Reinshof Monastery Estate
The Reinshof monastery property is a monastery property of the Hanover monastery chamber and belongs to the village of Niedernjesa in the municipality of Friedland in southern Lower Saxony . The city limits of Göttingen cut through the courtyard of the monastery property; therefore two of the buildings of the monastery are located in the city of Göttingen. The Reinshof monastery estate is in the Leinetal on the B 27 between Göttingen and Niedernjesa.
The Reinshof monastery was built as an outbuilding for the Augustinian convent in Weende and was managed as an independent monastery from 1890 to 1980. In 1980 the monastery chamber of Hanover leased the Reinshof monastery to the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , which has since used it as a test farm for agricultural economics and agricultural technology.
A few 100 meters west of the estate is the Rosdorf Baggersee , which was created in 1969 as a result of gravel mining a few meters east of the Leine , which is also located in Friedland's municipality and has been used primarily by the Göttingen and Rosdorf population as a recreational area and bathing lake since the 1970s . Bathing in the lake is officially prohibited. The mining rights for the area were leased in 1967 to the company August Oppermann GmbH, the fishing rights in the lake to the Sport-Angelklub Göttingen e. V.
climate
The long-term average annual rainfall is 645 mm; 203 mm fall from May to July and 310 mm from May to September. Relatively little rainfall is evenly distributed over an average of 121 days. The mean annual temperature is a long-term average of 8.7 ° C, namely 15.3 ° C from May to July and 15.2 ° C from May to September. The period between the first and last frost lasts 170 days. The mean relative humidity is 77.3%.
location
The Reinshof monastery property is located north of Niedernjesa at an altitude of 150 m above sea level. One of the special features of the courtyard is the pigeon tower, a square, three-storey half-timbered building with a flat tent roof. The operating area of the Reinshof is located in the water protection area (water protection zone III). The majority belongs to the "Leinebergland" nature reserve. About 30% of the agricultural land is in the floodplain of the Leine and Garte .
history
The monastery served as Vorwerk an agricultural estate of the Augustinian monastery in Weende. It was run as an independent monastery from 1890 to 1980.
To the north of the village of Niedernjesa , in the flood-prone area of influence of the Leine and the Garte, a village settlement called Reynholdeshusen or Reindeshausen was built on a gentle hill between fertile and productive fields. According to place-name research, Reynholdeshusen or Reindeshausen was founded between 500 and 800 AD during the expansion period (old Saxon state expansion in the early medieval clearing period ) because of the ending in the place name -hausen or -husen (= group settlement). Over time, Weende Monastery bought more and more property in Reinshof. The Archbishops of Mainz donated eight hooves of land and a tithe in 1189 and four hooves of land and the mill in 1196. In the middle of the 14th century, Reynholdeshusen was called a courtyard. Perhaps the village was the deserted village or the land became the property of Vorwerk Reinshof of monastic property Weende over.
In 1448 the Reinshof monastery was an indirect administrative village of the Friedland office . Indirect official villages were aristocratic and monastic official villages. The sources show that the Reinshof pledged to the city council of Göttingen in 1553 for 3,500 guilders , but was redeemed again in 1561 by Duke Erich II of Calenberg-Göttingen . 1852 Reinshof came from the office Friedland for Office Göttingen . At the end of the 16th century, his possessions included 586 acres of arable land and 120 acres of meadow .
The floor plan of the Weender Aushof Reinholdeshausen monastery, measured in 1755, shows the location and structure of the Reinshof farm at that time. At that time, the buildings included two houses, stables for horses, cows and pigs, deputatist apartments , fruit barns and a pigeon house . Even today, one of the special features of the courtyard is a pigeon tower built in the 19th century. It is a three-storey half-timbered building with a flat tent roof that was built on a square base. The Reinshof monastery is a listed building.
After the Prussian annexation of Hanover in 1866, the Göttingen office belonged to the newly founded district of Göttingen . On April 1, 1885, the Göttingen office was dissolved; it went up in the district of Göttingen . The district of Göttingen was formed from the offices of Göttingen and Reinhausen . The Reinshof remained an independent manor district in the Göttingen district.
In 1890 the connection with Weende was broken and Reinshof was raised to an independent estate. After that the Vorwerk formed its own manor district with its own municipal administration. By law of December 27, 1927, the Reinshof estate, which had been independent until then, was repealed and merged with the Niedernjesa community . In 1980 the monastery chamber of Hanover leased the Reinshof monastery to the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , which has since used it as a test farm for agricultural economics and agricultural technology.
