Kreuth (Heideck)

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Kreuth (Schloßkreuth)
City of Heideck
Coordinates: 49 ° 8 ′ 21 ″  N , 11 ° 7 ′ 7 ″  E
Height : 455 m
Residents : 14  (1987)
Incorporation : March 18, 1801
Postal code : 91180
Area code : 09177
Kreuth from the southwest
Kreuth from the southwest
17th century gate construction
Manor house 1756/1761 by Giovanni Domenico Barbieri with a mansard roof
Coat of arms of the princes of Oettingen-Spielberg; green reed sandstone, above the passage of the gate

Kreuth (Schloßkreuth) is as a manor and formerly a princely castle a part of the municipality of the city of Heideck in the Central Franconian district of Roth in Bavaria .

location

The estate is located northwest of the center of Heideck on a hill. It can be reached from Heideck via Kreuther Straße.

history

When the Heideck nursing office in the Palatinate-Neuburg and thus Kreuth was pledged to the Burgraves of Nuremberg on October 4, 1542 by the heavily indebted Count Palatine Ottheinrich , Nuremberg immediately introduced the Reformation . The Nuremberg caretaker Bernhard Usefulel († 1580, buried in the parish church of St. John the Baptist in Heideck), who built an estate through the purchase of parcels and successfully applied to the Nuremberg City Council on December 6, 1570 for a house with a barn on the site to be allowed to erect. His son-in-law Julius Grätz received the freedom of noblemen and sovereign rights from Duke Philipp Ludwig from Palatinate-Neuburg in 1588 , after the Heideck von Pfalz-Neuburg office had been redeemed again in 1585.

The owners of the Kreuth estate changed several times in the period that followed. Heinrich Julius Grätz / Gretz sat in Kreuth until 1595. He sold to the Nuremberg citizen Abel Unterholzner. In 1602 the Neuburg landscape commissioner transferred the Kreuther Gut to the Heidecker Kastner Johann Öfelin as the new owner. In the same year the Heideck keeper Adam von Halleg / Halleck acquired it and owned it until 1624. From 1624 Count Palatine Johann Friedrich zu Hilpoltstein was Kreuther's landlord. In 1665, the Palatinate-Neuburg Council, Hieronymus Dickel / Dickl, achieved that mass could be celebrated "at will" in the house chapel in Kreuth . In 1680 Prince Philipp zu Sulzbach owned the country estate, from 1684 the Heideck keeper Count Jakob von Hamilton.

In 1690 Johann Philipp von Hammerling, known as Martellus, received the right to the house chapel for his castle estate in Kreuth, initially for all Sundays and public holidays, and in 1696/1700 also for weekdays. In 1731 the chief hunter Johann Ernst von Wolfskehl / Wolffskeel , son-in-law of Hammerling and owner of Kreuth from 1739 to 1744, was granted the house chapel by the diocese of Eichstätt. From the estate of his widow, the Kreuth estate was auctioned in 1752; Philipp von Riedel followed (coat of arms preserved in the extension of the former manor house). The new owner became Freiin Franziska von Zehmen , who in 1757 succeeded Philipp Ernst von Zehmen as lord of the castle. Giovanni Domenico Barbieri , master builder from Eichstätt renovated the palace complex (1756) or built new buildings (1761). The altar of the palace chapel, created in 1762, is now in the Tautenwinder chapel. The Protestant Baron von Neumann donated the equipment to this community in order to set up a billiard room in the chapel room. In 1794 Hofkammerrat Franz Karl von Strasser, forester for the offices of Allersberg, Heideck and Hilpoltstein, bought the estate. His daughter brought Kreuth in 1801 in the marriage with Karl Freiherr Franz Leo von Bonnet zu Meautry († 1852 in Kreuth). On March 18, 1801, the Hofmark Kreuth was declared a "common estate", that is, incorporated into the community of Heideck.

The Protestant community formed in Heideck in the course of the 19th century consisted at times only of the Kreuther lordship. In 1868 Bonnet sold to Freiherr von Neumann and the latter soon afterwards to the St. Walburg monastery in Eichstätt.

After the short time in the monastery, Kreuth was sold back to Bonnet, and in 1878 it came into the possession of the Princes of Oettingen-Spielberg . In 1884 the house chapel was rebuilt and consecrated under Prince Emil von Oettingen-Spielberg (* 1850, † 1919). In 1888 the Munich altar architect Josef Anton Müller made the plans for the design of the St. Maria palace chapel in the manor house. The oak wall and ceiling paneling has been preserved on site. Stained glass windows and altar have been missing since the mid-1950s, the stalls are in Oettinger Castle. In 1922 the privilege to celebrate was renewed for Otto von Oettingen-Spielberg, who was born in Kreuth in 1879. In addition to an appointed chaplain (the last was the Eichstätter priest Josef Lehner), the cathedral capitular of Eichstätt, Philipp Prince of Aremberg and the prince's brother, Monsignor Felix Prince of Oettingen-Spielberg celebrated there. Otherwise, the manor had pew in the parish church in Heideck; this was moved to the oratory above the sacristy in 1621 and sold to Franziska von Zehmen by Wolfskehl's estate administrator and successor Philipp von Riedel in 1752.

In the Kingdom of Bavaria (1806) the wasteland of Schlosskreuth was assigned to the municipality and tax district of Heideck. In 1875 five head of cattle were kept in the castle's economy.

