Marienkirche (Neubrandenburg)

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Marienkirche in Neubrandenburg

The St. Marien Church was the main parish church in Neubrandenburg in Mecklenburg . After extensive destruction in April 1945 at the end of the Second World War , it was rebuilt as a concert church in Neubrandenburg by 2001 . It is not only a concert hall of international standing, but also a testament to the north German brick building. Its east gable, in particular, is considered to be the first highlight of the brick Gothic . The church tower, which was reconstructed in the 1980s, is the tallest structure in Neubrandenburg with a height of 90 meters.

history

East gable
Destroyed St. Mary's Church (1952)
Last remaining fresco

The construction of the St. Mary's Church began soon after the city was founded in 1248. This first building, probably built as a wooden church on a field stone foundation, was followed around 1270 by a parish church made of granite ashlar. The four bays of the choir of today's church were completed at the end of the 13th century. Its main altar was consecrated in 1298 by the Bishop of Havelberg . The nave was built at the beginning, the church tower in the course of the 14th century.

In 1523 the first Lutheran preacher was mentioned in Neubrandenburg, a good two decades later (1549) Mecklenburg changed completely to the Evangelical Lutheran denomination in the course of the Reformation . Since then, St. Mary's Church has been a Lutheran church with up to five pastoral posts, but mostly only two or three of them were occupied. Until 1765, Neubrandenburg was also the seat of the superintendent of the Stargard parish . The first superintendent was Erasmus Alberus , who was appointed preacher by Duke Johann Albrecht I in 1552 . He died in 1553 and was buried in front of the altar of the Marienkirche.

In 1591 the spire fell down in a storm. In 1614 the Marienkirche was victim of a city fire. During the Thirty Years' War , imperial troops caused a bloodbath in the church during the occupation of the city in 1631. The tower was damaged again in 1655, this time by lightning , which destroyed the bell as well as the church clock. During the town fire of 1676, the tower that fell into the nave damaged the vault so badly that it had to be completely removed. The impoverished city could only afford a makeshift repair and had the vault replaced with a wooden floor. Services were only possible again from 1694.

The church received its present appearance in the course of several years of construction from 1832 under the direction of Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel . The inauguration took place on August 12, 1841. Grand Duke Georg thanked Buttel in a letter for this building as your most important achievement, which is truly your honor.

When the Neubrandenburg city center burned on April 29, 1945, the church burned down completely, except for the four outer walls and the tower walls. The initially planned reconstruction as a place of worship clearly exceeded the possibilities of the community. The attempt to build an installation in the eastern part to serve as a community hall was also not realized.

architecture

The Marienkirche was a nine-bay and three-aisled hall church until it was destroyed in the war . It had a right-angled cross vault and a straight choir closure . The church tower had a height of 90 m, which was reached again with the reconstruction in the 1980s. The former crown of the vault in the central nave was at a height of 18.5 m. The interior of the nave is 22.4 m long and 53.6 m wide. The strength of the west wall is 4.7 m.

The pre-faded, free-standing tracery of the east gable, built between 1292 and 1297, is a filigree compilation of eyelashes and pinnacles and the oldest of the north German brick Gothic. The unknown master builder implemented tracery architecture in brick for the first time, which spread from here in northern Germany.

Conversion to a concert church and opening

Function room

After the early 1970s demolition plans for the church ruins were discarded, the city of Neubrandenburg acquired the property in 1975 and began to rebuild and expand the ruins as a concert hall and art gallery. After reunification in 1989/1990, reconstruction initially stalled. The design concept pursued up to then by the Neubrandenburg architect Josef Walter with a closed hall in the hall church was rejected by the State Ministry of Building, represented by Roland Kutzki . After several architecture competitions, a jury and then the Neubrandenburg city representatives decided in 1996 in favor of a much more cost-effective design by the Finnish architect Pekka Salminen , where the now larger concert hall and the interior of the church form an open unit.

In 2001 the construction work was completed, on July 13, 2001 the new venue went into operation with an opening concert. The Philharmonic Choir Neubrandenburg under the direction of choir director Gotthard Franke, reinforced by the Neustrelitz opera choir, interpreted the celebratory and memorial speeches by Johannes Brahms . Then the Neubrandenburg Philharmonic and the NDR Choir performed the Missa solemnis by Ludwig van Beethoven under the direction of Nicolás Pasquet .

