Kohlmarkt (Braunschweig)
| Kohlmarkt uppe deme kolemarkede (1342) forum carborum |
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|---|---|
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 The Kohlmarkt. Well visible in the center: the outlines of St. Ulrici Church . |
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| Basic data | |
| place | Braunschweig |
| District | Downtown |
| Confluent streets |
Poststrasse , Schützenstrasse , Schuhstrasse , Hutfilter , Friedrich-Wilhelm-Strasse , Ziegenmarkt |
| Buildings |
Haus Leuenturm Haus zur Sonne Haus zum Stern Haus zur Rose |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic |
| Space design | Kohlmarkt fountain |
The Kohlmarkt is a central marketplace in Braunschweig . He is one of the oldest residential areas within the city and is situated in the precincts of the old town .
Name origin
The name “uppe deme kolemarkede” has been used since 1342, in Latin the square was called “forum carborum” and in German originally “coal market”. The current name "Kohlmarkt" is based on the " coal " that was stored and sold there and not the vegetable " cabbage ".
Settlement history
By the year 1000 at the latest, the "Kohlmarktsiedlung", which was located in the floodplain of the Oker , was built at this location . The market square formed the intersection of two long-distance trade routes that jointly used a ford through the Oker at this point . For the dealers it was an ideal resting and stacking place. The meeting of the trade routes can be recognized by the fact that the square is trapezoidal.
The Kohlmarkt as an urban ensemble
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St. Ulrici
The Braunschweig rhyme chronicle states that the St. Ulrici or Ulrichs Church (not to be confused with the church of the same name only a few hundred meters away, which is generally called the " Brothers Church ") was consecrated around 1036 . The first documentary mention is for the year 1288. It was the parish church for the soft picture Sack and for parts of the old town. Various repairs between 1494 and 1514 caused numerous structural damage and led to a partial collapse of the nave, which finally led the council in 1544 to have the entire church demolished. The space gained was added to the narrow Kohlmarkt. The parish moved to the nearby Brethren Church; The baptismal font from 1440 has also been there since then.
Archaeological digs
Excavations lasting several years at the end of the 1970s confirmed the assumption that the Ulrici Church, which was demolished in 1544, stood on the foundations of a previous building from the 10th century, a hall church with a width of 5.60 m and a length of 7.50 m. The Ulrici Church itself had three aisles. In addition, 176 grave sites were found, which proved that it was a parish church. After the excavations were completed in the early 1980s, this area was submerged for a period. Several showcases gave an insight into the finds (skeletons, wall remains, etc.) in this area of the city center. The outline of the 10th century church on the market square is still particularly marked today.
"House to the Star"
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On the corner of Schuhstrasse there was a very large half-timbered house, which was referred to as "to the guldenen Sterne" - "to the golden star" - as early as 1356, as it had a large, golden star on the west facade. Even Gotthold Ephraim Lessing has descended there when visiting Braunschweig. He wrote to his bride Eva König : “But you don't have to stay in the rose [=“ Haus zur Rose ”, see below], but right next to it in the 'star'. There is now my lodging and room and everything is better ... ” . Despite considerable protests from the population, it was demolished in 1894 and replaced by a modern stone building that still stands there today after bomb damage from World War II was removed.
"House of the Rose"
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Also on the corner of Schuhstraße is the “Haus zur Rose” next to the “Haus zum Stern”. The first building stood here as early as 1268 and was expanded in 1309. The front visible today dates from 1590 is adorned with a large golden rose and shows similarities with the east facade of the Gewandhaus, only a few meters away . The window frames of the "Haus zur Rose" still show the late Gothic style , whereas the ground floor vaults probably go back to restoration work in 1865. For many decades, the “Café Central” was on the ground floor.
"House to the Sun"
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Like the other two, the “Haus zur Sonne” is located on the corner of Schuhstrasse, but across from it. Its facade is adorned with a golden sun. In place of the building already attested in the Middle Ages, Christian Gottlob Langwagen erected a new stone building in 1792/93, which in turn was changed in 1885 by Constantin Uhde in the style of the German Renaissance .
synagogue
From 1779 to 1875 the synagogue of the Jewish community was located on the west side of the square in a back building (Kohlmarkt 290). From 1875 this was then used by the " New Synagogue " built by C. Uhde in the Alte Kniehauerstrasse.
"House Leuenturm"
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Until 1639 the “Leuenturm” (“Leu” = “lion”) stood at the transition from Kohlmarkt to Hutfiltern Street . Occasionally it was called "Ulrichsturm" after the nearby church. A tower with a (Brunswick) lion is depicted on the facade of a house, which is today probably at the location of the tower.
More buildings
The old town's scales (built in 1354) were also located on or on the market square and the coin forge was located on the corner of Schützenstrasse.
The Kohlmarktbrunnen
A first market or drinking water well is documented as early as 1391, it supplied the residents in the area of the market square with water until 1865. The fountain was called "Joghetbronnen" or "Ulrichsbrunnen". The fountain, which can still be seen there today, was built in 1869 based on a design by the Frankfurt architect Oskar Sommer .
In the last decades since the end of the war, the Kohlmarkt has been redesigned many times. With the establishment of cafes and restaurants with outdoor areas, the market square has recently been revitalized and again offers space for a variety of events. Light installations put these in the right light in the evening.
literature
- Günter Jahn: Old Town Market. In: Luitgard Camerer , Manfred Garzmann , Wolf-Dieter Schuegraf (eds.): Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon . Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag, Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 3-926701-14-5 , p. 14th f .
- Reinhard Dorn : Medieval churches in Braunschweig. Verlag CW Niemeyer, Hameln 1978, ISBN 3-87585-043-2 .
- Jürgen Hodemacher : Braunschweigs streets - their names and their stories, Volume 1: Innenstadt , Cremlingen 1995, ISBN 3-927060-11-9 .
- Wolfgang Kimpflinger: Monuments in Lower Saxony. Volume 1.1 .: City of Braunschweig. Part 1. (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany . ) Hameln 1993, ISBN 3-87585-252-4 .
- City of Braunschweig, Bauverwaltung (Hrsg.): Investigation into the building history of the Kohlmarkt. (= Urban design in Braunschweig. ) Braunschweig 1980, OCLC 256207412 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jürgen Hodemacher: Braunschweigs Straßen - their names and their stories, Volume 1: Innenstadt , Cremlingen 1995, p. 188
- ^ Reinhard Dorn: Medieval churches in Braunschweig . Hameln, 1978, p. 253
- ↑ Wolfgang Kimpflinger: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Architectural monuments in Lower Saxony , Volume 1.1 .: City of Braunschweig , Part 1, p. 94
- ↑ Karl Walther Rohmann: Braunschweig - as it was , 2nd edition, Dusseldorf 1977, p 15
Web links
Coordinates: 52 ° 15 ′ 45 ″ N , 10 ° 31 ′ 12 ″ E