Luditz district

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Administrative map of the Reichsgau Sudetenland

The Luditz district is a former district in the Sudetenland . It existed as a German district between 1938 and 1945. Its predecessor, the Political District Luditz in the Austrian crown land of Bohemia or Czechoslovakia , existed since 1850.

On January 1, 1945, the Luditz district comprised:

On December 1, 1930 the area of ​​the Luditz district had 32,760 inhabitants, on May 17, 1939 there were 30,157 and on May 22, 1947 15,523.

Location and dates

The area of ​​the former Luditz district is located in Bohemia in the eastern part of today's Okres Karlovy Vary (as of February 2005) in the Czech Republic .

The Luditz district had an area of ​​around 600 km² and (on May 17, 1939) 30,157 inhabitants. The Egerland dialect spoken in the district belonged to the northern Bavarian language variant.

The seat of the district administration was in the town of Luditz (Czech: Žlutice ), south of the center of the district.

The porcelain industry (Gießhübel), the glass industry (Schlößles in the Prohor community), the shoemaker's trade (Buchau) and the former Luditzer salt trade (until 1829) were economically important.

The north of the district protruded into the Duppau Mountains (Czech: Doupovské hory), the south into the Tepler highlands (Czech: Tepelská plošina). Through the southern half of the circle, u. a. on the southern edge of Luditz, the Schnella (Czech: Střela ) flowed .

The neighboring districts or districts were (with cardinal direction):   Landkreis Kaaden (N);   Karlsbad district (NW);   District of Tepl (SW);   District of Mies (S); political district Kralowitz, in the Protectorate (SO);   Podersam district (SO and E).

history

The German settlement of the Luditzer area began with certainty as early as the 13th century, when secular and ecclesiastical rulers were interested in a greater use of their property in order to achieve greater profits. The Germans willing to settle were given the prospect of favorable conditions. Sometimes they settled in existing Czech locations, sometimes completely new locations emerged, for example due to clearing orders from the landlord (see Schönau village ).

Administrative history

Kingdom of Bohemia / Austria-Hungary / Czechoslovakia / German occupation

In the time of the old Bohemian great districts, Luditz belonged to the Saaz district from around 1350 to 1751 , and from 1751 to 1850 to the Elbogen district . After the administrative reform in 1850, Luditz belonged to the Political District of Luditz and its judicial district of Luditz until 1938 (also after the establishment of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918) . Before the Munich Agreement of September 29, 1938, the political districts Kralovice and Žlutice belonged to Czechoslovakia .

In the period from October 1st to October 10th, 1938, German troops occupied this area. The fully occupied political district of Žlutice from then on bore the former German-Austrian name Luditz . It comprised the judicial districts of Buchau and Luditz and the German-speaking areas of the former judicial district of Manetin (in the political district of Kralowitz), namely the following communities: Bernklau, Cisotin, Deutsch Doubrawitz, Hluboka (without OT Kalec and Odlezly / Voitles), Kamenahora, Kotantschen, Krasch , Lukowa, Lusetin (formerly OT von Wilkischau), Mösing, Netschetin, Potok, Preitenstein, Rabenstein an der Schnella , Ratka, Ratschin, Wilkischau (without OT Lusetin), Wirschin, Wisocan and Zwolln.

Since November 20, 1938, the political district Luditz led the designation "district". Until that day he was subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief of the Army, Colonel General von Brauchitsch , as head of the military administration.

German Empire

On November 21, 1938 the area of ​​the districts Luditz and Kralovice (remainder) was formally incorporated into the German Reich and came to the administrative district of the Sudeten German areas under the Reich Commissioner Konrad Henlein .

The town of Luditz became the seat of the district administration .

From April 15, 1939, the law on the structure of the administration in the Reichsgau Sudetenland (Sudetengaugesetz) came into force . Then the districts of Luditz and Kralovice (remainder) came to the Reichsgau Sudetenland and were assigned to the new administrative district of Eger with the seat of the district president in Karlsbad .

On May 1, 1939, the partially cut districts in the Sudetenland were reorganized. Thereafter, the remnants of the judicial district of Manetin (former political district Kralovice) were incorporated into the Luditz district , with the exception of the two communities Hurkau and Zahradka. These joined the district of Mies . It remained in this state until the end of World War II.

After the end of the Second World War (May 1945), the Sudetenland became part of the Czechoslovak Republic again and initially received the old district division again.

After the Sudeten Germans were expelled from the Luditz district (from 1945), the German city of Bad Sooden-Allendorf took on the sponsorship of the Sudeten Germans from the city and the former Luditz district in 1961.

District administrators

1939 -9999: Walther Sundermeyer (1900–1977)
1939–1944: Pohnert
1944–1945:?

Local constitution

Austria-Hungary

From 1850 the old Bohemian great districts were replaced by a new division of the country into political districts (the executive), each of which consisted of one or more judicial districts (the judiciary).

German Empire

On the day before the formal incorporation into the German Reich, namely on November 20, 1938, all municipalities were subject to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, which provided for the implementation of the Führer principle at the municipal level. From then on, the terms customary in the previous territory of the Reich were used, namely instead:

  • Local parish: Municipality,
  • Market town: market,
  • Municipality: City,
  • Political district: District.

Place names

The previous place names continued to apply, namely in the German-Austrian version from 1918.

See also

Web links