La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima
La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima ( MTM ; German The terrestrial and maritime machine builder ) was a metalworking company in Barcelona. Since 1989 it has been integrated into the French multinational rail vehicle manufacturer Alstom .
history
The company was founded on September 14, 1855 by the merger of the workshops of Valentín Esparó Giralt, who had acquired the Bonaplata company in 1839, and the company La Barcelonesa (formerly Tous, Ascacíbar y Compañía), founded in 1838 by Nicolás Tous Mirapeix and Celedonio Ascacíbar was founded. Initially it was dedicated to heavy machinery construction. The main shareholders, in addition to the aforementioned owners, were Ramón Bonaplata, Josep M. Serra, Juan Güell Ferrer, José Antonio de Mendiguren and Nicolau Tous Soler.
The first workshops were built in 1861 with a total area of 17,500 m² in the La Barceloneta district of Barcelona. They had 1,200 workers. In 1917 the company built a second factory between the neighborhoods of Sant Andreu de Palomar and El Buen Pastor, with an area of over 100,000 m² and a workforce of 3,000.
The workshops of La Barceloneta were closed by 1965, but were kept as a warehouse for finished and unsold products. By 1993, the workshops of San Andres de Palomar were completely dismantled and relocated to a new location between the municipalities of Santa Perpetua de Moguda and Mollet del Vallés. At that time it merged with the MACOSA company (Material y Construcciones SA).
In 1989 it was taken over by the French multinational GEC Alsthom .
Products
Based on the success with the development and manufacture of steam engines and boilers, the company's products have been flexibly adapted to the changing market as follows over the course of its 150-year history:
Steam engines
In 1849 the boilers and steam engines for the paddle steamer Narvaez with an output of 160 hp and in 1852 the steam engine for the paddle steamer Conde de Venadito were built. Between 1856 and 1900 the company built 551 stationary steam engines and 59 steam engines for ships. From 1900 to 1935 only 18 more stationary steam engines were manufactured. Of these, 425 stayed in Catalonia, 141 came to the rest of Spain, one to the Philippines and two to Brazil. Of the 425 destined for the Catalan market, 350 went to the industrial sector (260 of which went to the textile sector) and 39 to the service sector. The other 36 had an unknown destination.
In 1861 and 1862 machines were built for the propeller-driven corvettes Vencedora and África . In 1864 the machines for the schooners Favorita , Ligera and Caridad, which were propelled by propellers , were manufactured.
Minting presses
From 1863, La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima de Barcelona began manufacturing Thonelier presses for coin production in the Casa de la Moneda in Madrid.
Traction engines
In 1863 the first locomobile was built by La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima . The second locomobile was not built until 1887.
bridges
From 1868 to 1900, La Maquinista built a total of 415 bridges, pontoons, pedestrian bridges and aqueducts. In 1868 the installation of the first iron bridge, which consisted entirely of domestically produced parts was, of La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima built in Gurp Valley on the route Barcelona-Mataró and inaugurated and another in Pineda de Mar .
The iron bridge of Sagasta was inaugurated on December 18, 1882, at the feast of Our Lady of the Virgin of Hope, the patron saint of Logroño . It was built by La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima with a budget of 909,837.46 pesetas.
On November 19, 1942, the Archena iron bridge was inaugurated. In addition to D. José Gil Martínez, the engineer from La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima Arias Mundi participated in its construction .
Piers
In 1881 the construction of the iron pier of Portugalete ( es ) began . Its architect and designer, Evaristo de Churruca , commissioned La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima to build the structure and the parts it needed. The work was completed in 1887 and inaugurated by Queen María Cristina .
Road bridges
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On May 7, 1916, the iron bridge over the Júcar River was inaugurated. The bridge that was named after Alfonso XIII. and is also known as Fortaleny Bridge, from where it formed a connection to Sueca .
In 1917 another iron bridge was inaugurated over the Júcar River . The Real motorway runs from Valencia to Albacete on the route of the N-340, between Gavarda and Beneixida . It has an iron arch 70 m high and 137 m long.
In 1918 the iron bridge over the Ebro in Mora de Ebro was inaugurated. It was destroyed in April 1938 during the retreat of the Republican army. The company also built the Tortosa iron bridges , which were similarly blown up in April 1938. In 1925 a 7,000 ton floating dock was built for the Cartagena arsenal . In the same year, the delivery of the 1700 series locomotives began. In 1926 the Alfonso XIII roller bascule bridge was built in Seville according to the Scherzer patent.
On June 26, 1927, the renovated railway bridge in Peralbillo was inaugurated. The renovation was complicated as it was carried out without interrupting rail traffic. The work with a total cost of 1,200,000 pesetas took 10 and more than 500 tons of iron were used. In 1935 the company delivered the first diesel locomotives to MZA, with which the first Spanish speed record for diesel locomotives was set at 140 km / h.
