Maria Munster Monastery

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Marienmünster
location Germany
Rhineland-Palatinate
Coordinates: 49 ° 37 '20.4 "  N , 8 ° 21' 27.8"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 37 '20.4 "  N , 8 ° 21' 27.8"  E
Patronage Maria
founding year 9th century
Year of dissolution /
annulment 		1802

The monastery Mariamünster was a Cistercian - Abbey at Worms in Rhineland-Palatinate . The monastery name has been handed down in different spellings, the name Nonnenmünster was sometimes used.

history

Maria Münster, late 17th century
Simultankirche Worms-Pfeddersheim, high altar from the monastery Maria Münster
Heßheim, Anna selbdritt from the Maria Münster monastery, around 1470

The monastery is said to have been founded as a women's monastery belonging to the Worms diocese as early as the 9th century . Local tradition reports that it was founded by Emperor Ludwig the Pious in 838 after he had witnessed an earthquake in Worms with great destruction and many victims. The fact that the natural event mentioned is historically documented and that Maria Münster also owned the church in Berghaselbach in the Palatinate , which the same emperor is said to have founded, speaks for tradition . The Holy Cross Chapel now stands in its place .

There is evidence of a late Roman cemetery on the Worms monastery grounds, which also suggests that it was used as a religious place of worship at an early stage. This cemetery was still used in Christian times and was not closed until 1811. In this cemetery there was a prehistoric burial mound, which in popular belief was interpreted as Siegfried's grave , the grave of Siegfried the Dragon Slayer.

The oldest surviving documentary mention of Maria Münster comes from 1016 as abbatia S. Mariae , after Mechthildis, the sister of Bishop Burchard , had renewed the dilapidated monastery. The order of the early monastery is unclear.

At the endeavor of Bishop Landolf von Hoheneck , the reform took place in 1236 according to the rules of the Cistercians . The abbess of the monastery at the time was a niece of the bishop. The monastery was incorporated into Eberbach monastery in the Rheingau in 1244 . Bishop Landolf was buried in the church of Maria Münster in 1247.

In 1566, the city council of Worms wanted to forcefully introduce the new doctrine of the Reformation in the monastery, against which the nuns successfully defended themselves and complained to Emperor Maximilian II , who took them under his special protection.

In 1756 his family member, the Mainz cathedral dean and Worms canon Johann Franz Jakob Anton von Hoheneck (1686–1758), had a rococo epitaph set there, which came into the Worms cathedral when the convent was dissolved (1802) and is located there today north transept is located.

When the French attacked the Rhine region in the First Coalition War , General Adam-Philippe de Custine gave the Worms prince-bishop a contribution of 400,000 livres in 1791 . Since the sum could not be raised immediately, he took 14 people hostage, including two nuns and the provost of Maria Munster. After the Treaty of Lunéville , France began to abolish the monastery in the new parts of the country on the left bank of the Rhine . The Maria Münster monastery was dissolved in 1802.

In the following years, the buildings served as a hospital, powder magazine and finally, from 1853, the Heylschen Lederwerke , which set up the Maria Münster plant in them. At that time there was still a building from the old monastery.

Today nothing is left of the monastery buildings. Maria-Münster-Straße in Worms is a reminder of the former convent . In Worms Martin Church are the baroque pulpit and side altars of the former monastery church, the high altar was in the Catholic part of the 1992 interdenominational church Pfeddersheim transmitted. In the Catholic parish church of Heßheim there is a figure of the third Anna from the monastery of Maria Münster, which is dated to around 1470. In the parish church of Hallgarten (Rheingau) , which formerly belonged to the Eberbach monastery , a chasuble with Gothic embroidery is kept, which originally comes from Maria Münster. The baptismal font and a qualitative Renaissance altar from the monastery church (1631) ended up in the Catholic Church in Großkarlbach , as did a pulpit from the 16th century.

According to a local legend, the grave of Siegfried the Dragon Slayer should be in the cemetery near Maria Münster , according to which Emperor Friedrich III. 1488 had research there.

Foreign property

The Worms convent owned property in Littersheim , northeast of today's Bobenheim-Roxheim . The place itself became a desert , the monastery property was preserved, which still bears the name Nonnenhof (or Littersheimer Hof ). In 1141 the Bishop of Worms Burchard II. Maria Münster confirmed his property rights there from 1067, consisting of four courtyards with ten associated non-free courtyards. Apparently the Littersheim property already belonged to the monastery foundation in the 9th century, because the ownership rights described in 1067 refer to donations by the presumed monastery founder, Emperor Ludwig the Pious . The conditions documented in the description of the property of 1067 that the monastic residents of Littersheim had to carry out labor to preserve the walls of Ladenburg and the Fliehburg Deidesheim point in this direction, because both beneficiaries were former imperial estates.

In 1256, Countess Elisabetha von Leiningen donated a memorial for herself and her husband Emich IV (brother of the bishops Heinrich von Leiningen and Berthold von Leiningen from Speyer and Bamberg ) in Maria Münster , for which she bequeathed her stamping mill in Kindenheim to the monastery .

Maria Münster also owned a large estate in Laumersheim , called the Nonnengut , which was auctioned in 1825. This ownership came from the goods of the monastery in nearby Berghaselbach , a submerged place on today's Palmberg near Laumersheim , whose parish and pilgrimage church was considered the mother church of all surrounding villages and was subordinate to the Maria Münster monastery very early on (first documented in 1141). Here, too, the convent had significant property that later belonged to the Laumersheim estate. According to the Worms synod of 1496, the Berghaselbach church and settlement still existed at that time . In place of the earlier church there has been a new chapel on the Palmberg since 1723, which is still a destination for pilgrimages. From the old Berghaselbach possessions, the Worms monastery also received maintenance for the new parish church of St. Bartholomäus (Laumersheim) in the 18th century .