From approx. 1890 to 1975 the monastery estate owned an agricultural railway with a fixed track from the estate to the train station in Rosdorf . There were also various branch tracks on the dirt roads. During the sugar beet season, additional tracks were laid if necessary. Horses and oxen were used as opening credits and tractors from 1974 to 1975. On a paved dirt road that leads from the south into the estate, there are still ruts for the double flange wheels that are built into the cobblestones.
In the topography of remembrance in southern Lower Saxony it says about the forced labor in Friedland in the Third Reich : Even before 1939 numerous “foreign workers” were working as seasonal workers in agriculture. Most of the forced laborers in the Friedland region during the Nazi era were also housed on farms. Mostly they were Polish and Soviet people. The Reinshof monastery in Niedernjesa was the largest 'employer' . More than 70 Polish and Soviet civilian workers were employed here over the years and housed in three camps: a Polish and an "Eastern worker" accommodation on the premises, several "Eastern workers" also in the Gasthof Gartenschänke in Geismar (Göttingen). Abuses are known of the monastery property, even a group of thugs from Göttingen or Geismar is said to have requested the overseer once.
Experimental Economics for Agricultural Economics and Technology at the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
The Reinshof monastery has been used since 1980 as a test farm for agricultural economics and agricultural technology at the Georg-August University of Göttingen. Working meetings, colloquiums, workshops, etc. are held here in the seminar building. Courses for students and preparatory sessions for field tours also take place here. The test station of the Institute for Plant Cultivation and Plant Breeding with a laboratory, greenhouse, workshop, machine hall and workrooms is located on a 1 hectare area of the Reinshof monastery.
The experimental goods of the University of Göttingen are available to the agricultural science faculty as an experimental, teaching and demonstration basis. The focus of research is on the individual test positions. In addition, data collection at branch level is used for research and teaching. In addition, the test goods are integrated into the curriculum of the agricultural sciences department through courses, student exercises and seminars.
The Reinshof monastery estate covers an area of 252.7 hectares, of which 240 hectares are arable land and 3.2 hectares are grassland. In 2010, a total of 31 ha of arable land was organically farmed.
The field testing system was structured as follows in 2010:
- Breeding gardens (alternating areas; 3 to 6 years old) and long-term test areas approx. 25 ha
- same test facility in Marienstein with approx. 31 ha
- Studies on organic farming approx. 25 ha
- Trials in fields of approx. 12 ha
The experimental estates Klostergut Reinshof, Klostergut Marienstein and Klostergut Deppoldshausen have a total of 670 hectares of usable agricultural area with very different soil types. About 1/3 of the area is suitable for field tests. Parcel trials are mainly carried out on the homogeneous areas of the Reinshof. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the focus of the experimental work has been on the development of environmentally friendly cultivation systems. Practice-oriented usage systems (extensification / integrated cultivation systems) are developed through long-term research projects. Since 1993 these studies have been supplemented by research projects on organic farming.
See also
literature
- Th. Saile: A late Neolithic settlement near Reinshof in Leinegraben (Gde. Friedland, Ldkr. Göttingen). In: News from Lower Saxony's Prehistory Vol. 66 (01) / 1997 page 157ff. Theiss 1997.
- Norbert Clement: Agricultural system experiment Reinshof. Baseline and first results. Dissertation from the University of Göttingen in 1991.
- What we are looking forward to. For a dime . In: Der Spiegel . No. 34 , 1949 ( online ).
Web links
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Niedernjesa on the Friedland community website, accessed on April 23, 2019
- ↑ goettinger city info "Baggersee"
- ↑ August Oppermann, Rosdorf gravel works (2014)
- ↑ Source for the previous text: "Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany": "Architectural monuments in Lower Saxony" Volume 5.3: "Landkreis Göttingen Altkreis Duderstadt", edited by Peter Ferdinand Lufen. Verlag CW Niemeyer, Hameln 1997, pages 237-238.
- ↑ Source: Agricultural Railway of the Reinshof Estate . and From the agricultural field train to the small train ( memento of the original from January 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) with illustrations.
- ↑ Topography of Remembrance in Southern Lower Saxony: Friedland
Coordinates: 51 ° 29 ′ 51.4 " N , 9 ° 55 ′ 51" E