Konrad Buchwald

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Konrad Buchwald (born February 16, 1914 in Jena ; † March 9, 2003 in Flensburg ) was a German botanist , conservationist and landscape planner .

Live and act

The son of the pedagogue and Germanist Reinhard Buchwald and Elisabeth Buchwald, née Leo, attended elementary school, the “German” high school in Jena and the Odenwald school in Oberhambach . In 1932 he passed the Abitur. In his youth Konrad Buchwald was a member of the " German Freischar " and the " Black Front " of Otto Strasser.

From 1932 to 1937 he studied biology, botany, geography, geology, mineralogy, chemistry and physics at the University of Heidelberg . His fellow student Heinz Ellenberg introduced him to the Vegetation Mapping Department of the Province of Hanover . From 1934 he worked there and learned above all the methods of soil science and plant sociology . In 1938 he began with a dissertation entitled “The Northwest German Heiden. Their history of exploration, plant communities and their living conditions ”, and ended in 1940. The work was supervised by Prof. Dr. W. Penzer in Heidelberg and Reinhold Tüxen in Hanover. Because he was called up for military service, Buchwald had to interrupt work on his dissertation in September and October 1938 and in August 1939.

On May 1, 1937, Buchwald applied for membership in the NSDAP.

In 1939 he continued to work for the Central Office for Vegetation Science of the Reich under Reinhold Tüxen. Buchwald was to begin mapping the vegetation of the so-called Warthegau occupied by German troops in August 1941 . It is not yet known whether he also carried out this work.

After the Second World War he was given the position of a consultant at the Ministry of the Interior of the State of Württemberg-Hohenzollern in Tübingen . There he was responsible for site and vegetation mapping, roads and water planting as well as engineering biology . In northern Württemberg he acted as a district nature conservation officer. In 1949 he received his doctorate from the University of Heidelberg with his thesis The Northwest German Heiden, their history of research, plant communities and their living conditions for a doctorate in natural sciences. Later he was head of the engineering biology department at the Württemberg-Hohenzollern government in Tübingen.

Buchwald completed his habilitation in geobotany in 1955 at the Eberhard Karls University in Tübingen . From 1955 to 1960 he was director of the State Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management in Baden-Württemberg and a private lecturer at the University of Tübingen . From 1960 until his retirement in 1979 he was a full professor for landscape maintenance and director of the Institute for landscape maintenance and nature conservation at the Technical University of Hanover .

There he developed a new subject with the title "Landespflege", which influenced other faculties nationwide.

Buchwald took on functions in important German nature and environmental protection committees: he was a founding member of the German Council for Land Care and the German Government's Council of Experts for Environmental Issues . In addition, he led the regional association of the BUND in Lower Saxony from 1983 to 1991. He was politically active, among other things, from 1986 to 1988 as deputy federal chairman of the “Ecological Democratic Party” ( ÖDP ).

In 1971 Buchwald played a decisive role in the first draft of a federal nature conservation law. He also dedicated himself to the protection of lakes and seas, with the Wadden Sea and the East Frisian Islands being the focus of his interest. Buchwald was one of the 16 signatories of the Mainau Green Charter . In the mid-1990s, Buchwald made contributions to a policy of sustainability for the BUND Misereor study "Germany for the future" . In 1997 he received the Reinhold Tüxen Prize .

Networking with National Socialist nature conservation before and after 1945

The Central Office for Vegetation Science of the Reich, on which Buchwald worked, contributed, among other things, to drafts for the planting planning of military facilities and analyzed the botany of occupied and contested regions with regard to military usability.

Buchwald himself succeeded Hans Schwenkel , a proven National Socialist and racist. In 1956, Buchwald wrote in the foreword of a commemorative publication for Schwenkel together with the two other editors, “We are not only celebrating the man who has built up nature conservation work in Württemberg from the smallest beginnings in 30 years, but also the versatile and stimulating initiator and motor of landscape maintenance work throughout the entire Reich. "

Buchwald also expressly praised Erhard Mäding , who works in the Reich Commissariat for the Consolidation of German Volkstum , for his work, as did the nature conservationist Alwin Seifert , who was closely involved in the Nazi system . He also saw Heinrich Wiepking-Jürgensmann , who was also active in the Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Volkstum, as a role model and took over his chair in Hanover in 1960.

