Freystadt Monastery
The Freystadt Monastery is a Franciscan branch in Freystadt in the Upper Palatinate and in the Eichstätt diocese .
history
1452 was on the Möningerberg at the request of St. Capistran founded a Franciscan hospitium (later a monastery) by Count Palatine Otto II . In 1546 the Reformation was introduced in Freystadt ; the monastery was dissolved from 1556 on.
On November 21, 1681, a Franciscan hospice (the so-called penitentiary or “confessor house”) was built by Countess Maria Theresia von Tilly outside of Freystadt at the pilgrimage church “Maria Hilf” , which was subordinate to the Franciscans of Dietfurt an der Altmühl ; the Counts of Tilly had ruled Freystadt, Holnstein and Hohenfels from 1627 . Three Franciscans from Dietfurt took over the pastoral care of the pilgrims in 1681 , which they wg. Disputes with the local clergy were again forbidden in 1687 by the Eichstätter Bishop Johann Euchar Schenk von Castell . From 1705, however, two priests were again allowed to live in the sacristan's house . In 1710 the Eichstätt prince-bishop Johann Anton I. Knebel von Katzenelnbogen approved the establishment of a hospice for six priests and one lay brother. Ferdinand Lorenz Graf Tilly built this until 1715. In the meantime, in 1711, the Freystädter branch was separated from the Dietfurt monastery. On October 28, 1714, the 55-room monastery complex was inaugurated. In 1715 the now independent convent was increased by four fathers and two lay brothers, and in 1718 by two more fathers.
The pilgrimage church was built as a branch church of the city parish and was outside the convent area, but it was connected to the convent with a connecting passage built in 1716 so that the monks could perform their choir prayers. This led to centuries of disputes between the local parish and the monastery. In the 20th century, the city pastor forbade the Franciscans to hold mass in the pilgrimage church on Sunday at 10 a.m., they had to move to the small monastery church and most of the visitors to the mass had to wait outside. This changed fundamentally in 1968, when the Franciscans took over the city parish and thus also look after the pilgrimage church. In 1757/58 a Franciscan preparatory college was housed here when it burned down in the Kemnath monastery .
The monastery, the building of which was structurally modified several times, lasted until the secularization in Bavaria in 1802. On February 10, 1802 the Sulzbürger district judge Baron von Verger appeared and informed the monastery superiors of the elector's decision to abolish the monastery. All "foreign" fathers had to leave the monastery immediately (including Father Privatus Hartmann, who came from Freising and was therefore considered a "foreigner"). The city parish Anton Cigoni supported the repeal commission to the best of their ability. Shortly afterwards the monastery was named a “central monastery” by the government, popularly known as “crepe monastery”, and 22 fathers and 8 lay brothers were accommodated here. On August 29, 1803 the monastery was finally dissolved; the last monk left the monastery on September 15, 1803.
After that, the private owners of the monastery complex changed several times. The clerk Franz Xaver Kern from Pyrbaum bought the monastery building including the brewery . Kern turned the monastery into an inn with a dance business, but came to the Gant in 1818 . After that, the mastermind Alois Kern and the master brewer Michael Betz leased and bought the property, but gave it to the city free of charge, but with the condition that it had to be kept as a place of residence for the Franciscans to look after the pilgrimage church.
The monastery was rebuilt in the 19th century
In 1833 the city of Freystadt turned to the Provincialate of the Franciscans in Munich with a request to restore the monastery; The background was the economic decline of the place after the end of the pilgrimage. The re-establishment of the monastery was carried out at the instigation of the Freystädter citizens; In 1835, the Bavarian King Ludwig I allowed the Franciscans to return. On March 3, 1836, a Franciscan priest and a lay brother again moved into the monastery buildings. The two tried to restore the monastery complex, u. a. the house chapel got an altar from the Capuchin Church in Neumarkt , on October 26th, 1836 the monastery church was given a new tower and a new bell, which was reconciled on November 22nd, 1836 by the parish priest Leonhard Zintl . The passage to the pilgrimage church was also restored. On June 20, 1861, the government of the Upper Palatinate approved the construction of a cemetery, as the Franciscan crypt had been destroyed during the expulsion. On December 20, 1858, the monastery again received brewing justice, which was set up in the wash house; Brewing was only allowed for personal use. Of course, a lot more beer was brewed (around 500 buckets ), which led to conflicts with the other breweries. On October 28, 1885, the Franciscan Province bought the former brewery with all its attachments (stables, wooden shed, courtyard) so that the original monastery area was complete again. The monastery building was one story and covered with a tiled roof. In the vaulted basement there were nine rooms and the crypt. The small monastery church, a large room and various ancillary rooms are on the ground floor. A vaulted staircase led to the first floor to the 26 monk cells, the tailoring, kitchen and basement. In the cloister's courtyard was a dining room, a carpenter's shop, a garden parlor and a well.