Maria Münster exercised the church patronage right in the Berghaselbach mentioned several times, later in Laumersheim as the successor church, also in Dorn-Dürkheim , Ilbesheim , Mühlheim an der Eis , Sausenheim and Obersülzen (1141).

Gravestones in the Worms City Museum

Grave slab of the Worms citizen Johannes vom painted house († 1303), from the monastery church Maria Münster

Several grave slabs came from the monastery church to the Worms City Museum via the Heyl zu Herrnsheim family , who bought the monastery grounds . This is now housed in the secular Andreasstift . The grave slabs are partly in the cloister there and partly in the former church. One of them is that of the Worms citizen Johannes vom painted house , who died in 1303 , with his full figure in contemporary clothing.

The gravestones also include seven of the abbesses of the Maria Münster monastery, most of which are depicted in relief on the monuments. These are:

  • Anna von Friesenheim († October 9, 1346)
  • Lieba zum Guldenring († December 7, 1454)
  • Margareta Halpquart from Worms († April 24, 1543)
  • Margareta Kissel from Worms († March 26, 1590)
  • Maria Salome Lasser († October 12, 1672)
  • Maria Ursula Bender from Speyer († November 26, 1698)
  • Anna Barbara Kolb von Boppard († April 25, 1703)

  • Grave slab Anna von Friesenheim, with abbess staff († 1346)

  • Gravestone Lieba zum Guldenring († 1454)

  • Gravestone Margareta Halpquart († 1543)

  • Gravestone Margareta Kissel († 1590)

  • Grave slab remains of Maria Salome Lasser († 1672)

  • Grave slab remains of Maria Ursula Bender († 1698)

  • Grave slab Anna Barbara Kolb von Boppard († 1703)

literature

  • Johann Georg Lehmann: Documentary history of the monasteries in and near Worms , in: Archive for Hessian History and Antiquity , Volume 2, pp. 298-316, Darmstadt, 1841; (Digital scan)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Philipp A. Pauli: History of the City of Worms , Worms 1825, page 120; (Digital scan)
  2. ↑ Eugen Kranzbühler: Worms and the heroic saga . Worms 1930, p. 89.
  3. ^ Margit Rinker-Olbrisch: Data on the history of the city of Worms
  4. ^ Wilhelm Arnold : Wormser Chronik von Friedrich Zorn , Stuttgart, 1857, digital scan
  5. ^ Johann Georg Lehmann: Documentary history of the monasteries in and near Worms , in: Archive for Hessian History and Antiquity , Volume 2, Page 313, Darmstadt, 1841; (Digital scan)
  6. ^ Ernst Wörner: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse: inventory and descriptive representation of the works of architecture, sculpture, painting and the arts and crafts up to the end of the 18th century. Century: Province of Rheinhessen, Worms District , Darmstadt 1887, p. 201; (Digital view)
  7. ↑ Varrentrapp and Wenner: Statistical-political letters about Germany from a French emigrant to his brother in Paris , Volume 3, page 81, Frankfurt am Main, 1793; (Digital scan)
  8. ^ Ferdinand Werner : The Worms industrial family von Heyl: public and private work between the bourgeoisie and the nobility , 2010, pages 343 and 344, ISBN 3884623044 ; (Excerpts from the source)
  9. ↑ Website on the monastery inventory in Martinskirche with a photo of the pulpit
  10. ^ Website on the high altar in Pfeddersheim
  11. ^ Ludwig Stamer : Church history of the Palatinate , Volume 2, page 347, Pilger Verlag, Speyer, 1949; (Excerpt from the source)
  12. ^ Rüdiger Fuchs: Die insschriften der Stadt Worms , 1991, page 504, ISBN 3882264985 ; (Digital view with photo)
  13. ↑ Website with a photo of the altar
  14. ↑ Website for the pulpit in Großkarlbach
  15. ^ Website on the alleged Siegfried grave near Maria Münster
  16. ↑ Jörg Fesser: Early Middle Ages Settlements of the Northern Front Palatinate with Special Consideration of the Merovingian Age Findings and the Carolingian Age Written Sources , Diss. Phil., Mannheim 2006, pp. 624–627; PDF output of the source
  17. ↑ Lutz Fenske: The German Royal Palaces , Volume 3, p. 338 u. 340, and 350, Verlag Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1997, ISBN 3525365101 ; (Digital scan 1) (Digital scan 2)
  18. ^ Michael Matheus : City and Defense in the Middle Rhine Region , Verlag Franz Steiner, 2003, p. 32, ISBN 351508228X ; (Digital scan)
  19. ^ Alexander Antonow: Planning and building castles in southern Germany , 1983, p. 29, ISBN 3924086044 ; (Detail scan)
  20. ^ Johann Georg Lehmann : Documentary history of the monasteries in and near Worms , in: Archive for Hessian History and Antiquity , Volume 2, Page 307, Darmstadt, 1841; (Digital scan)
  21. ^ Intelligence Gazette of the Rhine District , No. 262, Speyer, November 2, 1825; (Digital scan with description of the goods)
  22. ^ Georg Friedrich Kolb: Statistical-topographical description of Rheinbayern , Volume 2, p. 200
  23. ↑ Michael Frey: Description of the Rhine District , Volume 2, 1836
  24. ^ Website of the Diocese of Speyer, on the pilgrimage on the Palmberg ( Memento from January 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  25. ^ Anke Elisabeth Sommer: Das Laumersheimer Pfarrbuch , Laumersheim, 2013
  26. ↑ Website for the grave plate