In the Federal Republic of Germany he published in the magazine of the New Right with the title "neue zeit." In it he turned against asylum seekers in the sense of a so-called ecological ethic, who in his opinion put forward economic reasons in order to receive protection and to avoid the Federal Republic to be supported. In his opinion, however, it should rather work for the “German nationality” abroad.

Buchwald saw the pre-industrial rural cultural landscape as an ideal and model for maintaining the country. He judged the society in question to be “healthy” and gave it a “holistic” lifestyle in relation to nature. On the other hand, he saw urban culture as sick, corrosive and destructive. He also propagated these mental figures of National Socialism in the Federal Republic of Germany, for example in the article "Healthy Land - Healthy People" from 1956 in the journal Natur und Landschaft. Buchwald called for an authoritarian state that should implement the establishment of the rural cultural landscape with the help of landscape planning and its authorities. Other actors in the landscape such as forests, hydraulic engineering or transport planners should be subordinate to this.

Buchwald was particularly influenced by the writings of the doctor Joachim Bodamer . In particular, his publication “Health and Technical World” had an effect on him.

Memberships

Awards

Fonts (selection)

  • Nature conservation and landscape management in Baden-Württemberg with Oswald Rathfelder , 1957
  • Conservation - a political task? , 1965
  • Handbook for Landscape Management and Nature Conservation in four volumes, 1968–1969
  • Landscape conservation and nature conservation in practice , 1973, ISBN 3-405-11200-1
  • The ecological orientation of spatial planning , 1979, ISBN 3-888-38789-2
  • Landscape protection policy with Hans-Georg Wehling , 1982, ISBN 3-170-07488-1
  • Nature conservation and environmental policy as a challenge , 1989, ISBN 3-923-28506-X
  • North Sea. A living space without a future? , 1990
  • Protection of the world's oceans, North Sea with Wolfgang Engelhardt and Uwe Schlüter , 1996, ISBN 3-870-81532-9
  • Protection of the seas - Baltic Sea and Bodden landscape with Hans Dieter Knapp and Hans Walter Louis , 1996, ISBN 3-870-81025-4
  • Ecological problems and endangerment of the national park "Lower Saxony Wadden Sea". In: Henning von Köller (ed.): Environmental policy with a sense of proportion. Commemorative letter for State Secretary Günter Hartkopf on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of his death on September 19, 1999, Berlin 2000, pp. 257–278

