Kurt Eberhard (General)

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Kurt Eberhard

Kurt Eberhard (born September 12, 1874 in Rottweil ; † September 8, 1947 in Stuttgart ) was a German officer , most recently major general and SS leader. As city commandant in occupied Kiev , he was jointly responsible for planning the Babyn Yar massacre , one of the largest Nazi murders, which killed more than 33,000 Jews on September 29 and 30, 1941.

Life

After completing his school career, Eberhard joined the field artillery regiment "King Karl" (1st Württembergisches) No. 13 in Ulm on August 3, 1892 as a flag junior . There he was appointed ensign on March 18, 1893 and promoted to second lieutenant and first lieutenant on November 25, 1893 and February 25, 1902. From October 1902 to July 1905, Eberhard attended the Prussian War Academy in Berlin. After his return to his regular regiment, he was transferred to the 27th Field Artillery Brigade (2nd Royal Württembergische) on February 25, 1907 , where he was employed as an adjutant . As a captain (since February 25, 1908), he was appointed battery chief in the 4th Württemberg Field Artillery Regiment No. 65 in Ludwigsburg on July 25, 1910 . Eberhard remained in this position until he was transferred to the field artillery school on October 1, 1913.

With the outbreak of the First World War , Eberhard returned to Field Artillery Regiment No. 65, took over the function of battery chief and was deployed on the Eastern Front . After being promoted to major on January 27, 1915, he was given command of the 2nd Division of the regiment, which from September 4, 1916 was directly subordinate to the 26th Division (1st Royal Württembergische) . With effect from April 10, 1918, he was appointed commander of Field Artillery Regiment No. 501, with whom he took up on the Western Front . After the end of the war he led the regiment back home, where it was demobilized in Minden on December 21, 1918 and finally disbanded in June 1919.

Reichswehr

Eberhard was taken over into the provisional Reichswehr and initially used him from July 1, 1919 to October 1, 1920 as commander of the Reichswehr Artillery Regiment 5. After the reduction in size and formation of the 100,000-man army, he was then employed until October 1, 1922 as commander of the 2nd (Baden) Division of the 5th Artillery Regiment in Ulm and in the meantime promoted him to lieutenant colonel on October 18, 1920 . As such, Eberhard joined the staff of Artillery Leader V on October 1, 1922. On April 1, 1923, he was appointed commander of Ulm and on November 1, 1923, he was promoted to colonel . Eberhard was relieved of his duties on March 31, 1925, resigned at the same time awarding of the character as a major general with that date from active service. Eberhard received a number of military awards.

NSDAP and SS

In 1938 Eberhard joined the NSDAP with membership number 5,645,459 . In addition, Eberhard had been a member of the SS since April 20, 1939 with the rank of SS Standartenführer (membership number 323.045). From 1940 he was SS-Oberführer and from November 9, 1942, brigade leader of the General SS.

Second World War

Announcement of the shootings of hostages in Kiev, City Commander Eberhard

Shortly before the start of World War II was reactivated Eberhard August 26, 1939 Army of Wehrmacht . It was initially unused. With the beginning of the western campaign , Eberhard was assigned to the staff of the commandant of the rear army area 550 and was used as Eberhard's artillery staff to lead the local organization of the artillery on the right of the Rhine (section command Oberkirch / Wehrkreis V). The Eberhard artillery staff was disbanded on July 7, 1940 (BA / MA 41/963). From May 13, 1941 to June 30, 1942 he then acted as the commander of the 1951 field command. On September 26, 1941, as the city commander of Kiev , he took part in a meeting in his office at which the Babiy Yar massacre was planned and in the The commander of Einsatzgruppe C , Otto Rasch , and SS-Standartenführer Paul Blobel , head of Sonderkommando 4a , also took part. On September 28, 1941, Eberhard reported to Berlin: “Wehrmacht welcomes measures and requests radical action”. Eberhard participated in the registration of the Jews in Kiev, ordered the shooting of hostages and opened the city to Sonderkommando 4a. In early July 1942, Eberhard in the Führerreserve the OKH displaced and separated the end of November 1942 from the military service. After the war, Eberhard came in November 1945 in US custody, he will be on September 8, 1947 in Stuttgart suicide committed.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Klaus Jochen Arnold : The Conquest and Treatment of the City of Kiev by the Wehrmacht in September 1941 - On the Radicalization of Occupation Policy , in: Military History Journal , Vol. 58 (1999), Issue 1, p. 23 fn. 4
  2. ↑ a b c Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 . Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Second updated edition, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 , p. 123.
  3. ↑ Details on this, especially in the Ranking List of the German Reichsheeres , Ed .: Reichswehrministerium , Mittler & Sohn Verlag , Berlin 1924, p. 116.
  4. ↑ Hartmut Rüß: Kiev / Babij Jar 1941 , pp. 102–112, in Gerd R. Ueberschär (ed.): Places of Horror, Crimes in the Second World War , 2003, Primus Verlag, ISBN 3-89678-232-0 , p. 106 and 112
  5. ↑ Hartmut Rüß: Kiev / Babij Jar 1941 , pp. 102–112, in Gerd R. Ueberschär (ed.): Places of Horror, Crimes in the Second World War , 2003, Primus Verlag, ISBN 3-89678-232-0 , p. 112
  6. ↑ Andreas Schulz, Günter Wegmann, Dieter Zinke: The generals of the Waffen-SS and the police , The military careers of the generals, as well as the doctors, veterinarians, directors, judges and ministerial officials in the general rank, Volume 2 (Hachtel-Kutschera), 2005, Biblio-Verlag, Bissendorf, ISBN 3-7648-2592-8 , p. 349, footnote 17 Friedrich August Jeckeln , p. 343-357
  7. ^ [1] , Gunter d'Alquen , 1939, Die SS. History, task and organization of the NSDAP's protection squadrons , accessed on September 7, 2011
  8. ↑ Torben Fischer, Matthias N. Lorenz (ed.): Lexicon of "Coping with the Past" in Germany: Debate and Discourse History of National Socialism after 1945 , transcipt Verlag, Bielefeld, 2nd, unchanged edition 2009, ISBN 978-3-89942-773 -8 , page 144 Digitized version ( Memento of the original from March 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / books.google.ch
  9. ↑ "You have to shoot!" In the massacre of Babiy Yar near Kiev, the Wehrmacht and SS shared the bloody work, Wolfram Wette, Die Zeit 48/2001
  10. ^ Josef Fiala: "Austrians" in the SS Einsatzgruppen and SS Brigades - The Killing Actions in the Soviet Union 1941-1942 , Diplomica-Verlag, Hamburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-8428-0015-1 , p. 51
  11. ↑ Bastian Keller: Responsibility and participation of the Wehrmacht in the murder of the Jews in the Russian campaign , Grin-Verlag, Norderstedt 2010, ISBN 978-3-640-77117-2 , p. 13
personal data
SURNAME Eberhard, Kurt
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German officer, most recently major general in World War II, SS leader
DATE OF BIRTH September 12, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Rottweil
DATE OF DEATH September 8, 1947
Place of death Stuttgart