Konrad I. (Oels)

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Konrad I.

Konrad I of Oels (also Konrad I of Namslau * 1292 /1294; † 22. December 1366 ) was from 1309 to 1312 along with his four brothers Duke of Glogau and lord of Greater Poland . From 1312 to 1320/21 was Duke of Namslau and then Duke of Oels until his death in 1366 . From 1357 he also owned the Duchy of Cosel . He came from the Glogau branch of the Silesian Piasts .

Origin and family

Konrad's parents were Heinrich III. von Glogau († 1309) and Mechthild († 1318), daughter of Duke Albrecht of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . In 1322 he married Elisabeth († 1328), a daughter of the Breslau Duke Heinrich VI. After her death, before 1333, he married Euphemia, a daughter of Duke Wladislaus von Beuthen-Cosel . The children came from this marriage

Life

After the death of their father Heinrich III., Who in addition to his Silesian possessions was also the master of almost all of Greater Poland , Conrad and his brothers Heinrich IV († 1342), Boleslaus / Bolko († 1320), Johann († 1361 ) inherited in 1309 / 65) and Primislaus / Primko († 1331) their areas. They administered this jointly until 1312 under the tutelage of their mother Mechthild von Braunschweig.

To prevent their territories from being split up, Conrad I and his brothers initially divided their inheritance into two parts on February 29, 1312. The second-born Konrad I and the third-born Boleslaus received the eastern area with the cities of Gnesen , Kalisz , Oels and Wohlau . The eldest brother Heinrich IV and the two youngest brothers Johann and Primislaus / Primko received the larger western area with the towns of Steinau , Sagan , Grünberg , Crossen and Posen . Glogau , Beuthen and Freystadt also belonged to these three brothers , but they were initially assigned to their mother as personal belongings for her life . Since Konrad dubbed “Herr von Namslau” from 1315, it can be assumed that he initially resided in Namslau.

After Konrad I and Boleslaus had already lost their Greater Poland territories to Władysław I Ellenlang in 1314 and Boleslaus died in 1320, Konrad I, Heinrich IV, Johann and Primislaus / Primko re-divided the entire property. Konrad I received Namslau and Oels, where he resided, Heinrich IV received Sagan, Primislaus / Primko Glogau and Johann Steinau .

However, the death of his brother Boleslaus and the distribution of his inheritance led to armed conflicts in which, in addition to the Polish King Władysław I. Ellenlang, the Silesian dukes of Boleslaus von Liegnitz , Henry VI. von Breslau , Bernhard II. von Schweidnitz and Boleslaus II. von Opole participated. The battles fought from 1321 to 1323, which also spread to the territories of Konrad's brothers, ultimately resulted in Konrad losing almost all of his property. However, an agreement was reached with Henry VI as early as 1321. von Breslau, who pledged the Oels area to Konrad in return for monetary payments. After Henry VI. A year later his daughter Elisabeth married Konrad I, he assured him that the pledge would revert to Konrad after his ( Heinrich VI. ) death. Despite the partial peace, the fighting, which led to further loss of territory and devastation, continued. In August 1323 Konrad I and Boleslaus von Liegnitz submitted to an arbitration award from Władysław I. Ellenlang in Cracow, with which the disputes were settled and both of them renounced large parts of their territories in favor of the other. In addition, Konrad and his brothers lost the rest of their father's inherited Greater Poland territories to Władysław I. Ellenlang, to whom they had to undertake not to use the title "heres regni Poloniae" ( inheritance of the Kingdom of Poland ) used by their father .

With the feudal deeds issued by the Bohemian King John of Luxembourg in Breslau on April 29, 1329 and May 9, 1329 , Conrad I and his brothers Heinrich IV and John voluntarily entered into a feudal relationship with the Crown of Bohemia , granting them special inheritance benefits were.

Around 1350, Konrad I was appointed chief judge and chairman of the later Emperor Charles IV, a country peace initiated by him and concluded for five years . All the Silesian dukes belonged to the Landfrieden as well as Charles IV as lord of the hereditary principalities.

After the death of Duke Boleslaus von Beuthen-Cosel in 1354/55, there was a long-term dispute between Konrad I von Oels and the Teschener and Opole dukes over the Beuthen-Cosel legacy, which had fallen back to the Crown of Bohemia as a settled fiefdom . Konrad's claim was justified by the fact that he had been married to Euphemia († 1376/78), a sister of the late Duke Boleslaus von Beuthen and Cosel, since 1328/29.

On October 10, 1355, a court of arbitration chaired by the Bohemian sovereign Charles IV awarded the Duchy of Cosel to Duke Conrad I. In contrast, the inheritance dispute over the Duchy of Beuthen was only settled after the death of Conrad I in 1369. Then the Duchy of Bytom was divided. Half of Beuthen with the northern part of the duchy was handed over to the widow of Konrad I Euphemia († 1376/78) or her son Konrad II von Oels.

Despite the initial loss of territory, Konrad I, who died in 1366, left a considerable legacy to his son of the same name, Konrad II.

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personal data
SURNAME Konrad I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Konrad I of Namslau
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Namslau, Oels and half Cosel and half Beuthen
DATE OF BIRTH between 1292 and 1298
DATE OF DEATH December 22, 1366