Steel bridges
In 1991, the metal bridge from Vicedo to Barqueiro was inaugurated over the mouth of the Sor Mañón River , which separates the provinces of Lugo and La Coruña. It consists of three identical, parabolic sections, each 18.10 m in length, which were built by La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima from Barcelona. It cost around 528,000 pesetas.
In the spring of 1992, the high-speed railway line Madrid – Seville was inaugurated. Several of the bridges and systems required for the route were built in the facilities of La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima .
Conveyor technology
In 1873 a stationary steam engine with a wooden winch was built to lower and raise the cage of a derrick to a depth of 250 m.
A representative product due to its size and long service life is the 100 t floating crane, which was used by the Port Authority of the Port of Bilbao until the 1980s. It was built by La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima in Barcelona. It was mounted on a metal pontoon that had water tanks behind the steam engines, which served as a counterweight and to reduce the tilt of the crane.
Power generation
In 1875 an electricity supply contract was signed with the city of Barcelona, which was the first Spanish city to have electric lighting.
Market halls
La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima was responsible for the design and manufacture of the columns and other ironworks of the covered central market (Mercado del Borne) built in 1876 according to the design of Josep Fontserè . It is the most important example of the construction and architecture of iron in Catalonia. The rectangular market covers an area of 8,000 m² and has a 31 m high central octagonal crossing . The San Antonio covered market was designed by Antonio Rovira and Trias, and built between 1876 and 1882 by La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima . It has a St. Andrew's cross -shaped arrangement and takes up an entire block in the Cerdà district. La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima built the building. In 1877 King Alfonso XII visited the facilities.
Military ships
In 1880 the boilers and steam engines for the gunboat Pilar were constructed.
In 1883 the company supplied the boilers and steam engines for the cruiser Cristóbal Colón , the gunboats Alsedo and General Concha and the torpedo boat Vicente Yáñez Pinzón.
Submarines
The inventor Cosme García Sáez had the first prototype of an iron submarine built at La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima in Barcelona. Seen from the side, it had a tapering barrel shape cut off to the bow and stern and was 3 m long, 1.5 wide and almost 1.6 m high. It had a hatch and hatches in the bow and stern. The submersion was created by the flooding of four tanks located on each side of the central and wider part of the hull. The water was pumped out with pumps to return to the surface. There were four openings in the hull, in which the propulsion of the ship with four articulated rudders operated from the inside was installed. The second prototype was also built by La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima .
Rail vehicles
Steam locomotives
On July 4, 1884, the first locomotives built entirely in Spain for the steam train from Barcelona to San Andres de Palomar were delivered. They were the "Palau" and the "Caldas", 100 hp tank locomotives with a service weight of 35 tons and three coupled axles each. They were built in 1884 by La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima . In 1887 the engines and boilers for the cruiser Marqués de la Ensenada were built. In 1888, the roof of the Mercado de la Libertad in Barcelona was inaugurated as a project by the urban architect Miquel Pascual Tintorer . Its iron structure, as well as the elements that make it up, were built by La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima .
In 1888 two Sanz locomotives were built for the Compañía Ferrocarril de Barcelona and the Mercado de la Concepción in Barcelona. Its roof is supported by a metal structure made by La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima. In 1889, several bulldozer steam boilers were installed in Viladomiu .
In 1889 the machines and boilers for the cruiser Alfonso XIII were built. In 1890 three tank cruisers with 7000 GRT each were built on the Nervión . The engines with 11,500 hp each came from La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima and the artillery weapons from Portilla-White. In 1891 the machines for the torpedo boat Martín Alonso Pinzón were built. In 1892 the machines were built for the torpedo boat Marques de Molins and for the great armored cruiser Emperor Charles V , who was considered the best warship in Spain.
In 1896, two turbines in Viladomiu were replaced by one with 365 hp. and built the machines and boilers for the Reina Regente class. In 1900 the La Burés steam engine was built in Valle de Anglés .
Between 1901 and 1911, La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima built twelve 2001-42 class Sanz locomotives for the Manresa and Berga railway companies.
In 1902 the boilers and machines for the cruise ship Extremadura are delivered and a contract to build the boilers for the battleship España is signed. Magí Cornet y Masriera, the engineering office of La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima , won the international competition for the bridge over the Great Neva in Saint Petersburg (1902–1904). In 1905, an auxiliary engine of 100 hp powered by hard coal was installed in Viladomiu.
In 1909 a steam engine was built and installed in the facilities of the Burés textile factory. In 1912 several tank locomotives with a 2-6-0 wheel arrangement , each weighing 41 tons, were delivered.
