Renfe
Renfe
|
|
---|---|
legal form | public company |
founding | January 24, 1941 / January 1, 2005 (reorganization) |
Seat | Madrid , Spain |
management | Julio Gómez-Pomar Rodríguez |
Branch | Transport / logistics |
Website | www.renfe.com |
Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles (RENFE) ( German National Network of Spanish Railways ), since 2005 Renfe Operadora , is a state-owned Spanish railway company that is active in the passenger and freight transport.
history
Prehistory and foundation
After the end of the Spanish Civil War , the private railways in Spain faced financial misery. The Franco government was able to put a stop to this by creating a unified state railway on January 24, 1941. The entire broad gauge network (1672 mm) as well as various private railways, above all Compañía de los Caminos de Hierro del Norte de España (CCHNE) and Compañía de los Ferrocarriles de Madrid a Zaragoza y Alicante (MZA) as well as the Compañía Nacional, which were nationalized in 1928 and 1936 respectively de los Ferrocarriles del Oeste and Compañía de los Ferrocarriles Andaluces were merged as the Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles (RENFE) . In addition to the Iberian broad-gauge network, the narrow-gauge line Cercedilla-Cotos ( meter gauge ) also went to RENFE in 1950 .
In the years that followed, the 1,668 mm wide-gauge network (1,672 mm until 1955) was extensively modernized. In this way, some new construction projects such as the Sierra de la Culebra line in 1959 or the connection from Madrid to Burgos completed in 1968 could be realized. As a result of progressive motorization, however, countless narrow-gauge railways were shut down . In order to prevent a large part of the rail traffic from being paralyzed by the bankruptcy of the operators, the company FEVE was initially founded as a state-owned company with the aim of taking over these operators in trust. Unprofitable lines were shut down, including some broad gauge lines. Between 1969 and 1995, the expansion of the route network decreased from 13,691 km to 12,280 km.
Entry into high-speed traffic
In 1985 the company's share in the modal split was seven percent. As a result, there were line closures, but also a debate about the future of the railways through high-speed lines. Renfe also benefited from Spain joining the European Community in 1986. In 1992, the first high-speed line was built for the high-speed train AVE (Alta Velocidad Española) between Madrid and Seville . With foresight, this was carried out in the European standard gauge .
In Spain, the following high-speed lines were built in European standard gauge (1435 millimeters) between 1992 and 2013:
Standard - gauge high-speed line |
Part of the route | length | opening |
---|---|---|---|
Madrid – Seville | 472 km | 1992 | |
Branch to Toledo | 21 km | 2005 | |
Branch to Antequera | 97 km | 2006 | |
Madrid – Barcelona – French border |
Madrid – Zaragoza | 307 km | 2002 |
Junction Saragossa – Huesca | 79 km | 2003 | |
Zaragoza – Barcelona | 316 km | 2003-2008 | |
Barcelona – French border | 151 km | 2010-2013 | |
Madrid – Valladolid | 180 km | 2007 | |
Branch to Zamora | 99 km | 2015 | |
Madrid – Levante | Madrid – Valencia | 391 km | 2010 |
Branch to Albacete | 80 km | 2013 |
Some existing broad-gauge lines have also been expanded for high-speed traffic, mostly these are an extension of the standard-gauge lines, so that trains that can be re-gauged are used, see lane changeover in Spain . The high-speed train Euromed is used on the purely broad-gauge connection Barcelona - Valencia - Alicante (called Corredor Mediterráneo) . RENFE's repair shop for high-speed trains is located at Villaseca de la Sagra at the aforementioned junction to Toledo .
Reorganization and liberalization from 2005
As a preparatory measure for the competition on the railways, Renfe was officially dissolved on December 31, 2004 after 63 years. Two new companies were created for this, the Renfe Operadora and the Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (Adif). Since then, Renfe Operadora has been a pure passenger and goods transport company, with long-distance passenger rail transport and freight transport being operated independently from now on; the area of local rail passenger transport (including regional transport) will continue to be subsidized by the state as part of the general basic service. The railway infrastructure network is operated by the newly founded railway infrastructure company Adif. At the same time, the entire freight traffic was opened to private competition from 2005 onwards, but the actual market opening took place only slowly with a share of private operators in 2011 at only approx. 12% of the transport performance.
At the beginning of 2013, RENFE also took over the entire operation of FEVE's passenger and freight traffic on the meter- gauge network . The FEVE network was transferred to Adif.