literature

  • Heinz-Siegfried Strelow: Konrad Buchwald. Farewell , in: Conservative Nature Today. Yearbook of the Herbert Gruhl Society 2004, Essen: Verlag Die Blaue Eule, 2004, pp. 74–77; (online at: www.naturkonservativ.de )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ CV. In: K. Buchwald: The Northwest German Heiden. Their history of exploration, plant communities and their living conditions. Inaugural dissertation to obtain a doctorate from the high philosophical faculty of the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität zu Heidelberg. Heidelberg 1940. p. 54
  2. ^ T. Potthast: Konrad Buchwald. In: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Nature and State: State Nature Conservation in Germany 1906 - 2006. Ed. H.-W. Frohn, F. Schmoll. (Conservation and biological diversity H. 34). Münster 2006. ISBN 978-3-7843-3935-1 . P. 405
  3. ↑ CV. In: K. Buchwald: The Northwest German Heiden. Their history of exploration, plant communities and their living conditions. Inaugural dissertation to obtain a doctorate from the high philosophical faculty of the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität zu Heidelberg. Heidelberg 1940. p. 54
  4. ↑ J. Wolschke-Bulmahn: Nature conservation and National Socialism. Representation in the field of tension between repression, trivialization and interpretation. In: SA Glienke, V. Paulmann, J. Perels (eds.): Success story Federal Republic? Post-war history in the long shadow of National Socialism. Göttingen 2008. p. 62
  5. ↑ R. Tüxen: From the office for theoretical and applied plant sociology of the veterinary surgeon. University of Hanover. An activity report by Reinhold Tüxen. (Special print from the 92nd and 93rd annual reports of the Natural History Society in Hanover). Hanover 1942. p. 71
  6. ↑ Central Office. In: 10th circular. Hanover, June 1941. Central Office for Vegetation Science of the Hanover Empire. Forestry Office Kassel. In: Rundbrief (Pers). Part 9. 1941-13 (1943). P. 21
  7. ^ T. Potthast: Konrad Buchwald. In: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Nature and State: State Nature Conservation in Germany 1906 - 2006. Ed. H.-W. Frohn, F. Schmoll. (Conservation and biological diversity H. 34). Münster 2006. ISBN 978-3-7843-3935-1 . P. 405
  8. ^ T. Potthast: Konrad Buchwald. In: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Nature and State: State Nature Conservation in Germany 1906 - 2006. Ed. H.-W. Frohn, F. Schmoll. (Conservation and biological diversity H. 34). Münster 2006. ISBN 978-3-7843-3935-1 . P. 405
  9. ^ T. Potthast: Konrad Buchwald. In: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Nature and State: State Nature Conservation in Germany 1906 - 2006. Ed. H.-W. Frohn, F. Schmoll. (Conservation and biological diversity H. 34). Münster 2006. ISBN 978-3-7843-3935-1 . P. 405
  10. ↑ Cf. M. Klein: Nature Conservation in the Third Reich. Pp. 317-320
  11. ↑ K. Buchwald, O. Rathfelder, W. Zimmermann (ed.): Festschrift for Hans Schwenkel on his 70th birthday. Publications of the State Office for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management Baden-Württemberg and the Württemberg district offices in Stuttgart and Tübingen. Issue 24. Ludwigsburg 1956. p. 5
  12. ↑ J. Wolschke-Bulmahn: Nature conservation and National Socialism. Representation in the field of tension between repression, trivialization and interpretation. In: SA Glienke, V. Paulmann, J. Perels (eds.): Success story Federal Republic? Post-war history in the long shadow of National Socialism. Göttingen 2008. p. 63
  13. ↑ J. Wolschke-Bulmahn: Nature conservation and National Socialism. Representation in the field of tension between repression, trivialization and interpretation. In: SA Glienke, V. Paulmann, J. Perels (eds.): Success story Federal Republic? Post-war history in the long shadow of National Socialism. Göttingen 2008. p. 62
  14. ↑ K. Buchwald: Healthy land - healthy people. A reflection on the health and recovery problem. In: Nature and Landscape. (Issue 32) 1954. pp. 94-98
  15. ↑ S. Körner: Theory and methodology of landscape planning, landscape architecture and social-scientific open space planning from National Socialism to the present. (Series of publications of the Faculty 7 - Architecture Environment Society of the Technical University of Berlin No. 118). Berlin 2001. pp. 119-121
  16. ↑ Joachim Bodamer: Health in the technical world. Unmasking people's escape routes from the risk. (Herder library, vol. 277). Stuttgart 1955 / K. Buchwald: Lecture: In: H. Poenicke, G. Kragh: Nature conservation in the course of time. Report on the German Nature Conservation Day in Kassel 1957. Bad Godesberg 1958. p. 31
  17. ↑ a b Redaktionsbüro Harenberg: Knaurs Prominentenlexikon 1980. The personal data of celebrities from politics, economy, culture and society . With over 400 photos. Droemer Knaur, Munich / Zurich 1979, ISBN 3-426-07604-7 , Buchwald, Konrad, p. 62 .
personal data
SURNAME Buchwald, Konrad
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German botanist and politician (ödp)
DATE OF BIRTH February 16, 1914
PLACE OF BIRTH Jena
DATE OF DEATH March 9, 2003
Place of death Flensburg