At the end of 1940, Norte commissioned the workshops of La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima in San Andrés to develop the Santa Fe locomotive with high performance and tractive power in order to solve the most pressing traffic problems on the line. On the morning of September 23, 1942, their presentation to the Council and the High Command of the National Network took place at the Vilanova i la Geltrú station . This locomotive, the first in a series of 20, had five coupled axles and was able to tow 550-ton trains at 55 kilometers per hour on ramps of 15 ‰ , which has been common in Spain since then. Their output was 2,700 hp. The machine weighed 125 tons when empty.
In 1944 and 1953, the mountain locomotives known under the names Bonitas and Atomics were delivered.
In 1948, the La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima workshops built a replica of the first Mataró steam locomotive that was used on the Barcelona-Mataró line.
In 1955 ten Confederation- type locomotives were built in La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima , and commissioning tests on a 7,300 hp marine engine were carried out on the centenary of La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima . 1956 the shunting locomotive 10101 with the name Memé or Pegasin was built. On October 10, 1958, the Mikado 141-2356 (serial number 720) was delivered to RENFE as the last steam locomotive by La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima . In 1958 the last steam locomotive was built by La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima , the 2-4-2 Samper de Calanda for the railroad from Andorra to Escatrón (serial number 721). On June 23, 1975, the then Prince of Spain, Don Juan Carlos de Borbón , decommissioned the boiler of the last scheduled steam locomotive, the Mikado 141-2348.
Diesel locomotives and railcars
Between 1960 and 1961, 80 Sulzer shunting tractors with 6LD22B engines were delivered to RENFE . In the course of 1963, 100 Sulzer shunting tractors with 6LD22B engines were delivered to RENFE. Between 1966 and 1973, 63 units with Sulzer 6LD22B engines of 400 hp were delivered to RENFE.
From 1981 MTM manufactured 30 narrow-gauge railroad diesel locomotives of the 1600 series for FEVE. Between 1983 and 1986, FEVE acquired 72 diesel multiple units of the 2400 series from La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima , 58 of which were motor cars and 14 trailer cars.
Diesel-electric locomotives
In 1953, the Swiss company Brown Boveri & Cie joined La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima as a partner and installed a special workshop for the construction of electrical equipment and motors for electrically powered locomotives. From 1953 the diesel locomotives of the 10.300 series were delivered. Between 1953 and 1954, twenty diesel-electric locomotives were delivered, with a Sulzer 6LD22 engine with a displacement of 220 × 290 mm, which developed 257 kW at 870 rpm.
Subways
In 1970, the first Barcelona V-Line metro was delivered with a MAN and Brown Boveri license.
Engines
Diesel engines
Before the Second World War, diesel engines were manufactured for the Fernando Poo and Domine motor boats with a Krupp license and for the Juan March and Victoria ferries with a Burmeister license.
Gas engines
Between 1901 and 1920, the company built more than 200 gas engines with an output of more than 10,000 hp each under license from the well-known Winterthur brand.
tank
On March 5, 1937, the Partido Socialista Unificado de Cataluña (PSUC) stole ten light tanks that were stored by La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima in Barcelona. During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) the company was collectivized by the generals, while the leaders and owners fled to the Franco zone. They formed a directorate and a works council ( San Sebastián , May 1937), which entered into relations with the German Krupp factory. Until 1937 the factory was run under the name Fábrica 0 by the Undersecretary of State for Armaments for the production of war material.
Power plants
In 1968, the Besòs I thermal power station , built by La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima , was inaugurated .
Visits
Several heads of state have visited the company's facilities: Queen Isabella II in 1861, King Alfonso XIII. in 1904 and Francisco Franco in 1960.
museum
- El Museo Històricsocial de la Maquinista Terrestre i Marítima SA y Macosa , Ferran Junoy, 10 (Parque de la Maquinista), CP 08030, Barcelona
Individual evidence
- ↑ Albert Pérez i Núñez: La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima, una empresa pionera de la industrialització Barcelona. P. 197. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
- ↑ Marc Pons: 14 de September de 1855: Fundación de la Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
- ↑ Laiy Mestre: Un pasado y Metalúrgico revolucionario. The antigua fábrica de trenes dio trabajo a 4,000 personas, la mayoría de Sant Andreu. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
- ↑ La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima entre 1930 y 1955. October 26, 2011. Accessed December 16, 2017.
- ↑ Carme Cebrián, Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima, SA, Macosa, Marià Hispano Vilaseca, Víctor Mata i Ventura, Alicia Capel Tatjer, Fundación Museo Historicosocial de La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima y Macosa: 150 años de historia de la Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima, SA y de MACOSA: de la revolución industrial a la revolución tecnológica. Dos Punts Documentació i Cultura, 2009.
Coordinates: 41 ° 22 ′ 50 " N , 2 ° 11 ′ 18.6" E