In July 2013 the Spanish government announced an opening of long-distance passenger rail transport, with the opening of the network to private operators by the end of 2014; In the local rail passenger transport sector, the state should also tender services as concessions, for which private operators can also apply. Similar to Germany under the regionalization law. As part of this market opening, RENFE is to be split into 4 sub-areas: passenger transport, freight transport, maintenance and a leasing company that is to rent surplus material to competitors.
Types of trains and rolling stock
Train types
genus | description | material |
---|---|---|
Long haul high-speed services | ||
AVE | Long-distance connections with standard-gauge high-speed trains (≥ 300 km / h) | Series 100 , Series 102 u. 112 , series 103 |
Avlo | Low-price high-speed trains (≥ 300 km / h) | 112 series |
AV City | Low-price high-speed trains (≤ 250 km / h) | Series 104, 114 and 121 |
Altaria | Long-haul connections with locomotive- hauled, retractable Talgo sets with speeds of up to 200 km / h | Electric locomotive: Class 252 Diesel locomotive: Class 334 |
Euromed | Re-trackable high-speed service (≤ 250 km / h) on the Figueres – Barcelona – Valencia – Alicante route | 130 series |
Alvia | Re-trackable high-speed multiple units and multiple units (≤ 250 km / h) | Series 120 , series 130 |
Long distance trains | ||
InterCity | Passenger trains that fill the gap between high-quality regional and long-distance traffic, sometimes on high-speed lines (≤ 250 km / h) | Classes 120, 121, 449 , 598 , 599 and trains hauled by locomotives (Class 252) |
Talgo | Passenger trains with locomotive- hauled , partially re-gauging Talgo sets; individual trains also ran to France until the end of 2013 | Trains hauled by a locomotive |
Trenhotel ( EuroNight ) |
Night trains with locomotive- hauled Talgo sets , some of which can be re-gauged, international traffic to Lisbon , until the end of 2013 also as the “ Elipsos Trenhotel” to Paris | Trains hauled by a locomotive |
Medium-distance trains | ||
Avant | Standard-gauge high-speed trains (≤ 250 km / h) with a journey time of less than 90 minutes | Series 104, 114, 121 and 130 |
Regional | Broad-gauge regional trains that usually stop at all stops and often connect smaller towns with the provincial capital | Diesel multiple units: Series 592, 596 Electric multiple units: Series 440, 470 |
Regional express | Broad-gauge, accelerated regional trains do not stop at all stations | Diesel multiple units: Series 592, 596 Electric multiple units: Series 440, 448, 470 |
MD | Broad-gauge comfort trains requiring reservations for accelerated regional traffic | Diesel multiple units: series 598, 599 electric multiple units: series 449 |
TRD | Wide-gauge, diesel-powered comfort trains requiring reservations for accelerated regional traffic | Series 594 |
Local trains | ||
Cercanías | S-Bahn trains with wide and meter gauge that run in the greater Asturias, Santander, Bilbao, San Sebastián, Madrid, Saragossa, Barcelona, Valencia, Murcia, Alicante, Malaga, Seville and Cádiz areas | Series 440 / R, 442, 446, 447, 450/451, 592, CIVIA (463-465) |
Former train types (among others)
genus | description | material |
---|---|---|
Long haul high-speed services | ||
Alaris | High-speed service (≤ 200 km / h) on the broad-gauge lines Madrid – Valencia – Castellón and Barcelona – Valencia – Seville / Málaga, discontinued in 2013 | 490 series |
Arco | Broad-gauge high-speed service (≤ 200 km / h), discontinued since September 2014 | Electric locomotive: Class 252 diesel locomotives: 333, 334, 319 |
Long distance trains | ||
Diurno | Classic day trains, discontinued in June 2012 | Trains hauled by a locomotive |
Tren Estrella | Classic night trains in the broad gauge network, discontinued since April 2015 | Trains hauled by a locomotive |
Medium-distance trains | ||
R-594, R-598 | Wide-gauge diesel-powered comfort trains requiring reservation for accelerated regional traffic, discontinued since 2012 | Series 594, 598 |
Rolling stock
Electric multiple units in high-speed traffic
model series | number | Operation since | Max. Speed (km / h) |
Gauge | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
100 | 24 | 1992 | 300 | Standard gauge | based on TGV Atlantique |
102 | 16 | 2005 | 330 | Standard gauge | |
103 | 26th | 2007 | 350 | Standard gauge | Siemens Velaro E, based on the ICE 3 |