During the First World War, a military hospital and convalescent home was set up in the northern wing of the castle, which was built in 1888. During the Second World War, these unneeded rooms were converted into an old people's home and another chapel was set up there. During the war, the Munich art professor Rauch, as well as Count Franz von Montgelas lived in the castle with his wife and daughter. In April 1945 he was a victim of National Socialism and executed in Nuremberg. His widow Rosemarie was instrumental in ensuring that the American invasion of Heideck took place peacefully and without any resistance. She was also friends with the aerobatic pilot Elly Beil.

After the war, the family of the Counts of Schaffgotsch lived there for some time when they had to leave Warmbrunn Castle in Silesia with several horse-drawn carriages.

The north and east wing of the castle have been empty since the old people's home was closed in the mid-1960s.

In 1904 there were two residential buildings here, in 1952 only one. In 1953 the house Oettingen-Spielberg Kreuth sold to the Thuringian Elisabeth Wagenführ, who married the Nuremberg consul August Hetzel, as part of the Burden Equalization Act. In 1962 they sold the farm to the Bavarian State Estate, which sold the farm on in the 1960s, first to Arndt and Elisabeth Naumann, and in 1968 to Werner and Elisabeth Hohmann. After a major fire in 1979, the economic buildings were restored and used today (hotel and equestrian center).

The former castle is a two-storey mansard roof from the 18th century without any facade structure. Together with the outbuildings (erected in 1888) and with a gate building probably from the late 17th century (with a four-sided roof turret with a dome and with Oetting's coat of arms from 1878) it forms a small courtyard.

Population development

  • 1818: 13 (2 "fire places", 3 families)
  • 1837: 20
  • 1875: 8 (3 buildings)
  • 1903: 6 (2 residential buildings)
  • 1950: 63 (1 lock)
  • 1961: 41 (2 residential buildings)
  • 1973: 6
  • 1987: 14 (2 buildings with living space; 8 apartments)

Personalities

  • Prince Otto of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg, born March 9, 1879 in Kreuth; † February 16, 1952 in Öttingen
  • Felix Prince of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg, Monsignor, born November 23, 1881 in Kreuth; † September 3, 1961 in Ingolstadt
  • Maria Franziska Princess of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg, born September 28, 1884 in Kreuth, married to Theodor Alfred Franziskus Hubertus, Count Basselet de La Rosée (1875–1938); † March 25, 1931 in Munich
  • Franziska Maria Therese Monika Notgera Princess of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg, born September 10, 1919 in Kreuth; † September 15, 1931 in Oettingen
  • Alois Fürst zu Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg, born September 3, 1920 in Kreuth; † November 30, 1975 in Zurich
  • Franz Albrecht Notger Prince of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg, born September 9, 1925 in Kreuth, there † September 12, 1925
  • Franz Graf von Montgelas, born January 18, 1882, executed on April 6, 1945 in Nuremberg

literature

  • Franz Xaver Buchner: The diocese of Eichstätt. Volume I: Eichstätt 1937, Volume II: Eichstätt 1938
  • Felix Mader (arr.): The art monuments of Bavaria. Middle Franconia administrative region. III. District office Hilpoltstein , Munich 1929, reprint Munich / Vienna 1983
  • Wolfgang Wiessner: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part Franconia, series I, issue 24: Hilpoltstein. Munich 1978
  • Dieter Deeg: Heideck. City and Landscape , Nuremberg 1971

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Buchner II, p. 467
  2. ^ Deeg, p. 103
  3. ↑ Collection sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association 39 (1924), p. 22; Deeg, p. 104
  4. ↑ Mader, p. 211; Histor. Atlas, p. 177; Buchner I, p. 467
  5. ↑ Mader, p. 211
  6. ↑ On the road together. Churches and parishes in the district of Roth and in the city of Schwabach , Schwabach / Roth undated [2000], p. 97
  7. ↑ Histor. Atlas, p. 221; Deeg, p. 104 f .; 105
  8. ↑ Deeg, p. 62
  9. ↑ Mader, p. 211; Buchner I, pp. 468 f., 473
  10. ↑ Mader, p. 211
  11. ↑ a b c d e Marcus Hohmann, Kreuth private archive
  12. ↑ Buchner I, pp. 468 f., 473
  13. ↑ Buchner I, p. 467 f.
  14. ↑ Histor. Atlas, p. 252
  15. ↑ Kgl. Statistical Bureau in Munich (edit.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria , Munich 1876, column 888
  16. ↑ Histor. Atlas, p. 33
  17. ^ Deeg, p. 105
  18. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated November 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. schlosskreuth.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schlosskreuth.de
  19. ↑ Mader, p. 211 f .; Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Bavaria I: Franconia. 2nd, revised and supplemented edition, Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag 1999, p. 540
  20. ↑ Alphabetical list of all the localities contained in the Rezatkreise ... , Ansbach 1818, p. 50
  21. ↑ Histor. Atlas, p. 252
  22. ↑ Kgl. Statistical Bureau in Munich (edit.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria , Munich 1876, column 888
  23. ^ Locations directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical register of locations , Munich 1904, column 1218
  24. ↑ Histor. Atlas, p. 262
  25. ^ Official register of places for Bavaria. Territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census , Munich 1964, column 795
  26. ↑ Hist. Atlas, pp. 252, 263
  27. ↑ Official directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 , Munich 1991, p. 348
  28. ^ [1] Geneall.net

Web links

Commons : Kreuth  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files