The new auditorium has 850 seats and has excellent acoustic conditions. The reconstruction of the church cost 31 million DM, of which the city raised more than 20 million DM itself.

When it reopened, it was renamed the “Concert Church Neubrandenburg”. In 2002 it was awarded the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Building Prize. It is the main venue of the Neubrandenburg Philharmonic, which gives around thirty concerts here every season. In addition, the concert church is a permanent venue for the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Festival . Many internationally active artists and orchestras have already been guests here. For several years now, the "NB JOT" has been taking place here in summer, a youth orchestra festival to which young musicians from all over Europe are guests in Neubrandenburg. In 2011 the concert church was one of the central venues for the national competition “ Jugend musiziert ” in Neubrandenburg and Neustrelitz . In 2011, the tenth anniversary of the reopening of the Concert Church and the 60th anniversary of the Neubrandenburg Philharmonic were celebrated with a large gala concert.

Other Projects

View from the tower towards Tollensesee

In the years since the reopening, further projects for the concert church have been realized or are in the planning stage. An exhibition of the Neubrandenburg Regional Museum on the history of brick Gothic in Neubrandenburg and the surrounding area has been on view in the church tower since 2003 . In 2007 five new bronze church bells were inaugurated to replace the old, worn out steel bells from wartime. To finance this project, the “Five Bells for Neubrandenburg” fundraising campaign raised almost 220,000 euros from the city's citizens and companies within two years. The mood of the new bells is: h ° - e ′ - g sharp ′ - a ′ - h ′. As part of this construction work, the outer balustrade of the tower was also made accessible to the public. Since 2009, a multimedia 360 ° projection in the tower octagon above the bell chamber has shown the historic cityscape of Neubrandenburg around 1900, which explains the city's sights and historic buildings.

organ

Johannes Klais organ building and the Karl Schuke Berlin organ building workshop built a new organ . It was inaugurated on July 13, 2017 with a concert by the Latvian organist Iveta Apkalna . The slider chests -instrument has 70 registers and can be controlled by two viermanualigen gaming tables from. The organ has 2,852 pipes , 351 of which are made of wood and 2501 of various tin alloys. The longest pipe is approx. 6 meters long, the smallest pipe approx. 11 millimeters long. The instrument is 8 m wide and 12 m high and weighs around 21 t.

I main work C – c 4
1. Principal 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Harmony flute 8th'
4th Gamba 8th'
5. Drone 8th'
6th Principal 4 ′
7th flute 4 ′
8th. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
9. Octave 2 ′
10. Cornett V (from c 1 ) 8th'
11. Mixture IV 2 ′
12. tuba 16 ′
13. Trumpet 8th'
14th tuba 4 ′
Tremulant
II inking unit (positive) C – c 4
15th Bourdon 16 ′
16. Salicet 16 ′
17th Principal 8th'
18th Reed flute 8th'
19th Salicet 8th'
20th Principal 4 ′
21st Reed flute 4 ′
22nd Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
23. flute 2 ′
24. Principal 2 ′
25th third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
26th Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
27. Mixture IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
28. Cromorne 16 ′
29 Cromorne 8th'
III Swell C – c 4
30th Covered 16 ′
31. Violin principal 8th'
32. Bordunal flute 8th'
33. Salicional 8th'
34. Aeoline 8th'
35. Vox coelestis (from c 0 ) 8th'
36. Fugara 4 ′
37. Slack travers 4 ′
38. Piccolo 2 ′
39. Progressio II-III 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
40. Basson 16 ′
41. Trumpets 8th'
42. Hautbois 8th'
43. Vox humana 8th'
44. Clairon 4 ′
Tremulant
IV Solo work C – c 4
45. Violon 16 ′
46. Stentor principal 8th'
47. viola 8th'
48. Stentor principal 4 ′
49. violin 4 ′
Tremulant
50. tuba 16 ′
51. tuba 8th'
52. tuba 4 ′
Pedals C – g 1
53. Pedestal 32 ′
54. Principal bass 16 ′
55. Violon bass 16 ′
56. Tender princess 16 ′
57. Sub bass 16 ′
58. Bourdon 16 ′
59. Salicet 16 ′
60. Octavbass 8th'
61. Principal 8th'
62. violoncello 8th'
63. Covered bass 8th'
64. Choral bass 4 ′
65. Octave 4 ′
66. Back set IV 4 ′
67. trombone 16 ′
68. tuba 16 '
69. Cromorne 16 ′
70. Trumpet 8th'
71. Clarino 4 ′
  • Coupling : II / I, III / I, IV / I, I / II, III / II, III / III (sub- and super-octave coupling), IV / II, IV / III, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P

The entrepreneur Günther Weber, founder of Weber Maschinenbau , donated 2 million euros for the construction of the organ.