104 | 20th | 2005 | 250 | Standard gauge | based on the 490 series , runs as Avant |
112 | 30th | 2008 | 330 | Standard gauge | based on series 102 |
114 | 13 | 2008 | 250 | Standard gauge | based on FS ETR 600 operates as Avant |
120 | 28 | 2006 | 250/220 | Normal / wide (able to change lanes) |
runs as Alvia u. Alaris |
121 | 29 | 2008 | 250/220 | Normal / wide (able to change lanes) |
based on series 120 |
130 | 45 | 2007 | 250/220 | Normal / wide (able to change lanes) |
operates as Alvia , Avant and Euromed |
490 | 10 | 1999 | 220 | Broad gauge | wrong as Alaris |
Electric locomotives
model series | number | Operation since | Max. Speed (km / h) |
Gauge | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
251 | 28 | 1982 | 140 | Broad gauge | in freight train service |
252 | 75 | 1992 | 220 | Normalsp. + Broadsp. |
Further development of the DB 120.1 for express and freight train service |
253 | 100 | 2008 | 140 | Broad gauge | in freight train service |
269 | 176 | 1973 | 100-160 | Broad gauge | in passenger and freight train service |
289.100 | 9 | 1969 | 80-130 | Broad gauge | in freight train service |
Diesel locomotives
model series | number | Operation since | Max. Speed (km / h) |
Gauge | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
311 | 8th | 1991 | 90 | Broad gauge | Shunting locomotive SBB Am 841 in Switzerland |
319 | 81 | 1984 | 140 | Normalsp. + Broadsp. |
in passenger and freight train service |
333 | 93 | 1974 | 160 | Broad gauge | in passenger and freight train service |
334 | 28 | 2006 | 200 | Broad gauge | Further development of the BR 333 for passenger transport |
Electric multiple units for regional and local traffic
model series | number | Operation since | Max. Speed (km / h) |
Gauge | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
440 / R | 132 | 1974 | 140 | Broad gauge | in regional and local transport (440R) |
442 | 5 | 1976 | 60 | Meter gauge | Service in transport Madrid (Line C9) |
446 | 166 | 1989 | 100 | Broad gauge | Local transport service |
447 | 183 | 1993 | 120 | Broad gauge | Local transport service |
448 | 29 | 1987 | 160 | Broad gauge | Regional transport service |
449 | 57 | 2008 | 160 (200) |
Broad gauge (normalsp.) |
Service in regional traffic (convertible to standard gauge) |
450/451 | 36 | 1994 | 140 | Broad gauge |
Double-deck car service in local traffic |
463-465 | 237 | 2004 | 120-160 | Broad gauge | Better known as CIVIA local transport service |
470 | 55 | 1974 | 140 | Broad gauge | Further development of the BR 440 service in regional traffic |
Diesel multiple units for regional and local traffic
model series | number | Operation since | Max. Speed (km / h) |
Gauge | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
592 | 70 | 1981 | 120-140 | Broad gauge | Service in regional and local transport |
594 | 23 | 1997 | 160 | 21 only broadsp. 2 lane changes |
Regional transport service |
596 | 13 | 1982 | 120 | Broad gauge | Further development of the BR 593 service in regional traffic |
598 | 21st | 2004 | 160 | Broad gauge |
Tilting train service in regional traffic |
599 | 50 | 2008 | 160 | Broad gauge | Regional transport service |
As of September 14, 2010
Serious accidents (extract)
- September 25, 1938 Martorell railway accident
- January 1944 Railway accident in Torre del Bierzo
- July 21, 1972 El Cuervo railway accident
- June 23, 2010 Railway accident at Castelldefels
- July 24, 2013 Railway accident in Santiago de Compostela
See also
- List of RENFE locomotive and railcar series
- Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias
- Ferrocarriles de Via Estrecha
Web links
- Official website
- Renfe locomotives
- Notes on the prohibition of photography of railway facilities and trains in Spain
- Early documents and newspaper articles on Renfe in the 20th Century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
- ↑ German Renfe operator
- ^ Richard Malins: Spain - a New Railway Mania? . In: Modern Railways . Vol. 66, No. 726, 2009, ISSN 0026-8356 , pp. 58-63.
- ↑ Test drive on the LAV Olmedo - Zamora on www.lok-report.de on October 23, 2015
- ↑ Trenes de mercancías al ralentí. El Pais, September 20, 2013, accessed January 3, 2014 (Spanish).
- ^ Las claves para la liberalización de Renfe y el fin del monopolio. Negocios.com, October 28, 2013, accessed January 3, 2014 (Spanish).
- ↑ Renfe suprime sin publicidad el tren nocturno a Madrid (Spanish). El Periódico de Catalunya website , April 8, 2015. Accessed May 3, 2015.