During the First World War the monastery served as a military hospital , which was almost always full. In 1924 a preparatory seminar for boys from Freystadt was opened here for the transition to a grammar school. The catchment area of the school extended to the whole of Bavaria, for this purpose a dormitory, a study hall and a classroom were set up in the refectory . The associated hope was to recruit later monks from the student body, which was also successful. In 1936/37 the seminar was closed by the National Socialists . Solanus sisters from Landshut took over the kitchen work. In the meantime a hospital had been set up again. The convent was then confiscated by the National Socialist People's Welfare Association in Neumarkt to accommodate 30 boys and 13 girls from Hamburg and two teachers. The monastery had to take over the kitchen. On April 14, 1945 the children left the monastery in the direction of Sulzbürg . On June 27, 1945, an application for the re-establishment of the preparatory seminar was approved by the military government and twelve boys came in the same year; Three priests, a porter, two gardeners and a tailor worked in the monastery.
In the 1950s and 1960s the Franciscans ran a school with a boarding school . After the seminar was closed in 1970, the school buildings were rented to the city for a primary school. The city of Freystadt fundamentally renovated the monastery in 2005–2008. Since 1999 it has been inhabited by Polish Franciscans from Katowice; a priest is at the same time pastor of Freystadt and pastor of Thannhausen . The Franciscans belong to the German region of the Upper Silesian Franciscan Province ( Assumptionis BVM Provincia "Province of the Admission of the Blessed Virgin Mary", seat in Katowice ). For their branches in Bensheim , Berchtesgaden and Freystadt, they chose the legal form of a non-profit association, "Franciscans of the Admission of Mary into Heaven eV", echoing the name of the order province.
In 2009 the school and seminar buildings of the monastery were demolished and the monastery garden was redesigned. The large refectory has been converted into a ballroom for cultural events. The monastery chapel has been thoroughly renovated; a fresco on the right-hand side shows the foundation of the Portiunculaablass , opposite is a fresco with the donkey miracle of St. Anthony , the frescoes on the gallery show the Annunciation, the visit to Elisabeth and the birth of Jesus. The restored old choir stalls used to be in the pilgrimage church. On the private side, the "Franziskus House" is operated as a monastery tavern and a farm shop .
literature
- The Franciscan monastery etc. next to Freystadt. In: Sulzbach Calendar for Catholic Christians 1849, pp. 95-104.
- Franz Sales Romstöck: The founders and monasteries of the Diocese of Eichstätt up to 1806. In: Collection sheet of the Historical Association Eichstätt 30 (1915), Eichstätt 1916, p. 43f.
- Friedrich Hermann Hofmann a. Felix Mader (arrangement): The art monuments of Upper Palatinate & Regensburg. Booklet XVII City and District Office Neumarkt. Munich: R. Oldenbourg 1909, pp. 88-105.
- Johann Baptist Götz: Freystädter pilgrimage booklet . Freystadt 1909
- Franz Xaver Buchner: Documents from the Freystadt hospital. In: Annual report of the Historical Association for Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate and Surroundings 8 (1918/20), pp. 21–23.
- Bavaria Franciscana antiqua. III. Vol. Munich 1957, pp. 456-476.
- Andreas Bauch: The pilgrimage church Mariahilf Freystadt. Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner, 2nd edition 1963, p. 3.
- Wolfgang Lorenz Zellner: The history of the Franciscan monastery at Maria Hilf zu Freystadt. In Tobias Appl; Manfred Knedlik (ed.): Upper Palatinate monastery landscape. The monasteries, monasteries and colleges of the Upper Palatinate. Pp. 238-248. Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-7917-2759-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Orden.de ; Homepage of the Franciscan Order, Rome, No. 076 ( Memento of the original of July 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
Coordinates: 49 ° 12 ′ 15 ″ N , 11 ° 19 ′ 35 ″ E