (= Saalburg-Schriften 6), Bad Homburg v. d. H. 2004, ISBN 3-931267-05-9 , pp. 75-92.
- Dieter Planck , Willi Beck: The Limes in Southwest Germany . 2nd edition, Theiss, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-8062-0496-9 .
- Ernst Fabricius , Felix Hettner , Oscar von Sarwey (ed.): The small fort Sindringen . In: The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roemerreich , Volume 4, routes 7 to 9, Petters, Berlin / Leipzig 1931, 1933, pp. 126–127.
Remarks
- ↑ a b c d Claus-Michael Hüssen: The Roman settlement in the area around Heilbronn (= research and reports on prehistory and early history in Baden-Württemberg 78), Theiss, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8062-1493-X , p. 54.
- ^ Siegfried Kurz : Burial Customs in the Western Hallstatt Culture (= Tübingen writings on prehistoric and early historical archeology 2) Waxmann, Münster, New York, Munich, Berlin 1997. ISBN 978-3-89325-386-9 , p. 190.
- ^ Find reports from Swabia , Volume 11. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1951. p. 45.
- ^ Dieter Planck, Willi Beck: The Limes in Southwest Germany . 2nd edition, Theiss, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-8062-0496-9 , p. 64.
- ↑ Ernst Fabricius , Felix Hettner , Oscar von Sarwey (ed.): The small fort Sindringen . In: The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roemerreich , Volume 4, routes 7 to 9, Petters, Berlin / Leipzig 1931, 1933, pp. 126–127.
- ↑ Inauguration of the Sindringen small fort model ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website www.limes-in-hohenlohe.de; Retrieved January 25, 2015.
- ↑ Jürgen Obmann u. a .: Limes development plan for Baden-Württemberg, protection, development and research of the world heritage. State Office for Monument Preservation in the Stuttgart Regional Council, Esslingen 2007, p. 16.
- ^ Andreas Thiel : On the function of the small fort on the Upper German Limes . In: Yearbook 2003/2004 of the Heimat- und Altertumsverein Heidenheim an der Brenz e. V. Heidenheim 2004, ISSN 0931-5608 , p. 72 f.
- ↑ Martin Eckold: Shipping on small rivers in Central Europe in Roman times and the Middle Ages . Stalling, Oldenburg 1980, ISBN 3-7979-1535-7 , p. 18 f.
- ↑ Gartenstrasse 10 at 49 ° 16 '51.6 " N , 9 ° 28' 43.02" O .
- ^ Find reports from Baden-Württemberg. 28, Part 2, Baden-Württemberg State Monument Authority, Theiss, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-8062-2008-7 , p. 286