Marienkirche in art

Caspar David Friedrich: Gazebo , 1818

The Marienkirche is an important motif in the work of Caspar David Friedrich . The romantic painter made several architectural studies of the building. He also used elements of sacred architecture in the fantasy architecture of his pictures, with which he commented on Franz Christian Boll's wish , from 1801 to 1818 pastor at St. Mary's Church, to restore the Gothic shape of the church. Until the renovation in 1841, the church tower had a baroque dome. The painting Gartenlaube from 1818 can be interpreted as a memory image for Franz Christian Boll, which shows Boll and his wife Friederike in the arbor of their own garden, with a view of the vision of the Marienkirche with a Gothic spire.

Caspar David Friedrich's unfinished painting The Burning Neubrandenburg (around 1830) in the Hamburger Kunsthalle is the only surviving document that shows the original design by the architect Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel for the tower of St. Mary's Church from 1829. The tower was to end flat at the top with openwork railings and pinnacles , based on the model of the Friedrichswerder Church in Berlin . The citizens of the city protested against this solution and demanded a pointed Gothic spire, which was then also realized.

The altar, which was erected in St. Mary's Church in 1841, corresponds in its outer shape to an altar design by Caspar David Friedrich in the watercolored pen drawing Cross in front of rainbow in the mountains from 1818, slightly modified by the architect Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel.

Pastors

  • 1789–1805 Ernst Theodor Johann Brückner (1789 preacher, first pastor from 1801)
  • 1859–1888 Ernst Milarch (1829–1888), (2nd pastorate, 1st pastorate from 1864, 1883 prepositus)
  • 1879–1908 Carl Wendt (2nd pastorate, 1st pastorate from 1890, 1896 prepositus)
  • 1908–1937 Otto Clorius (1st pastor)
  • 1929–1933 Johannes Heepe (3rd pastor)

literature

  • Jacob Friedrich Roloff: Memories of Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel. Commissionsverlag Gustav Lange, Berlin 1870.
  • Volker Schmidt: Neubrandenburg. A historical guide. Hinstorff, Rostock 1997, ISBN 3-356-00726-2 , pp. 85-87.

Web links

Commons : Marienkirche (Neubrandenburg)  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Volker Schmidt: Neubrandenburg. A historical guide. P. 21.
  2. ↑ Roloff: Memories of FW Buttel. P. 14.
  3. ↑ Home. Retrieved June 8, 2018 .
  4. ↑ Claudia Krüger (author), Birgit Müller (editor), Iris Berner (production manager): How does it work? 2852 pipes for Neubrandenburg. December 20, 2017, accessed December 20, 2017 (text and video (length 28 ′ 30 ″)).
  5. ↑ a b NDR: New Queen enthroned. Accessed December 1, 2018 .
  6. ^ Concert Church St. Marien Neubrandenburg ›Karl Schuke. Retrieved June 8, 2018 (German).
  7. ↑ Christina Grummt: All drawings by Caspar David Friedrich. 2 volumes. CH Beck, Munich 2011, p. 915.
  8. ^ Helmut Börsch-Supan, Karl Wilhelm Jähnig: Caspar David Friedrich. Paintings, prints and pictorial drawings. Prestel, Munich 1974, p. 325.
  9. ↑ Detlef Stapf: Caspar David Friedrichs hidden landscapes. The Neubrandenburg contexts. Greifswald 2014, p. 152 ff. Network-based P-Book
  10. ^ Georg Krüger: Art and History Monuments of the Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Neubrandenburg 1929, Volume I / 3.2 p. 21.
  11. ↑ Grete Grewolls: Who was who in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. The dictionary of persons . Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 2011, ISBN 978-3-356-01301-6 , p. 6651 .

Coordinates: 53 ° 33 '20 "  N , 13 ° 15' 37"  E