Kliment Tarnowski

Kliment Tarnowski

Kliment Tarnowski ( Bulgarian Климет Търновски ), born as Vasil Nikolov Drumew ( Bulgarian Васил Николов Друмев * 1838 , 1840 or 1841 in Shumen , then Ottoman Empire , † July 10 ^jul. / 23. July  1901 ^greg. In Sofia ) was a Bulgarian Metropolitan ( Archbishop ) of the Diocese of Tarnowo , writer , politician and two-time Prime Minister .

Life

Wasil Drumew

Revolutionary and priest

The son of a craftsman graduated from the Odessa seminary after attending school . During his studies he was influenced by the ideas of the revolutionary fighter Georgi Rakowski and in 1861 he joined the Bulgarian Legion, which he founded. As a fighter against the Ottoman occupation forces, he was also a close friend of Wassil Levski , Stefan Karadscha and other revolutionaries.

After the Bulgarian Legion disbanded in 1862, he fled to Russia , where he continued his education at the Kiev seminary . In 1869 he settled in Brăila . 1872 built Drumew commissioned by the Metropolitan of Tarnovo Ilarion Makariopolski the seminary in Ljaskowez on. In 1873 he was ordained a priest and the following year he was ordained bishop under the name of Kliment Branitski . He later became a representative of the Metropolitan of Tulcea . When Ilarion Makariopolski suddenly died in 1875, Kliment also took over the management of his diocese.

In the turbulent times that followed, the Stara-Sagora broke out in 1875, the April Uprising in 1876 , the Russo-Ottoman War broke out in 1877–1878 , and no sultan's decree ( Berât ) was issued for the reinstatement of a metropolitan. When Bulgaria became independent as a result of the war, northern Dobruja and Tulcea became part of Romania. Kliment was now only Bishop of Tarnowo with the name Kliment Tarnowski .

After the (limited) independence of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire on July 8, 1879, he became rector of the seminary of Peter and Paul von Lyaskowez. Kliment Tarnowski was one of the authors of the first constitution passed on April 16, 1879, the so-called Constitution of Tarnowo . In 1884 he was confirmed in office as Metropolitan of Tarnowo.

Prime Minister 1879 to 1880 and 1886

In addition to his work as bishop, Tarnowski also began his political career immediately after independence in 1879. Initially a member of the constituent assembly, he was also elected a member of the first national assembly in 1879.

Reluctantly, he took over on December 6, 1879 at the request of Prince Alexander I after the resignation of Todor Burmow, the office of Prime Minister until new elections were held on April 5, 1880. In this respect, his government was largely inactive because of the majorities in parliament.

After the coup on August 9th, ^July / August 21, 1886 ^greg. Tarnowski was appointed prime minister and regent by the putschists and was supposed to bridge the power vacuum created by Alexander I.'s forced abdication. However, he only led the transitional cabinet for three days before it was replaced by a counter-coup by Karavelov.

Opposition to Prince Ferdinand I.

As a loyal supporter of Prince Alexander, Kliment Tarnowski refused to hold celebrations and a mass to welcome the new Prince Ferdinand I after his final resignation from the throne on September 9, 1886 .

As a supporter of pro- Russian politics, he was a strong opponent of the foreign policy of Prime Minister Stefan Stambolow and Alexander's successor, Prince Ferdinand I, in the years 1887 to 1894, which led to strong repressive measures against him. Ultimately, Stambolov drove him from Sofia , which led to his extensive loss of power. Ultimately, he was arrested for criticizing the prince.

The new government under Prime Minister Konstantin Stoilow released the bishop from internment in the Balkan monastery of Gloschene in June 1894 and sought better relations with the regional church. Finally, he publicly concluded a sham peace with Prince Ferdinand I.

Due to the confidence of Russia, however, he was head of a parliamentary delegation in Saint Petersburg in the summer of 1895 to improve relations between Bulgaria and the Russian Empire. This successful mission led to the establishment of official relations in November 1896. Even if Prince Ferdinand was an opponent of these relationships, they helped him to strengthen his power as a prince.

After Stoilow and Dimitar Panayotov Grekow , Kliment Tarnowski was the third former Prime Minister to die in 1901.

writer

Tarnowski was also active as a writer under his real name Wasil Drumew and is considered the father of Bulgarian fiction and a co-founder of trivial literature. With A Wretched Family ( Нещастна фамилия ) he wrote the first short story of Bulgarian literature in 1860.

His other important works include:

• Student and benefactor, or What is someone else's is someone else ... ( Ученик и благодетели ... ), 1864.
• Ivanko, the murderer of Asens the First ( Иванку, убиецът на Асеня I ), drama , 1872.

On September 26, 1869 he was one of the founders of the Literary Society in Brăila , from which the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences emerged in 1911 .

literature

• Dimiter Statkov: Drumev . In: Biographical Lexicon on the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 1. Munich 1974, p. 438 f.
• Dimitur Ignatovski: Vasil Drumev - Metropolitan Kliment Turnovski, 1841–1901 Bio-Bibliografiia . 2000, ISBN 978-954-8789-74-5 .
• Kamen Mikhailov: Kliment Branitski I Turnovski (Vasil Drumev) Documenti I Materiali . 2005, ISBN 978-954-315-027-4 .
• Kliment Tarnowski . In: Theodor Westrin (Ed.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 6 : Degeberg-Egyptolog . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1907, Sp. 900 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).

Web links

• Bulgaria 1870-1896
• Biography , Slowoto (Bulgarian)
• Biography on znam.bg (Bulgarian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ History of the Diocese of Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgarian)
2. ^ Bulgaria (history) . In: Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon 1894–1896, Volume 3, p. 721.
3. ↑ Bulgaria . In: Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon 1894–1896, supplement volume 1897, p. 234.
4. ↑ Hans-Joachim Böttcher: Ferdinand von Sachsen-Coburg and Gotha 1861-1948 - A cosmopolitan on the Bulgarian throne . Osteuropazentrum Berlin-Verlag (Anthea Verlagsgruppe), Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-89998-296-1 , p. 59, 128, 134, 136 .
5. ^ History of the Academy of Sciences ( Memento of the original from December 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 

predecessor	Office	successor
Marin Drinow	Chairman of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1875 - 1898	Ivan Geschow
Ilarion Makariopolski	Metropolitan of Tarnovo 1875 - 1901	Anthim